Conductive Polyaniline Research Articles

Polyaniline-Grafted Chitin Nanocrystals as Conductive Reinforcing Nanofillers for Waterborne Polymer Dispersions.

Due to its intrinsic electrical conductivity, polyaniline (PANI) is one of the most promising conducting polymers for high-performance applications in a wide range of technological fields. However, its poor dispersibility in water and organic solvents markedly imparts its processability and electrical conductivity. Herein, we report a green and one-step approach to preparing stable colloidal dispersions of highly dispersible hybrid nanoparticles by polymerizing PANI onto chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs) as biotemplates, via initiation through the surface amino groups of ChNCs. Evidence of the grafting of PANI onto ChNCs was supported by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as well as Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies. Nanocomposite films were prepared by mixing the PANI-g-ChNCs with a waterborne poly(vinyl acetate) latex dispersion followed by casting and film formation at room temperature. The mechanical properties were tested as a function of the PANI-g-ChNC content. In addition, it was shown that at a proper content of PANI in ChNCs, and over a critical loading in the PANI-g-ChNCs, a conductive film was obtained, without sacrificing the reinforcing effect of the rodlike nanofiller. As a potential application, conductive waterborne adhesives for wood were prepared and the performance of the adhesives was tested. This research provides a facile route to fabricating a new class of hybrid nanofiller from a biobased origin, stable in water and easy to mix with waterborne dispersions, combining the merits of the ChNC nanofiller with the conductivity of PANI.

Enhanced actuation performance of silicone rubber via the synergistic effect of polyaniline particles and silicone oil

Due to the large strain and fast response characteristics of dielectric elastomers (DEs), they are regarded as a promising alternative for “artificial muscle”. Silicone rubber (SR) with good aging resistance, biocompatibility, and high insulation, is considered as an excellent candidate material for DEs. In this work, conductive polyaniline (PANI) particles were dispersed as dielectric filler to improve the value of dielectric constant (ε), while the silicone oil (SO) was incorporated as a plasticizer for increasing the flexibility of SR DE-based composites. At last, the actuated strain of 30 phr SO/PANI/SR DE-based composite reached the value of 9.5% under 60 kV/mm, which was equivalent to an increase of 265% for the pure SR (2.6%) at the same electric field. Moreover, good durability and mechanical properties were demonstrated for the as-prepared SR DE-based composites, which is of great importance for their long-term use.

3D printing of conductive organic polymers: challenges and opportunities towards dynamic and electrically responsive materials

Since their discovery, conducting polymers have been the subject of longstanding attention for the development of electrically responsive devices. Modern methodologies of manufacturing, including additive manufacturing, are increasingly used in order to create three dimensional systems with controlled architectures. The merging of the two research areas is challenging, given the peculiar macromolecular and chemical characteristics of conductive polymers. We report here an overview about different 3D printing techniques, such as inkjet, extrusion, and light-based printing, for the production of electrically responsive functional materials and devitces for sensing, biosensing or actuative purposes. Recent examples in which the three main classes of conductive polymers, namely, polyaniline, poly(dioxy-3,4-ethylenethiophene) and polypyrrole have been processed with additive manufacturing techniques are sequentially presented.

Renewable Hybrid Biopolymer/Polyaniline Composites for Humidity Sensing

The current study was focused on electrically conductive polyaniline (PANI)-based polymer composites and their films, which contain poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The goal of this research was to evaluate PANI composites that contain biopolymer platforms (chitosan or cellulose micro-powder) as materials for humidity sensing, which were compared against composites that contain carbon nanofibers in lieu of the biopolymer. Ternary film materials were prepared by a two-step method: (1) in situ polymerization of PANI onto the biopolymer or carbon support to yield a binary composite, and (2) physical blending of the resulting binary composite with PVA to yield a ternary composite in a film form. The following mechanical properties were estimated: (a) elastic (Young’s) modulus and stiffness, (b) ductility and toughness, and (c) yield and tensile strength. The Young’s modulus improved as the chitosan fraction increased, which indicates that chitosan can be used as a mechanical reinforcement additive for PANI-based composites. The electrical properties were characterized by plots of electrical conductivity versus relative humidity, whereas mechanical properties were evaluated using tensile testing. Overall, chitosan-based films showed good mechanical properties, moderate electrical conductivity, and favorable high humidity response and moisture uptake. Cellulose- and carbon-based composites were generally inferior to chitosan for most properties, except for higher conductivity. Due to the high brittleness of carbon-based composites, the practical utility of carbon nanofibers for humidity sensing is limited in the case of pristine carbon materials. This work reveals that ternary PANI-based composites are potential candidates for humidity sensor materials, where moderate PANI-to-chitosan/cellulose/carbon ratios enable good moisture uptake and electromechanical properties of composites. PANI/biopolymer composites are a promising class of sustainable materials due to the ability to tailor their structure and properties, in contrast to conventional ceramic humidity sensor materials.

