Pollution Prevention System Research Articles

Does Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Promote Corporate Sustainable Development? A Quasi-Natural Experiment of “10-Point Soil Plan” in China

The Action Plan for Soil Pollution Prevention and Control (“10-point Soil Plan”) provides the top-level design for soil environmental protection in China and motivates heavy polluters to participate in soil pollution prevention and control. Using a sample of Chinese-listed firms with key soil pollution regulation from 2013 to 2020, this study utilized the Difference-in-Differences method to analyze the effect and mechanism of the “10-point Soil Plan” on corporate sustainable development. The “10-point Soil Plan” significantly promoted corporate sustainability via debt vacating and cash defense effects. However, this policy failed to achieve innovation compensation. Further, the promotion of corporate sustainability via the “10-point Soil Plan” is more significant in state-owned and large enterprises and depends on the intensity of local environmental regulations. This study provides a valuable reference for government and corporates to actively implement soil pollution prevention and control measures, which complements the systematic study of soil environmental planning and helps China integrate soil environmental planning with water and air environmental planning to build a comprehensive pollution prevention system.

Environmental Management Systems and Manufacturing Companies' Performance in Nigeria

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the environmental management systems and environmental performance of manufacturing firms in Abuja City, Nigeria.
 Methodology: The study adopted a longitudinal research design that was descriptive in nature. Stratified sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 88 respondents who were employees of the manufacturing firms in Abuja City, Nigeria. Structured questionnaires with open and closed ended questions were used as instruments of data collection.
 Findings: The findings of this study revealed that there was a positive statistical correlation between green manufacturing systems, pollution prevention systems, management systems and pollution control systems and environmental performance of manufacturing firms in Abuja City, Nigeria.
 Conclusion: The study concluded that environmental management systems have become drivers of competitive organizations in the changing business environment.
 Recommendation: The study recommended that manufacturing companies should ensure that employees are trained on ISO 14001 regulations, appropriate technology is adopted and industry partnership is based on best environmental practices rather than on the sole revenues gain objective.

Efficient Nonlinear Optimization Algorithm Based on Water Pollution Prevention System

Efficient Nonlinear Optimization Algorithm Based on Water Pollution Prevention System

Analysis on Supervision of Oil Pollution Prevention System for Inland Vessels

Analysis on Supervision of Oil Pollution Prevention System for Inland Vessels

Construction of Urban Water Source Circulating Water Pollution Prevention System Based on Semi-supervised Learning and Bayesian Algorithm

Construction of Urban Water Source Circulating Water Pollution Prevention System Based on Semi-supervised Learning and Bayesian Algorithm

Uticaj tržišnih cena električne energije na isplativost buduće reverzibilne hidroelektrane u Srbiji

Deregulation in the power sector, liberalization of the electricity market, tendency to connect markets across Europe, introduction of incentives for construction and use of renewable energy sources (RES) and - consequently - their increasing presence in electricity systems, have taken a decisive impact on wholesale electricity prices. In addition, the introduction of CO2 taxes has further increased overall electricity prices. On the other hand, it reduced the profits of fossil fuel thermal power plants (TPPs). Also, in order to meet the prescribed requirements in the field of environmental protection, TPPs must apply pollution prevention systems that are very expensive, both in terms of investment and exploitation. As an alternative, investments in the hydro sector should be considered. However, this option is characterized by other issues; In contrast to the long-term construction and exploitation of hydro capacity, there are fluctuations in electricity prices on the day-ahead market which affect the work schedule and revenues of these facilities. To investigate this problem, hourly and daily prices in the regional electricity market were analysed. Trends in wholesale electricity prices on the day-ahead market have been determined. Their relevant values were estimated and used as one of the sets of input data for cost-benefit analysis and sensitivity analysis of the case study - future reversible hydropower plant (RHPP) "Bistrica". The impact of fluctuations in electricity prices on the day-ahead market was emphasized. The aim of this research was to draw a conclusion as to whether the movement of these prices is in favour of the construction of possible RHPPs in Serbia. Based on the conducted analyses, it can be concluded that the upward trend in the level of wholesale electricity prices (which began in 2019 and is expected to continue in the future considering the EU regulatory policy regarding CO2 emissions taxes) may positively affect the profitability of investment in RHE Bistrica (i.e. to shorten the payback period), but not so dramatically, since with the increase in electricity prices, the costs for pumping also increase.

