Polyherbal Extract Research Articles

Biogenic silver nanoparticles of antibacterial activities for poly-herbal extracts in novel medicine

We are developed in the green activity of silver nitrate nanoparticles and are used materials of Mentha (M), Azadirachta indica (A) leaves, and have been implemented as the agent for stabilizing the poly-leaf extracts (LE) / pig liver acetone powder (PL) with complexes. An optimal extract absorption of LE/PL has been used in 500 mg then 200 mg individually, by attraction about 0.841%. Since the PL satisfied with an energetic mediator of the MA leaf extracts are 92.1667 ± 0.3626%. The antibacterial movement on made silver nanoparticles is Escherichia coli, then Staphylococcus aureus. These samples are calculated to additional the antimicrobial movement counter to verified in a pathogenic way in a gram of positive, negative with microbial and fungiform straining. It was made with fast production to Natural Garden Pest Control (non-toxic method) for the mixture of silver nanoparticles are showed hopeful to the movement of all the established microbial straining. The trend is improved through an augmented quantity echelon.

Screening of secondary metabolites and immunostimulation potential of poly herbal formoulation (Asparagus racemosus, Mucuna pruriens, Anacyclus pyrethrum and Tribulus terristeris) in Wistar Albino rats

Immune system is a defensive mechanism system which is responsible to defend against several foreign invading agents that harm individual health. It generates several types of cells which have ability to recognize, eliminate and kill all the undesirable agents. The immune system works by inhibition, multiplication, amplification, expression and induction response at different phases of immune system. Hence immunology is the most advance and recent biomedical research system which covers the prevention and treatment of wide range of medical disorders. In this study, Immunomodulatory activity of Polyherbal formulation was determined. First of all, plants methanolic extracts of Asparagus racemosus, Mucuna pruriens, Anacyclus pyrethrum, Tribulus terrestris were prepared. The methanolic extracts of each plant were taken separately in equal amount and mixed to prepare the Polyherbal formulation (PHF). Screening test was applied on PHF for quantitative analysis. Hemolytic activity, thrombolytic activity and antioxidant activity were determined on experimental animals. To demonstrate the effect of standard Immunol drug, CCl4 and polyherbal formulation extract on hematological parameters. The methanolic extract of PHF was dissolved in distilled water and the dose was selected at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight. Blood sample collected in EDTA as anticoagulant were processed to determine the effect of PHP on selected hematological parameters including hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell counts (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) count and Platelets count. Liver enzymes like transaminases (ALT and AST), uric acid, urea and creatinine were determined by automated photometric method to evaluate the drug safety. Serum samples were using for the estimation of Immunoglobulin M and Immunoglobulin G using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Further, the C-reactive protein (CRP) was also estimated using standard protocol. Phytochemical screening of methanolic extract of polyherbal formulation showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, phenols and cardiac glycosides. Bioactive constituent’s alkaloids, flavonoids and phenols were present in higher concentration. The maximum hemolysis was seen at a dose of 800μg/ml (40 ± 0.38). The methanolic extracts of PHF were investigated for its thrombolytic activity. Addition of 800μl of streptokinase as positive control (30,000 IU/ ml) to clots and successive incubation for 90 minutes at 37 oC showed 74.53±1.11% lysis of clot. Distilled water was considered as negative control which exhibit insignificant percentage of lysis of clot (3.74±0.51). In the study, the methanolic extract of PHF showed highest thrombolytic activity at 800μg/ml concentrations (41±0.38) when compared with streptokinase (positive control). When all the groups were compared the serum level ALT, AST, TAS, TOS and OSI 50 index, a statistically significant difference was observed between the groups. A variety of antioxidant function approaches have been suggested. During the study, it was found that induction of CCl4 increases the number of altered macrophages. However, the administration of Polyherbal extract in CCl4 intoxicated animals, the number of altered macrophages came to level. Administration of polyherbal formulation extract in control mice also showed significant reduction of changed macrophages. Immunomodulatory drugs are substances that can alter the immune function of an individual, are called immunostimulants if their immune responses are enhanced, or are called immunosuppressant’s if they decrease. These medications are most widely used in infections, allergies and cancer infections. Modern medical treatment is also far-reaching because of the economic limitations in developed countries including Pakistan. For immunomodular operations, just a few plants have been tested. The analysis indicates that many medicinal plants and marine products have immunomodulatory function, however there is little proof that their use in clinical practice is not allowed. In future work in herbal medicine, therefore, immunomodulatory agents should become more relevant.