Conducting and magnetic hybrid polyaniline/nickel composites

Hybrid organic/inorganic polyaniline/nickel composites were prepared by the in-situ oxidation of aniline hydrochloride with ammonium peroxydisulfate in the presence of various portions of nickel microparticles. Electron microscopies demonstrated the coating of nickel with polyaniline. FTIR and Raman spectroscopies indicated the reduced degree of polyaniline protonation. As a consequence, the composites containing 7.2–58.8 wt% of nickel had the conductivity of the order of 10−3–10−2 S cm−1, i.e. several order of magnitude lower than the conductivity of polyaniline or nickel. The conductivity as a function of applied pressure is also reported. Relatively low conductivity of composites is explained by the partial reduction of polyaniline with hydrogen gas evolved during the synthesis and consequent hydrogenation of polyaniline catalysed by nickel. The accompanying partial dissolution of nickel manifests itself by the reduced composite yield. The reason why hydrogen is generated mainly after the synthesis of polyaniline is discussed. The magnetic properties afforded by nickel are also reported. The composites dispersed in thermoplastic polyurethane matrix providing mechanical properties have been tested for electromagnetic interference shielding.

Preparation of polyaniline/porous carbon spheres derived from γ-cyclodextrin for supercapacitors

• PANI was successfully grown in situ on the surface of PCS derived from CD. • The products exhibit good specific surface area and high specific capacitance. • It indicates great potentials for high-performance supercapacitors. γ-Cyclodextrin (γ-CD) is a pollution free and renewable biomass carbon source. Porous carbon spheres (PCS) can be prepared by the soft template method and hydrothermal treatment of γ-cyclodextrin. By combining PCS and the conductive polymer polyaniline (PANI), a composite with good electrochemical energy storage can be obtained. The electrochemical properties of the PANI/PCS composite are studied. In the three-electrode system, the specific capacitance of PCS reached 110.0F·g −1 at 1 A·g −1 , whereas the specific capacitance of the PANI/PCS composite reaches a maximum specific capacitance of 339.6F·g −1 , which is a significant improvement of 208.7% compared to that of PCS. Therefore, PANI/PCS composites have broad application prospects in supercapacitor energy-storage devices.

Joule-heating Pyrolysis-derived Fe, N Co-doped Carbon and Its Performance in Direct Peroxide-Peroxide Fuel Cells

The traditional electric furnace pyrolysis to produce heteroatom doped carbon faces the time-consuming issue due to the fixed size of furnace chamber and indirect heat transfer. Herein a fast Joule-heating pyrolysis method, viz., powering on the C, N, Fe-containing, conductive polyaniline precursor at fixed direct current (DC) voltage for a specific time, is put forward. The polyaniline precursor begins to decompose thermally when being powered with a DC voltage of 5.0 V upwards. In the pyrolysis products, Fe and N co-doping of carbon material leads to C–N bonding and C-Fe bonding in a certain way. The direct peroxide-peroxide fuel cell (DPPFC) with the optimal Fe, N codoped carbon material as anode and cathode can generate an open circuit voltage of 0.85 V and a peak power density of 29.7 mW cm−2 in ambient temperature, which is highly competitive compared with other DPPFCs with anode and/or cathode made of noble metals.

Electrically switchable capabilities of conductive polymers-based plasmonic nanodisk arrays.

