A novel, biocompatible nanostarch incorporated Polyaniline-Polyvinyl alcohol-Nanostarch hybrid scaffold for tissue engineering applications

Abstract

The current work trying to enhance a conductive hybrid Polyaniline(PANI)-Polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)-Nanostarch(NS) bionanocomposite with 1%, 2%, and 3% nanostarch as a biocompatible subtance for successful to apply tissue engineering. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Transmission Electron Microscopy with Selected Area Electron Diffraction were used to investigate the effect of NS at different concentrations (1%, 2%, and 3%) on PANI-PVA-NS bionanocomposite membranes. The presence of distinct functional groups and the chemical interaction associated with PANI-PVA-NS were demonstrated by FTIR spectra. The presence of NS in the PANI-PVA matrix was indicated by the XRD pattern, and there was a decrease in crystallinity. FESEM morphological investigations supported the porosity structure of the synthesised PANI-PVA-NS (1%, 2%, and 3%) bionanocomposite. TEM scans revealed that NS particles have a size of 53 nm. The mechanical examination supported that adding NS to PANI-PVA alteredtensile strength, young's modulus and elongation at break are 454.42 MPa, 906.23 MPa, and 321.18% respectively. The addition of NS into PANI-PVA enhanced the swelling degree by the range of 320% while keeping the slower degradation rate at around 45% by maintainingthe pH at 7.4. The in-vitro haemolytic experiment validated the hemocompatibility percentage of the bionanocompositewhich was less than 2%. Thermogravimetric measurements validated the thermal stability of the samples at a Tmax of 500 °C. The redox properties of the samples were examined using cyclic voltammetry studies. The antibacterial activity of bionanocomposite was investigated using gram-positive bacteria, Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus aureus, and gram-negative bacteria, Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli, and the results revealed an efficient zone of inhibition against all tested bacterial species. According to the studies, the developed bionanocomposite could be advantageous in tissue engineering applications.