Formulation and development of herbal microsponge sunscreen gel.

The endeavor of this study is to prepare and developed a method for microsponge gel as a polyherbal formulation along with their evaluation methods for sunscreen properties. Polyherbal extracts as an active component for preparing microsponge formulation used in ratio of a drug, i.e. Poly herbal extracts, ethyl cellulose used as polymer, Polyvinyl alcohol as an emulsifier present in the formulation was successfully obtained by using method quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion. The formulations prepared were considered for substantial characterization. The physical description of microsponge formulation, having a coating of Gel-3 exhibits more loading efficiency and production yield. The mentioned formulation of microsponge was formulated with the help of gel using carbopol and then test performed are pH, viscosity, spreadability, drug content, and in-vitro release. Most of the microsponge preparations are prepared by drug loading in it and the consequences are good to reproduce. The best formulation was prepared and then comparison study was done with one of the marketed simple gel of polyherbal extract and other one is microsponge loaded gel of polyherbal extract by using Franz diffusion cell. The release profile details about that the microsponge loaded gels are showing excellent release rate while comparing to simple marketed gel of polyherbal extract.

Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of the Polyherbal (Conocarpus lancifolius L., Capparis spinosa L. and Dodonaea viscosa) Extracts and Assessment of the Hypoglycaemia Effect in Diabetic Mice

Diabetes mellitus, often referred to simply as diabetes, is a chronic metabolic disorder due to the relativedeficiency of insulin secretion and varying degrees of insulin resistance. It is characterised by high circulatingglucose. Excessive levels of either molecular oxygen or Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) lead to an imbalancein the body’s normal oxidative metabolism that to leads to high glucose levels in the blood (hyperglycaemia),resulting in metabolic disturbances (oxidative stress) and chronic complications in diabetes. The presentstudy aims to estimate the antioxidant activity in diabetic mice induced via alloxan of a combination ofthree types of plant leaves (Conocarpus lancifolius L., Capparis spinosa L. and Dodonaea viscosa). Thetotal phenolic content using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and the antioxidant activity utilizing 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay were estimated. The effect of polyherbal formulation leaves extracts onserum glucose level was done on forty-two albino mice divided into six groups and treated with polyherbalextracts and metformin. The results of total phenolic content in the polyherbal leaves extracts was observed(15.52 mg\g) in the aqueous extracted samples, while the total phenolics content was (46.97mg\g) in themethanolic extract, and the antioxidant activity showed the methanolic extract was the highest free radicalscavenging activity (93.28%) than the aqueous extract (86.77%) in 10 mg/ml and approach to the artificialantioxidant Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) which was (93.67%). This study showed both extracts ofpolyherbal leaves did not induce lethality in mice when administered orally at a dose of 2000 mg/kg. on theother hand, Diabetic mice treated with methanolic extract at doses 200 and 400 mg/kg showed a significantdecrease (p<0.01) in serum glucose level after 35 days, which was 113.66 and 107.66 mg/dl respectively,and the aqueous extract was 124.66 and 117.00 mg/dl respectively when compared with the control positivegroup (324.00 mg/dl).