The electrically dynamic regulation of plasmonic nanostructures provides a promising technology for integrated and miniaturized electro-optical devices. In this work, we systematically investigate the electrical regulation of optical properties of plasmonic Au nanodisk (AuND) arrays integrated with different conductive polymers, polypyrrole (PPy), polyaniline (PANI), and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), which show their respective superiority of electrical modulation by applying the appropriate low voltages. For the hybrid structure of polymer-coated AuND arrays, its reflection spectrum and corresponding structural color are dynamically modulated by altering the complex dielectric function of the covering nanometer-thick conductive polymers based on the electrically controlled redox reaction. Due to the distinct refractive index responses of different polymers on the external voltage, polymer-coated AuND arrays exhibit different spectral variations, response time, and cycle stability. As a result, the reflection intensity of PPy-coated AuND arrays is mainly tailored by increasing optical absorption of the PPy polymer over a broad spectral range, which is distinguished from the wavelength shift of the resonance modes of AuND arrays induced by the other two polymers. Additionally, AuND arrays integrated with both PANI and PEDOT polymers exhibit a rapid switching time of less than 50 ms, which is 5 times smaller than the case of the PPy polymer. Most importantly, PPy-coated AuND arrays exhibit excellent cycle stability over 50 cycles compared to the other two polymers integrated devices. This work demonstrates a valuable technique strategy to realize high-performance polymer-coated dynamically tunable nanoscale electro-optical devices, which has especially significance for smart windows or dynamic display applications.

One-step synthesis of nano-S/C@PANI composites for lithium-sulfur batteries with high rate and long lifespan

Conductive polymers in combination with carbon matrix are an effective way for the confinement of lithium polysulfides and improved conductivity of sulfur. It can advance the commercial application of lithium-sulfur batteries to optimize preparation methods of conductive polymers in combination with carbon matrix in the process of loading sulfur. Here, a S/C@PANI composite is synthesized via an in situ one-step synthesis method using graphite as a conductive carrier and polyaniline as a conductive polymer. The effect of different preparation methods on the property of the as-prepared S/C@PANI composite is investigated. The S/C@PANI composite prepared via the one-step method delivers a specific capacity of 984 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C, especially 404 mA h g−1 at a high rate of 3 C, and maintains a discharge capacity of 465 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.5 C, responding to a capacity retention of 77.3%, showing excellent rate capability and good cycling performance. These exceptional performances are attributed to the booted electron transport pathways and suppressed shuttle effect of polysulfides resulting from the strengthening covalent coupling between polyaniline and graphite via one-step assembly synthesis. The one-step synthesis method used in this work offers a facile and efficient route for applying Li/S batteries.

Polyaniline encapsulated Ti-MOF/CoS for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

We report the study of conductive polyaniline (PANI) chain embedded Ti-MOF functionalized with CoS as a cocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) application. The post synthetically modified hybrid photocatalyst PANI/Ti-MOF/CoS greatly influences the redox and e− − h+ separation process and exhibits an impressive rate of HER (∼1322 μmol h−1g−1), suppressing the pristine Ti-MOF (∼62 μmol h−1g−1) with apparent quantum yield (AQY) of ∼3.2 and transient current response of ∼46.4 μA cm−2. In this system, Ti-MOF provides the circulation of Ti3+ and Ti4+ to the reaction of photocatalytic H2 generation, where the additional PANI and CoS amended the performance of H2 production through electron enrichment and thereby improving the stability and integrity of Ti-MOF. The Electrochemical studies demonstrated increased photocurrent by interweaving Ti-MOF crystal with PANI through cation-π interaction thereby enhancing interface connection and then promoting electron transfers. The charge dynamics revealed the initial charge transfer from photoexcited PANI to encapsulated MOF framework to boost the photocatalytic performance of the system. Further, the electron movement at the Ti-MOF/CoS interface is investigated through work function and electrochemical potential of electrons (Fermi level). DFT results demonstrate the importance of CoS in improving the photocatalytic performance of hybrid Ti-MOF catalyst, which leads to superior catalytic behaviour. These results establish that the encapsulation of catalytic active sites inside MOFs with desirable energy band gaps would be an ideal choice for the production of solar fuels.