Exploration on Fuzzy Control in Water Pollution Prevention System and Computer-aided Model Construction

Exploration on Fuzzy Control in Water Pollution Prevention System and Computer-aided Model Construction

Assessing the Impacts of Best Management Practices on Nonpoint Source Pollution Considering Cost-Effectiveness in the Source Area of the Liao River, China

Agricultural nonpoint source pollution has been a major influential factor on the deterioration of water quality in the Liao River source area. Best management practices (BMPs), as a comprehensive pollution prevention system designed to reduce the impacts of agricultural activities and improve water quality, has been considered one of the most effective solutions for nonpoint source pollution control. However, economic cost has been an important element for screening the implementation of BMPs. Both pollution reduction and capital expenditure need to be resolved with the actual situation. A water quality model such as the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and empirical cost algorithm are important tools to assess the cost-effectiveness of the effects of BMPs on nonpoint source pollution. In this study, BMP scenarios including buffer strips (BSs), fertilizer reduction (FR), forest land increase (FLI), grassland increase (GLI), and their combination were implemented using the SWAT model; furthermore, the efficiency of their pollutants reduction and costs benefit were estimated in the watershed. The results showed that combined BMPs have better control effects than a single BMP, with “BS20 (widths 20 m) + FR15 (fertilization reduction 15%) + FLI (forest land increase)” arriving at the greatest loads reduction in the critical periods. From environmental and economic perspectives, the cost-effectiveness of interception measures is higher than that of the source control measures. The results indicated that BS was the most environmentally friendly practice, and FR was the most economically efficient out of all the BMPs. Regarding land-use changes, FLI was more environmentally friendly, and GLI was more economically efficient. The most economical and effective BMPs can be designated as follows: BS1.5 (widths 1.5 m) and FR15 (fertilization reduction 15%). Therefore, due to possible differences in government policies, it is important to consider an integrated approach for all the relevant actors and seek sustainable environmental and economic development.

A Study on Problems and Improvement of Groundwater Pollution Prevention System in “Groundwater Act”

A Study on Problems and Improvement of Groundwater Pollution Prevention System in “Groundwater Act”

Taiwan's legal framework for marine pollution control and responses to marine oil spills and its implementation on T.S. Taipei cargo shipwreck salvage

Many shipwreck events occur in the neighboring areas of Taiwan due to the volume of maritime traffic and geographical conditions around Taiwan. The oil spills from such events can be devastating for the surrounding sea and coastal areas. The government realized the importance of marine pollution prevention and enforced the Marine Pollution Control Act and the Major Marine Oil Pollution Emergency Response Plan to mitigate the impact of oil spill pollution. The T.S. Taipei shipwreck highlighted the effectiveness of the national marine pollution prevention system. Inter-departmental cooperation and collaboration with private sectors are the keys for effective response. This article is the first detailed documentation of an oil spill response for a maritime incident from the beginning to the final termination of shipwreck removal. It shows the people in Taiwan intend to collaborate with other states to make a significant contribution to marine environment conservation and sustainability.

Environmental monitoring using a robotized wireless sensor network

Big cities and growing industrial areas bring high risk of different kinds of pollutions which would implicate to the quality of life of the society. Discovering and monitoring of polluted areas using autonomous mobile robots is nowadays a frequently considered solution concerning both environmental and human safety problems. Being part of a distributed control system, such robots can help to improve the efficiency of the existing conventional pollution prevention systems. On the other hand, during the last decade, wireless sensor networks (WSN) have provoked the interest of specialists from different areas by imposing a large number of theoretical and practical challenges related to their implementation. This paper attempts to deal with both issues by presenting a possible way for building robotized WSNs that can be suitable for solving different environmental monitoring tasks. The goal is to transform the WSN into an adaptive sensor system with intelligent behavior that can be used to discover and track spots or areas where given monitored environmental parameters violate defined thresholds. The inclusion of robotized agents into the WSN structure can provide additional flexibility with respect to the installation of the network sensors and allow reliable information gathering and transfer. The proposed algorithmic methods have been tested on a pre-built laboratory prototype of a robotized WSN. The robotized agents (mobile network nodes) have been built using iRobot Create mobile platforms that are additionally equipped with a single-chip computers Gumstix Verdex pro TM XL6P with various expansion modules.