Traditional Medicinal Plants Conferring Protection Against Ovalbumin-Induced Asthma in Experimental Animals: A Review.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract in which the numerous immune cells, including eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, T-lymphocytes, mast cells and epithelial lining play key roles. The numerous anti-asthmatic drugs are available in modern medicine to treat asthma, but they have several disadvantages, including side effects and the cost variations, which compromise treatment compliance. The literature review reveals that traditional herbal medicines have good potential as alternative treatment and management for asthma. However, communities hesitated to use the traditional herbal medicines due to lack of established mechanism of action about their anti-asthmatic potential. The present review aimed to summarise the information stated in the literature about the potential effect of traditional medicinal plants (TMPs) conferring protection against ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model. The literature search was conducted in database like PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect. After screening through the literature from 2011 to date, a total of 27 medicinal plants and two polyherbal extracts have been reported to be used as traditional herbal medicines and also utilised to be tested against OVA-induced asthma, were included. We found them to be an important alternative source of treatment for asthma, since some have comparable efficacies with drugs commonly used in the modern system against asthma. All the reported medicinal plants confirmed their traditional use against asthma or its related inflammation. The present review provides faith in traditional information and also offers new insight into the potential of natural products against asthma.

The Role of Poly-Herbal Extract in Sodium Chloride-Induced Oxidative Stress and Hyperlipidemia in Male Wistar Rats.

Consistent consumption of high salt diet (HSD) has been associated with increased cellular generation of free radicals, which has been implicated in the derangement of some vital organs and etiology of cardiovascular disorders. This study was designed to investigate the combined effect of some commonly employed medicinal plants on serum lipid profile and antioxidant status of aorta, kidney, and liver of high salt diet-fed animals. Out of the total fifty male Wistar rats obtained, fifteen were used for acute toxicity study, while the remaining thirty-five were divided into 5 groups of 7 animals each. Group 1 and 2 animals were fed normal rat chow (NRC) and 16% high salt diet (HSD) only, respectively. Animals in groups 3, 4 and 5 were fed 16% HSD with 800, 400, and 200 mg/kg bw poly-herbal extract (PHE), respectively, once for 28 consecutive days. Serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione concentration, and activities were assessed in the aorta, kidney, and liver. Poly-herbal extract (p < 0.05) significantly reduced malondialdehyde and nitric oxide concentrations and also increased antioxidant enzymes and glutathione activity. Elevated serum TG, TC, LDL, and TC content in HSD-fed animals were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced to normal in PHE-treated rats while HDL was significantly elevated (p < 0.05) in a concentration-dependent manner in PHE treated animals. Feeding with PHE attenuated high-salt diet imposed derangement in serum lipid profile and antioxidant status in the organs of the experimental rats.

Formulation and Evaluation of in vitro antidiabetic Polyherbal tablets form some traditional used Herbs

The main objective of the project is to formulate and evaluate poly herbal anti diabetic tablet. Polyherbal antidiabetic formulation consists of six herbs viz., Nigella sativa (seed), Moringa oleifera (seed), Linum usitatissimum (seed), Trigonella foenum(seed), Cinnamum zeylanicum (bark) and Macrotyloma uniflorum (seed). Nine preliminary clumps of tablets were defined by fluctuating the organization off the excipient’s extents for phenomenal stream property. The mixed powder of each of the nine preliminary groups were investigated for its stream attributes like mass thickness, tapped thickness, compressibility file, Hausner's proportion and Angle of rest. Absolutely nine preliminaries of plan were completed utilizing various decisions of excipients thinking about various realities of assembling issues just as quality deformities as a top priority. Every one of the resultant plans were assessed for their stream property, consistency of filling, consistency of weight, dampness substance and breaking down time. The dried polyherbal remove was streamlined for its quality measures and its cluster consistency by making nine diverse preliminary clumps (Trial 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9). The preliminaries were exposed to preformulation boundaries to affirm the consistency and quality. The outcome presumes that the preliminary 9 was amazing in all boundaries and the qualities were found inside as far as possible and it was utilized for detail Polyherbal Tablet. The developed polyherbal Phytochemical study showed the presence of flavonoids in this formulation flavonoids, tannins phenolic compounds are by using qualitative phytochemicals anaylsis. The poly herbal tablets and extracts are subjected in to HPTLC analysis estimation of Quercetin and rutin. This may be responsible for the potent anti-diabetic activity. The in vitro antidiabetic activity of tablets was evaluated by glucose uptake assay by using 3T3 Cell line. Further investigations are suggested for solidness concentrates in the detailed polyherbal tablet and furthermore clinical preliminaries need to act in future in Human Volunteers.