Superhydrophobic polyaniline/TiO2 composite coating with enhanced anticorrosion function

The combination of superhydrophobicity and electrical conductivity to enable new functionalities of conductive polymers is of great potential in anticorrosion applications of metal and alloy. In this work, a rough Zn coating was fabricated on carbon steel substrate through an electrodeposition process. The Zn-coated carbon steel substrate was further coated by a modifier that contains polyaniline/TiO2 composite (PTC) and stearic acid (STA), to develop a superhydrophobic and corrosion resistant STA/PTC (SPTC)-Zn coating. The surface morphology study found that there were numerous stamen/pistil-like protrusions on the SPTC-Zn coatings. The results of wettability test show that the SPTC-Zn coating has a water contact angle (WCA) of 159.8° and a water sliding angle (WSA) of 6.2°, which exhibits gratifying superhydrophobicity. Moreover, the superhydrophobic SPTC-Zn coating also displays superior scratching/peeling resistance, abrasion resistance, acid-alkali resistance, corrosion resistance and self-cleaning properties, indicating that the modifier-containing PTC could significantly improve the mechanical and chemical stabilities, antifouling and anticorrosion properties of Zn coatings. It can be inferred that the excellent performance of SPTC-Zn coating was mainly derived from the synergistic effect of the following three aspects: the air cushion stored in its hierarchical micro/nanostructures transforms the traditional solid-liquid contact into solid-gas-liquid separation, the formation of series hydrophobic complexes on the coating surface, and the composite passivation film generated by the oxidation zinc substrate of conductive polyaniline. Based on this new protection mechanism, the obtained superhydrophobic SPTC-Zn coating displays promising potential in practical industries.

A novel, biocompatible nanostarch incorporated Polyaniline-Polyvinyl alcohol-Nanostarch hybrid scaffold for tissue engineering applications

The current work trying to enhance a conductive hybrid Polyaniline(PANI)-Polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)-Nanostarch(NS) bionanocomposite with 1%, 2%, and 3% nanostarch as a biocompatible subtance for successful to apply tissue engineering. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Transmission Electron Microscopy with Selected Area Electron Diffraction were used to investigate the effect of NS at different concentrations (1%, 2%, and 3%) on PANI-PVA-NS bionanocomposite membranes. The presence of distinct functional groups and the chemical interaction associated with PANI-PVA-NS were demonstrated by FTIR spectra. The presence of NS in the PANI-PVA matrix was indicated by the XRD pattern, and there was a decrease in crystallinity. FESEM morphological investigations supported the porosity structure of the synthesised PANI-PVA-NS (1%, 2%, and 3%) bionanocomposite. TEM scans revealed that NS particles have a size of 53 nm. The mechanical examination supported that adding NS to PANI-PVA alteredtensile strength, young's modulus and elongation at break are 454.42 MPa, 906.23 MPa, and 321.18% respectively. The addition of NS into PANI-PVA enhanced the swelling degree by the range of 320% while keeping the slower degradation rate at around 45% by maintainingthe pH at 7.4. The in-vitro haemolytic experiment validated the hemocompatibility percentage of the bionanocompositewhich was less than 2%. Thermogravimetric measurements validated the thermal stability of the samples at a Tmax of 500 °C. The redox properties of the samples were examined using cyclic voltammetry studies. The antibacterial activity of bionanocomposite was investigated using gram-positive bacteria, Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus aureus, and gram-negative bacteria, Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli, and the results revealed an efficient zone of inhibition against all tested bacterial species. According to the studies, the developed bionanocomposite could be advantageous in tissue engineering applications.

Hierarchical Thiospinel NiCo2S4/Polyaniline Hybrid Nanostructures as a Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Highly Efficient and Durable Overall Water Splitting

AbstractThe development of a nonprecious, stable, and highly effective electrocatalyst for decomposition of water into oxygen and hydrogen is vitally important for sustainable energy conversion, but it still remains challenging to replace the noble metal electrocatalysts with more economically viable alternatives. Herein, a polyaniline (PANI) decorated hierarchical nickel cobalt thiospinel (NiCo2S4) hybrid catalyst (NCS‐P) has been developed that shows enhanced dual catalytic activity for both the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) compared to pristine NiCo2S4 (NCS). Benefiting from the conductive PANI coating, the hierarchical NCS‐P nanostructure exhibits outstanding electrocatalytic activity in alkaline solution with low overpotentials of 273 ± 3 and 77 ± 4 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and low Tafel slopes of 42.2 and 68.5 mV dec−1 for OER and HER, respectively, which are better than those of the benchmark noble‐metal‐based RuO2 and Pt/C.