Joint disposals of multi-source water resources for rehabilitating healthy water cycle in Lake Dianchi Basin

河湖生态用水被挤占并严重短缺是滇池水污染严重和恶化趋势难以遏制的根本原因之一.在对滇池流域自然人工二元水循环结构剖析的基础上，结合滇池治理六大工程实施现状及存在问题，以水资源的高效配置和循环利用为核心，提出了重构滇池流域健康水循环的总体框架.在水资源模拟系统MIKE BASIN平台上，通过水力联系将环湖截污、外流域调水与节水、入湖河道整治、农业农村面源治理、生态修复、生态清淤等整合为一个有机整体，以恢复流域自然水系循环为目标，将外流域引调水与本区水库水、滇池水、地下水、城市再生水等多源水资源进行水量和水质统一配置，得到滇池流域水资源总体配置方案.结果表明：在牛栏江向滇池年均补水5.72亿m³的前提下，昆明城市尾水可以全部直接外排至下游作为工业用水，削减滇池入湖污染负荷，从而加速滇池生态环境修复的进程.;Ecological water of Lake Dianchi and its inflowing rivers has been occupied and experiences serious shortage, which is one of the fundamental causes of serious water pollution with worsening trend and difficult to be constrained. Based on the analysis of natural-social dualistic water cycles, together with the construction of the water pollution prevention system in the basin,this paper presents a framework of healthy water cycle and takes MIKE BASIN as the simulation platform to integrate lake sewage interception, in-lake ecological restoration, lakebed sludge dredging, agricultural non-point sources management, and inflowing river renovation as an organic whole. Centred on the guarantee of residential water, industrial water, irrigation water and ecological water, joint disposals of multi-source water resources are adopted to meet the water demands of Lake Dianchi and its inflowing rivers. Moreover, function orientation of urban river clarifies the route of sewage treatment and circulating utilization. Taking water balance of Lake Dianchi as a premise, the tail water of the municipal sewage of Kunming City is supposed to discharge outside the basin as far as possible. Simulated results indicate that if multi-year average 5.72×10⁸ m³ water is transferred to Lake Dianchi, all recycled water may be deployed towards the downstream Anning-Fumin industrial corridor as industrial water.

Solar Powered Electro-Bio-Stabilization of Soil with Ammonium Pollution Prevention System

Abstract This technical note aims to show the utility of solar energy coupled by electrobiogrouting as an environmentally friendly source of energy and prevent disposal of Ammonium in soil for the successful application of bacteria for soil improvement. A small-scale column electrokinetic cell was set up to inject carbonate-producing bacteria into the soil. Also, a solar power supply was utilized to generate a dc voltage of around 35 V for different treatment times. The results showed that the application of the concentrated solar-powered electro-microbiologically induced calcium carbonate precipitation (CSP-E-MICP) method to the soil increased the unconfined compressive strength of the soil at different curing time. The results of this experiment revealed that the unconfined shear strength of the soil increased due to the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation between the soil particles. In this method, the ammonium (NH4+) was retained in the cathode chamber by the graphite cathode electrode, and the pollution prevention system minimized the leakage of NH4+ ions into the soil.

Perimeter Detection and Surveillance of Polluted Areas by Robotized Agents in a Hybrid Wireless Sensor Network

Abstract: Perimeter detection and surveillance by autonomous agents in the form of autonomous robots has become one of the most used solutions concerning both environmental and human safety problems. Being part of distributed control systems, such robots support conventional pollution prevention systems. On the other hand, in the last decade wireless sensor networks (WSN) have provoked the interest of specialists from different areas by imposing a large number of theoretical and practical challenges related to their implementation. This paper presents a possible way for inclusion of mobile robots into a hybrid WSN structure, that can be suitable for solving pollution area detection and surveillance issues. The goal is to transform the WSN network into an adaptive sensor system with intelligent behavior which can be used to discover and track the perimeter of spots or areas where given monitored environmental parameters violate defined thresholds. A robotized agent can provide flexibility with respect to the installation of the network sensors and allow reliable information gathering and transfer. The proposed algorithmic method has been tested on a pre-built laboratory prototype of a hybrid WSN. The robotized agents (mobile nodes) in its structure have been built using nonholonomic autonomous wheeled mobile robots iRobot Create equipped additionally with a single-chip computer Gumstix Verdex pro TM XL6P with various expansion modules.