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Analysis and Phytochemical Screening of Polyherbal Aqueous Leaves Extract (PALE)

Background: Polyherbal plant extracts which usually comprise of two or more plant parts often contain a wide array of key phytoactive constituents relevant in attaining greater therapeutic efficacy. The active constituents derived from individual plants are insufficient to provide attractive pharmacological action when compared to a combination of multiple herbs.&#x0D; Objective: To conduct phytochemical screening of polyherbal aqueous leaf extracts (PALE) and analysis of compounds present in it by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).&#x0D; Materials and Methods: The polyherbal extract was prepared from the combined aqueous extracts of leaves of Alchornea cordifolia, Sorghum bicolor and Pennisetum glaucum using ratio 1:1:1 w/v. Phytochemical screening was done via standard analytical methods. The identification and characterization of compounds by GC-MS analysis was performed on gas chromatography system coupled with mass spectrometry.&#x0D; Results: The phytochemical analysis of PALE revealed the presence of phenols, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins in varying quantities. GC-MS analysis of the extract depicts the presence of key bioactive compounds. Thirty-two bioactive compounds were identified with various retention time and % peaks. The major compounds identified in terms of % peak area are n-Hexadecanoic acid (6.72), Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (7.28), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (16.54) and 9-Octadecenoic acid ethyl ester (12.92). Disulfide, dimethyl (0.04), 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol (0.28), 1-Dodecanol (0.85), 10-Phenyldecanoic acid (0.12), 1-Hexadecanol (0.75), Methoxyacetic acid, pentadecyl ester (0.27), 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, phenylmethyl ester (0.16), Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) (1.09), were among the minor compounds identified in the extract. From the study, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid indicated the highest peak with a retention time of 20.556 minutes and % peak area of 16.54%.&#x0D; Conclusion: The presence of the revealed bioactive constituents in PALE may suggest its nutraceutical, pharmacological and therapeutic relevance. Therefore, in view of the medicinal importance associated with the observed bioactive constituents, further studies on the toxicity level of the extract is advised subsequently.

PHYTOCHEMICAL, FLUORESCENCE AND ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION OF POLY HERBAL EXTRACT

Background and Objectives: Natural products and traditional medicines are of great importance. Such forms of medicine as traditional Chinese medicine, Ayurveda, Kampo, traditional Korean medicine, and Unani havebeen practiced in some areas of the world and have blossomed into orderly-regulated systems of medicine. Allium sativum L., crude drug (Liliaceae) used as herbal medicine to treat hyperglycemia, cancer, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, stress and infections. Malus domestica B., fruit (Rosaceae) possess antioxidant, antiproliferative, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity and used for the treatment and prevention of asthma, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Capsicum annum L., crude drug (Solanaceae) is used as anti-diabetic, anti cancer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective and antimicrobial agent. Foeniculum vulgare M., crude drug (Apiaceae) is used as antioxidant, antimicrobial, bronchodilatory, estrogenic, diuretic, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective and hypotensive agent. Curcuma longa L., crude drug (Zingiberaceae) is used various biological actions including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, antifertility, antidiabetic, anticoagulant, antiulcer and antimicrobial.&#x0D; Methodology: In the current study these five medicinal plants were purchased, authenticated and extracted by method of maceration. In this research work phytochemical screening, fluorescence analysis, antimicrobial (disc diffusion method) for both antibacterial (gram positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Micrococcus lutes and gram-negative bacteria such as Serratia marcescens and Escherichia coli) and antifungal (Candida albican, and Aspergillus flavus), activity was performed in comparison with ciprofloxacin (standard disc for bacteria) and nystatin (standard disc for fungus).&#x0D; Results: Phytochemical evaluation indicates the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, phenol, resin and saponins. The poly herbal extract is moderately effective against gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus lutes), active against gram negative bacteria (Serratia marcescens and Escherichia coli) and is less susceptible against Bacillus subtilis. It is active against Aspergillus flavus and Candida albican.&#x0D; Conclusion: The medicinal plants are effective to provide defense against microorganisms.