Fabrication of nitrate ion sensor based on conductive polyaniline doped with nitrate using thick film technology

Nitrate is one of the nutrients that can give an effect on the environment if it is applied in excess. It is also easily soluble in water and it has the potential to be a pollutant in groundwater by the over-process of fertilizer. Therefore, it needs a detected component to give the right measure for nitrate in the soil, called a nitrate ion sensor. It consists of three electrodes configuration, namely, working, counter, and reference electrodes with conductive polyaniline doped with Nitrate (NO₃‾) which is fabricated by thick film technology. In previous research, acidic media was used as a solvent for polyaniline, while this research used water (H2O) solvent. The result of characterization showed that particles were distributed evenly on the sample with the form of particles being small balls with a dimension of 0.18 µm and the percentage of atomic elements being: 91.96 % carbon, 3.14 % nitrogen, and 4.9 % oxygen. The performance of sensors was investigated using potentiostat with four concentrations of nitrate standard solution. The result showed good response with a voltage range in each concentration of nitrate standard solution being 0.5002 Volt (10 mg/l), 1.3552 Volt (20 mg/l), 1.1208 Volt (50 mg/l), and 0.8963 Volt (100 mg/l). It was found that nitrate sensors with nitrate-doped conductive polymer, polyaniline, as the sensitive membrane responded well to detecting nitrate elements in precision farming and the sensitivity showed that for every 1 mg/l concentration in nitrate standard solution, the voltage increases by 0.0007.

Bifunctional hydrogen-bonding cross-linked polymeric binder for high sulfur loading cathodes in lithium/sulfur batteries

Construction of high sulfur loading electrode is one of the effective ways to achieve high specific energy density lithium/sulfur batteries. Therefore, the optimization of polymeric binders has been considered as effective strategy to improve the volume changes of sulfur electrodes during charge/discharge processes. In this work, an effective route for the preparation of three dimensional polymeric binder (PAA-PANI) via multiple hydrogen bonds was developed and fabricated through in situ polymerization between polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyaniline (PANI), which possess bifunctional effects on high sulfur loading cathodes in lithium/sulfur batteries. The carboxyl polar groups of PAA could effectively adsorb polysulfides and the conductive PANI enhance the electronic conductivity of the sulfur electrode. The three dimensional polymeric binder of PAA-PANI has enhanced the active material adhesion, mechanical properties and electronic conductivity, which decreased overpotential polarization, improved the lithium ions diffusion coefficient, and reduced the self-discharge. More importantly, the PAA-PANI functional binder could alleviate the expansion of high sulfur loading electrode. Taking advantages of PAA-PANI binder, the carbon nanotubes modified sulfur electrode (CNTs@S; sulfur content: 84.3 wt%) with PAA-PANI binder exhibits an initial discharge capacity of 906 mAh g–1 at 2.56 mA cm–2 (0.3 C) under a sulfur loading of 5.1 mg cm–2. Even at higher current density of 8.54 mA cm–2 (1 C), the PAA-PANI binder electrode delivers a high capacity of 846 mAh g–1. Moreover, with an extremely high areal sulfur loading of 17 mg cm–2, the cathode shows an areal specific capacity of 16.7 mAh cm–2.

Synergetic Effect of Polyaniline and Graphene in Their Composite Supercapacitor Electrodes: Impact of Components and Parameters of Chemical Oxidative Polymerization.