The New Orientation of Discharge Permit System in the Environmental Management System

The discharge permit system has been implemented for more than 20 years in China. Although some rules of discharge permit system can be found in laws and administrative rules and regulations, the discharge permit system has just been carried out as a pilot policy in some provinces. The discharge permit system only serves as a complementary measure of emissions reporting, registration system and total amount control system, while its important position in pollution management policies is still unclear. In fact, it can reduce the transaction cost by defining the property rights, to solve the problems of “free riders” and externalities in the first place. However, the pollution prevention system in China mostly works at a certain stage, with the lack of cohesion and connection. To problems existing in the environmental management, we should take advantage of the discharge permit system, and integrate the current environmental management system. The goal of atmospheric administration is better air quality, better public health, better public welfare, and better production capacity. To achieve this goal, we not only need to control total emissions, but also need to build continuously emission standards. Through the establishment of the atmospheric emission permit system, some of existing loose jumbled, high cost, inefficient management policies can be integrated together, which can benefit the improvement of the air quality, the reduction of the management cost and the increase of the management efficiency.The discharge permit system was first implemented in Sweden, after years of practice, its role in environmental management gains recognition. The discharge permit system in developed countries gradually became the pillar of pollution prevention, and became more institutionalized and normalized. The discharge permit system in China was first implemented in 1987, but our country doesn’t have a law of discharge permit system until now, and we have a certain gap with USA, Germany in emissions trading.

An Analysis of Preventing from Oil Pollution in a Marine Environment using the Dynamical Simulation Model

Oil pollution, which is a major cause to change for the worse of the marine environment, occurs mainly by the accidents such as oil spill during the loading / unloading of tankers at berth and due to tanker strandings or collisions.The damage to the ecological systems and the trouble to the socio-economic balance of local comunity might be caused by the wrong choice of countermeasures to prevent from spreading the spilt oil. Therefore, the prevention systems of oil polution have to be evaluated accurately.Oil pollution is regarded as an very complicated problem due to the many governing factors of which the condition changes rapidly with time. Thus, a dynamical simulation analysis model based on the system dynamics is constructed, in which the conditions due to weathering, diffusion, oil collection process by pollution prevention systems and so on, are considered. As a practical example, a precedent oil spill caused by a tanker collision at sea is analyzed using the proposed dynamical simulation model.

RESEARCH ON MARINE POLLUTION, PREVENTION, AND RESPONSE IN SHENZHEN, CHINA1

ABSTRACT Shenzhen is situated near Hong Kong. About ten years ago, two harbors, Shekou and Yantian, located in the west and east of Shenzhen respectively, were under construction. Harbors and facilities have been planned by industries, while environmental concerns have been more or less neglected. A “Report of Research on the Feasibility of a Marine Pollution Prevention System for Seaports in Shenzhen” was discussed in May 1993 in Shenzhen. This paper describes the main elements of that program, including an oil spill monitoring and control system, contingency planning for oil spill response, and cooperation among industries and government in dealing with marine pollution. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how concern for the environment should be established from the beginning in constructing a seaport. Finally, the end of this paper presents lessons learned, concerning the financial support of oil pollution response facilities, management problems and their countermeasures, implementation of international conventions on marine pollution prevention, and the importance of port state control. These lessons may be helpful for developing countries in planning their seaports to achieve better environmental protection.

Spill Prevention in Offshore Petroleum Producing Facilities

ABSTRACT Blowout prevention and pollution control in offshore petroleum operations are of prime concern to Industry, Government and the public. This paper reviews spill prevention equipment and procedures used in offshore oil production and discusses Exxon Company, U.S.A. and Industry programs to achieve maximum protection. Several pollution prevention systems are utilized. Subsurface safety valves shut in the wells below the mud line if an emergency develops. Surface safety valves on each well provide automatic shut-in if an abnormal condition is detected by one of a large number of platform sensors. Oil leaks are retained in sumps. Sand erosion detectors are installed on wells to identify potential erosional failures before they can occur. The paper concludes that various Industry and regulatory programs are providing the pollution control that is needed. Technological developments and reliability improvements are continuing. Ongoing work emphasizes development of improved subsurface safety valve concepts applicable to all wells, better manufacturing quality control and standards, and future reductions of human errors through training and safety programs.