Formulation and characterization of gallic acid and quercetin chitosan nanoparticles for sustained release in treating colorectal cancer

Cancer was ranked as the second leading cause of death, and colon cancer is recognized as third most common cancer worldwide with high morbidity and mortality. Chemotherapeutic drugs act on normal and cancerous cells similarly; therefore, they have various adverse side effects. The present study was undertaken synergistic effect of anticancer phytochemicals gallic acid isolated from amla fruit and quercetin isolated from peels of pomegranate fruit incorporated into chitosan have been used as nanoplatform for the targeted delivery to colorectal cancer. The study was evaluated using cytotoxic assay such as MTT assay and in-vivo studies were performed on DMH induced colorectal cancer in Wistar rats. Identification of the biomolecules was performed by using different chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, as 1H NMR, GC-MS, LC-MS, and HPTLC. Characterization of chitosan (CS) nanoparticles carried out by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), entrapment efficiency and In vitro drug release confirmed successful encapsulation of biomolecules into nanoparticles. A significant change in aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in CS nanoparticles compared to polyherbal extract were observed, with a decrease in the colonic glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase levels and values differed significantly (P < 0.005).

Nanovesicle Ethosome: A Potential Carrier of Microwave Assisted Polyherbal Extracts as Cosmecueticals

Background::Deep rooted mission for long life and having a sound skin has apparently achieved uncommon statures in our time of stamped populace maturing, aging alludes to the different procedures of mileage that influence us ceaselessly. Therefore, three primary ideal models such as ‘packed dismalness’, ‘decelerated maturing’ and ‘captured maturing’ are recognized in organic research on ageing. Various examinations have announced that ceaseless introduction to receptive free radicals can invigorate skin maturing and that over the top fat testimony can cause a hindered skin hindrance and tissue structure modifications.Objectives::Safe and effective formulations deliver active substances to the desired site of action with negligible discomfort and side effects. Herbal cosmetics have a restorative effect and are an important endowment of nature. Different innovative advances have been created to beat the problems raised in the penetration of cosmetic ingredients. One such procedure is the utilization of ethosomes.Methods::Development product of liposome have less ethanol content. Ethosomes are mainly the transdermal course of medication which facilitates good skin penetration. It can be used for developing various cosmeceuticals to overcome various skin ailments.Conclusion::Ethosomes are nanophospholipid vesicular systems of an average size of 1.112 micrometre produced by combinations of phospholipid, ethanol, and water. Clitorea ternatea separates are usually utilized in the traditional system of medicine as a restoring formula. Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn has various medical advantages and physiological characteristics taken together; our findings may provide scientific evidence supporting the development of various cosmetic preparations.

Evaluation of polyherbal feed supplement (Ban-V) on the enhancement of growth and non-specific immune responses in shrimp Penaeus vannamei

Owing to the growing need for eco-friendly aquaculture, usage of herbal feed supplement receives higher attention. A commercial shrimp feed supplement known as Ban-V is a unique blend of polyherbal extracts that act synergistically with each other to help in improving the immune system, protects hepatopancreas and activates several metabolic pathways for better growth and disease resistance. For that, four supplemental concentrations such as 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 % of Ban-V were used along with commercial shrimp feed, and feed with no supplement (control) were evaluated for 60 days. Results revealed that 2.0% of Ban-V diet fed group showed significantly increased biological performance like (average body weight, average daily growth, feed conversion ratio and survival rate) than control. The tested immunological parameters such as total haemocyte count, oxyhaemocyanin level, phenoloxidase (PO) activity, respiratory burst activity (RB), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lysozyme activity, plasma protein content (PPC) and bactericidal activity were higher in 2.0% test diet fed P. vannamei, when compared to other test and control diet fed shrimp. It is therefore suggested that Ban-V supplementation at a concentration of 2.0% was efficient in stimulating the growth and immunity in shrimp.