The current development of clean and high efficiency energy sources such as solar or wind energy sources has to be supported by the design and fabrication of energy storage systems. Electrochemical capacitors (or supercapacitors (SCs)) are promising devices for energy storage thanks to their highly efficient power management and possible small size. However, in comparison to commercial batteries, SCs do not have very high energy densities that significantly limit their applications. The value of energy density directly depends on the capacitance of full SCs and their cell voltage. Thus, an increase of SCs electrode specific capacitance together with the use of the wide potential window electrolyte can result in high performance SCs. Conductive polymer polyaniline (PANI) as well as carbonaceous materials graphene (G) or reduced graphene oxide (RGO) have been widely studied for usage in electrodes of SCs. Although pristine PANI electrodes have shown low cycling stability and graphene sheets can have low specific capacitance due to agglomeration during their preparation without a spacer, their synergetic effect can lead to high electrochemical properties of G/PANI composites. This review points out the best results for G/PANI composite in comparison to that of pristine PANI or graphene (or RGO). Various factors, such as the ratio between graphene and PANI, oxidants, time, and the temperature of chemical oxidative polymerization, which have been determined to influence the morphology, capacitance, cycling stability, etc. of the composite electrode materials measured in three-electrode system are discussed. Consequently, we provide an in-depth summary on diverse promising approaches of significant breakthroughs in recent years and provide strategies to choose suitable electrodes based on PANI and graphene.

Preparation and Characterization of PANI Surface Modified HMX/F2602 Microcapsule Composites

AbstractUsing HMX with a particle size of 1–10 μm as the main explosive, a dense polyaniline (PANI) shell was prepared on the surface of HMX/F2602 by in situ polymerization, and an energetic composite material HMX−F@PANI (HMX−F2602@PANI) with a microcapsule structure was constructed. The structure and properties of the samples were characterized by SEM, XRD, XPS, DSC, mechanical sensitivity and electrostatic spark sensitivity tests. The results showed that the chemical structure and polycrystalline morphology of the crystals did not change during the coating process, and remained β‐HMX. The preparation of PANI shell greatly improves the coating degree of the explosive surface and reduces the exposure of crystal. In addition, compared with HMX/F2602, HMX−F@PANI is more excellent in improving thermal stability and reducing the electrostatic spark sensitivity, which is attributed to the advantages of microcapsule structure and good electrical conductivity of PANI.

Study the Optical and Morphological Properties of Prepared PANI/TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanocomposites

Inorganic-organic hybrid materials are of the materials of interest to researchers for the purpose of developing them in this work. A hybrid material consisting of conductive polymer polyaniline (PANI) doped with dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) C18H30O3S with titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs ) was prepared by the direct chemical polymerization method, and then the optical and surface properties of the prepared materials were studied by UV-VIS spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy SEM , and Energy Dispersive X-Ray EDX. The EDX results confirm the presence of TiO2 in the composite material .The results clearly demonstrate that the composite films have good optical properties. As the content of TiO2 was increased in the polymer matrix, the shift of the optical absorption was observed.

Integrating SEI into Layered Conductive Polymer Coatings for Ultrastable Silicon Anodes.

Tackling the huge volume expansion of silicon (Si) anode desires a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) to prohibit the interfacial side reactions. Here, a layered conductive polyaniline (LCP) coating is built on Si nanoparticles to achieve high areal capacity and long lifespan. The conformal LCP coating stores electrolyte in interlamination spaces and directs an in situ formation of LCP-integrated hybrid SEI skin with uniform distribution of organic and inorganic components, enhancing the flexibility of the SEI to buffer the volume changes and maintaining homogeneous ion transport during cycling. As a result, the Si anode shows a remarkable cycling stability under high areal capacity (≈3mAhcm-2 ) after 150 cycles and good rate performance of 942mAhg-1 at 5 A g-1 . This work demonstrates the great potential of regulating the SEI properties by a layered polymer-directing SEI formation for the mechanical and electrochemical stabilization of Si anodes.

Proton Acid Doped Superior Capacitive Performances of Pseudocapacitance Electrodes for Energy Storage

AbstractIn this work, three‐dimensional (3D) nanostructures of polyaniline nano‐sheets, nano‐particles, nano‐nets and nano‐flowers were synthesized with valine, sulfuric acid, sodium acetate and L‐phenylalanine as doping acids, respectively. Conductive polyaniline with 3D nanostructure was proven as an excellent energy storage material because of its superior electrical properties and unique structure. The porous structure not only greatly improved the charge transfer efficiency and reduced the resistance, but also improved the cycle stability and energy storage of the electrode material. Polyaniline nano‐flowers doped with L‐phenylalanine (PANI‐NF) showed a maximum specific capacitance of 580 F g−1(I=0.5 A g−1), a maximum energy density of 53.9 Wh kg−1, and excellent cycle stability at high current density.