Biofabricated Fatty Acids-Capped Silver Nanoparticles as Potential Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antibiofilm and Anticancer Agents.

The current study demonstrates the synthesis of fatty acids (FAs) capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous poly-herbal drug Liv52 extract (PLE) as a reducing, dispersing and stabilizing agent. The NPs were characterized by various techniques and used to investigate their potent antibacterial, antibiofilm, antifungal and anticancer activities. GC-MS analysis of PLE shows a total of 37 peaks for a variety of bio-actives compounds. Amongst them, n-hexadecanoic acid (21.95%), linoleic acid (20.45%), oleic acid (18.01%) and stearic acid (13.99%) were found predominately and most likely acted as reducing, stabilizing and encapsulation FAs in LIV-AgNPs formation. FTIR analysis of LIV-AgNPs shows some other functional bio-actives like proteins, sugars and alkenes in the soft PLE corona. The zone of inhibition was 10.0 ± 2.2–18.5 ± 1.0 mm, 10.5 ± 2.5–22.5 ± 1.5 mm and 13.7 ± 1.0–16.5 ± 1.2 against P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and C. albicans, respectively. LIV-AgNPs inhibit biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner i.e., 54.4 ± 3.1%—10.12 ± 2.3% (S. aureus), 72.7 ± 2.2%–23.3 ± 5.2% (P. aeruginosa) and 85.4 ± 3.3%–25.6 ± 2.2% (C. albicans), and SEM analysis of treated planktonic cells and their biofilm biomass validated the fitness of LIV-AgNPs in future nanoantibiotics. In addition, as prepared FAs rich PLE capped AgNPs have also exhibited significant (p < 0.05 *) antiproliferative activity against cultured HCT-116 cells. Overall, this is a very first demonstration on employment of FAs rich PLE for the synthesis of highly dispersible, stable and uniform sized AgNPs and their antibacterial, antifungal, antibiofilm and anticancer efficacy.

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inhibition of cystathionine-γ-lyase-mediated hydrogen sulfide production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages by polyherbal extract&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

The polyherbal formulation chandraprabha vati (CV) comprising 29 herbs is traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory agent for arthritis and urinary ailments in Indian Siddha medicine. Earlier, we reported that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced apoptosis in RAW 264.7 macrophages is mediated by hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), a potential target for many inflammatory diseases. Here, we hypothesized that pretreatment with CV decreases H 2 S level and thereby alleviate the inflammatory conditions induced by LPS in RAW 264.7 macrophages, and this protective effect occurs through alterations in cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE), a H 2 S synthesizing enzyme. Accordingly, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of CV in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages in vitro . The CV pretreatment followed by 12 h of LPS-stimulation showed significantly decreased TNF-α, H 2 S production possibly through CSE gene expression and NF-кB activation compared to the non pretreated macrophages. Our results further confirm that the polyherbal extract chandraprabha vati may be a useful therapy for inflammatory disorders by reducing H 2 S levels.

Effect of Co-Administration of Herbal Extracts with Copper Nanoparticles: A Novel Two-Pronged Approach in Treating Type 2 Diabetes

Aim: Evaluation of antidiabetic potential of polyherbal formulation containing copper nanoparticles. Background: Copper, popularly known as “Tamra”, is well known for its use as Bhasma (incinerated powder) in Ayurveda herbal preparations in Indian traditional system of medicine. Further, Trigonella foenum- graecum, Allium sativum, Aloe vera and Phyllanthus niruri leaves are extensively cultivated in all parts of India and are well known to possess antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic properties. Objective: The objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of administration of incinerated copper nanoparticle alone, polyherbal extracts of four herbs alone and combination of incinerated copper nanoparticles-polyherbal extracts on streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Copper nanoparticles were prepared by media milling of incinerated copper powder using a combination of Glycyrrhiza glabra and gum acacia as stabilizers. Aqueous extracts of Trigonella foenum seeds, Allium sativum bulbs, Aloe vera and Phyllanthus niruri leaves were prepared. The study was carried out for 28 days after drug administration. Blood glucose levels, body weight, haemoglobin, biochemical parameters of blood and antioxidant levels and histopathological parameters of liver, kidney and pancreas were studied. Results: The study revealed improvement in body weight and reduction in serum glucose level in rats that have been administered polyherbal extracts alone, copper nanoparticles alone and combination of polyherbal extract and copper nanoparticles as compared to those treated with streptozotocin only (diabetic rats). However, the response was found to be significantly less in case of rats of those groups, which were given either the extracts alone or nanoparticles alone compared to that in the animals of groups that were administered a combination therapy. Significant improvement in all the responses was observed in rats treated with high doses of copper nanoparticles as compared to those with lower dose. Maximum improvement in body weight and reduction in blood glucose was found in case of rats which were administered with 670 mg/kg polyherbal extract (low dose) + 3.5 mg/kg copper nanoparticles (high dose). This was followed by rats which were given the lower dose of combination therapy. Values of total haemoglobin, triglycerides, HDL, total cholesterol, VLDL, SGOT, SGPT, ALP, serum creatinine content, urea, and antioxidant levels of rats of group IX were almost similar to that of normal rats and glibenclamide treated rats (control). Conclusion: The results from the study clearly indicated protective effect of co-administration of copper nanoparticles and polyherbal extracts for effective treatment of diabetes over copper nanoparticles and polyherbal extracts alone.

Antidiabetic potential and metabolite profiling of biotransformed polyherbal extract using Wickerhamomyces anomalus strain(MTCC-4133)

Biochemical transformation is a green and efficient strategy that can be of help in case of potentiation of herbal treatments. Diabetes requires daily therapeutic interventions and the use of herbals can be safe and effective alternative however higher doses of herbs can cause much inconvenience. The potentiation of polyherbal combinations to reduce the dosage can be an attractive approach.The present study explored the biochemical transformation of a polyherbal extract derived from Syzygium cumini seed, Mangifera indica seed kernel, Momordica charantia fruit and Gymnema sylvestre leaf using Wickerhamomyces anomalus. The polyherbal extract was chromatographed and evaluated for antidiabetic potential, Pre and Post fermentation. Also, the fermentation kinetics was assessed as W. anomalus can produce ethanol which can be self-limiting.The extract produced no behavioral or physical changes in animals, confirming the safety in acute toxic exposure. The chromatographic analysis showed good presence of Hesperidin, Mangiferin and Corilagin in non-fermented extract which was significantly reduced and content of Apigenin, Luteolin, Quercetin, kaempferol and Isorhamnetin were increased after fermentation. The polyherbal extract showed good antidiabetic activity however fermented polyherbal extract showed a similar effect at half the dosage. The effects are also corroborated by histological studies.

Development of polyherbal formulation and evaluation of its diuretic activity in rats

An attempt was made in this study to investigate the diuretic activity of an ethanolic extract of a polyherbal formulation containing four drugs: seeds of Coriandrum sativum, buds of Syzigium aromaticum, leaves of Ocimum sanctum, and curcumin (Curcuma longa), as well as leaves of Syzigium aromaticum. According to the findings of this investigation, the extract of a polyherbal formulation (including seeds of Coriandrum sativum, buds and leaves of Syzigium aromaticum &amp; leaves of Ocimum sanctum, and Curcuma longa) possessed substantial activity. Various quantities of Polyherbal formulations (200 and 400 mg/kg), furosemide (10 mg/kg), and vehicle were given orally to rats (n = 6 animals per group), and the urine output was collected after 24 hours. All concentrations of Polyherbal formulation exhibited a dose-dependent relationship when compared to the control animals in the study. According to the findings of this study, the Polyherbal formulations have significant diuretic effect in rats when tested in the above-mentioned experimental model. That polyherbal formulation extract has such potent effect may be due to their ability to stimulate the excretion of Na+, K+, and Cl- concentrations in urine while also increasing the amount of urine excreted by the body. As diuretics, medicinal herbs are a key source of supply. When it comes to diuretics, both mono- and poly-herbal formulations have been employed successfully.

Antiobesity and Antidiabetic Effects of Polyherbal Extract with Atractylodis Rhizoma, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, Cinnamomi Cortex, and Moutan Radicles Cortex in High Fat Diet-induced Obesity Mice

Antiobesity and Antidiabetic Effects of Polyherbal Extract with Atractylodis Rhizoma, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, Cinnamomi Cortex, and Moutan Radicles Cortex in High Fat Diet-induced Obesity Mice

Evaluation of toxicity profile and pharmacological potentials of Aju Mbaise polyherbal extract in rats

Aju Mbaise polyherbal extract (APE) is used in Southeast Nigeria by many women to enhance labour, remove retained placenta after delivery, and for managing pains from postnatal and menstrual cramps. This study investigated the toxicity and the pharmacological activities of APE in Wistar rats. A single dose of 5000 mg/kg APE was orally administered to the mice for acute toxicity study. In the subacute toxicity, forty female rats (10/group) received 0.25 mL distilled water, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of APE respectively for 28 days. For analgesic (50 rats) and anti-inflammatory investigations (25 rats), were randomly grouped into 5 respectively. Group 1 rats received 0.2 mL normal saline. Group 2 received 100 mg/kg of aspirin while groups 3, 4 and 5 received 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight of APE respectively. The biochemical parameters, in vitro osmotic fragility, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated. The LD50 of APE was > 5000 mg/kg. Oral intake of APE did not cause body weight retardation. Various doses of APE significantly increased (p<0.05) high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Again, there were slight elevations within the reference limits in creatinine, urea, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in test groups. APE had a lower percentage hemolysis value compared to aspirin and significantly lowered onset time and number of writhes in the pretreated groups. The results of this study establish the acclaimed usage of APE in the management of post-delivery and menstrual cramps. However, prolonged treatment with APE above 400 mg/kg may lead to hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects. Therefore, lower doses of APE should only be used for therapeutic purpose.

Assessment of Some Biochemical Changes in Wistar Rats Following Administration of Three Polyherbal Preparations Repurposed for COVID-19

Background and Aims: The current pandemic known as Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is a significant public health menace. Currently, there is no specific treatment for this disease, although some medicinal agents are under investigation. Some published articles have reported Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) involvement in other organs, including the liver and kidneys, which can impair the metabolism and excretion of the medications taken to treat the disease. This study evaluated the effects of 3 herbal mixtures on some biochemical parameters of the liver and kidney of laboratory animals.&#x0D; Methods: Liver enzymes such as serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, albumin and total serum protein were quantified. Urea, creatinine and bilirubin (total and direct) were also evaluated. These parameters were determined for all three polyherbal combinations (CoV Pla-1, CoV Pla-2, CoV Pla-3).&#x0D; Results: The extracts did not produce any mortality up to 5000 mg/kg per oral. Results showed that the polyherbal extracts (CoV Pla-1, CoV Pla-2 CoV Pla-3) did not cause any significant changes in ALT, AST, ALP, compared to control. The mean values of urea showed an insignificant (P&gt;0.05) decrease across all test doses in the three extracts, compared to the control. In the current study, the mean creatinine concentration showed slight decrease across all three extracts. Total protein was observed to be lower in CoV Pla-1 and CoV Pla-2, and increased in CoV Pla-3, though these changes were not statistically significant. Serum albumin decreased at the low and intermediate doses for the three polyherbal extracts in an insignificant manner compared to control.&#x0D; Conclusion: The results obtained in this study indicate that the extracts did not cause significant changes in biochemical parameters evaluated and support their use in the treatment of Covid-19.