Pollution Control Problem Research Articles

Advanced Filtration Techniques in Environmental Engineering

Granular filters and membrane filters, two essential filtration methods in environmental engineering, are thoroughly examined in this study. These techniques greatly aid air pollution control problems and water and wastewater treatment. The first section of the study outlines the basic ideas that underpin each filtration technique. The mechanical particle trapping mechanisms of granular filters, their wide range of applications in water treatment, and design factors, including media kinds and layers, are all examined. On the other hand, membrane filters are closely scrutinised because of their size exclusion principles, variety of types (from microfiltration to ultrafiltration), and vital function in industrial waste treatment and desalination processes. The study goes into additional detail about the maintenance, clogging, and financial ramifications that different filtering techniques must deal with. A comparison analysis provides insights into each method's applicability for various environmental engineering applications by illuminating its efficacy, affordability, and application specificity. The study's conclusion considers the potential for growth and current and upcoming technical developments in the filtration industry. This study lays the groundwork for forthcoming advancements and uses in the field of environmental engineering while also highlighting the significance of these filtering methods in modern ecological engineering.

The distribution characteristics of aerosol bacteria in different types of sheepfolds.

With the development of modern sheep raising technology, the increasing density of animals in sheep house leads to the accumulation of microbial aerosols in sheep house. It is an important prerequisite to grasp the characteristics of bacteria in aerosols in sheep house to solve the problems of air pollution and disease prevention and control in sheep house. In this study, the microorganisms present in the air of sheep houses were investigated to gain insights into the structure of bacterial communities and the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria. Samples from six sheep pens in each of three sheep farms, totaling 18, were collected in August 2022 from Ningxia province, China. A high-volume air sampler was utilized for aerosol collection within the sheep housing followed by DNA extraction for 16S rRNA sequencing. Employing high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing technology, we conducted an in-depth analysis of microbial populations in various sheep pen air samples, enabling us to assess the community composition and diversity. The results revealed a total of 11,207 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) within the bacterial population across the air samples, encompassing 152 phyla, 298 classes, 517 orders, 853 families, 910 genera, and 482 species. Alpha diversity and beta diversity analysis indicated that differences in species diversity, evenness and coverage between different samples. At the bacterial phylum level, the dominant bacterial groups are Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, among which Firmicutes (97.90-98.43%) is the highest. At the bacterial genus level, bacillus, Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, etc. had higher abundance, with Bacillus (85.47-89.87%) being the highest. Through an in-depth analysis of microbial diversity and a meticulous examination of pathogenic bacteria with high abundance in diverse sheep house air samples, the study provided valuable insights into the microbial diversity, abundance, and distinctive features of prevalent pathogenic bacteria in sheep house air. These findings serve as a foundation for guiding effective disease prevention and control strategies within sheep farming environments.

Evaluation of ecotechnology performance in treating textile wastewater: constructed treatment wetlands and natural adsorbents

The development of environmentally friendly technology for water ecosystem rehabilitation has become a challenge in solving pollution control problems in water bodies. Ecotechnology is a technology to improve water quality using an ecosystem approach, including the technology of constructed treatment wetlands and natural adsorbents. This study aims to produce an alternative ecotechnology for textile industrial waste remediation, on-site treatment of water bodies contaminated with textile waste, using a constructed treatment wetlands system and natural adsorbents. The result was conducted for 6 months using a reactor on a pilot scale with a continuous system. The result showed that CTWs’ ability effectively reduced ammonia in textile wastewater with a 20% dilution of up to > 80% and > 90% respectively using plants Vetiveria zizanioides and Heliconia psittacorum. Meanwhile, at 50% textile wastewater dilution, CTW with Heliconia psittacorum was more effective in reducing ammonia (> 80%) than CTW with Vetiveria zizanioides (> 60%). CTW with Vetiveria zizanioides and Heliconia psittacorum was able to reduce the dye content up to < 69.68% and < 54.39%, respectively. The natural adsorbent ability of bentonite has a higher ability to reduce dyes and ammonia, which is up to < 64.84% and < 91.12%. Good performance in these two eco-technology systems will result in better waste disposal by combining these two systems into one ecotechnology system.

Studying the Regional Transmission of Air Pollution Based on Spatiotemporal Multivariable Data

Imported air pollution has a significant impact on urban air quality. Relevant studies have shown that many urban air pollution events are not resourced by local emissions but are imported by air pollution from surrounding areas transported across regions. The prevention and control of air pollution is very necessary. However, the existing supervision of urban air quality mostly relies on ground monitoring stations, which are extremely limited in time and space, and cannot satisfy continuous time-space air pollution research. Therefore, aiming at the problem of urban air pollution control, this paper used MERRA-2 reanalysis data and ground monitoring data to establish a “Time-Longitude-Latitude” three-dimensional pollution curve, and then a genetic algorithm was used to optimize its fitting. This study finally reconstructed the imported air pollution transmission route. This paper takes an air pollution event that occurred in Xuzhou City, China, on 12 January 2020, as an example. Through the analysis of aerosol optical depth (AOD), particulate matter (PM), wind speed, and other factors, we found the source, transmission route, and impact time of this pollution. We have verified the correctness and accuracy of the reconstructed contamination transport paths. It is proved that the method is universal and it can quickly and accurately restore the air pollution transmission route and identify the urban imported air pollution transmission entrance. This method will also provide strong data support for the division of responsibilities of environmental protection departments in various regions for severe air pollution transmission events and provide effective governance ideas for the prevention and control of imported air pollution in recipient cities.

Optimality and sustainability of hybrid limit cycles in the pollution control problem with regime shifts

Optimality and sustainability of hybrid limit cycles in the pollution control problem with regime shifts

Development of Transition Metal Incorporated Bismuth‐Based Oxide Semiconductors as Potential Candidates for Solar Assisted Water Splitting Applications

AbstractPhotocatalysis is a traditional approach for solving energy crises and environmental pollution control problems. Visible light‐sensitive transition metal incorporated bismuth‐based metal oxides have enough potential to act as photoelectrodes in the communal of solar energy conversion and environmental remediation. These transition metal incorporated Bi‐based metal oxides are of practical importance due to their efficient photocatalytic activity, high stability, low cost and non‐toxicity. The latest efforts towards the limitations for improvement in performances of these materials can be controlled by different factors e. g., surface morphology, band gap, size, crystallinity, charge separation efficiency and rate of the charge transfer, etc. The alignment of band position or modification of band energy can also play an important role for these materials. Here, we primarily focus on the detailed discussion of transition metal incorporated bismuth‐based oxide semiconductors with suitable modifications – their fabrication and applications to enhance the photoelectrochemical activity.

Equity preferences and abatement cost sharing in international environmental agreements

AbstractThis paper examines empirically the importance of equity preferences for the formation of international environmental agreements (IEA) for transboundary pollution control. Although it has been shown theoretically that the existence of equity preferences among countries considering an IEA increases the chances for formation and stability of a coalition, empirical assessments of such preferences have been limited to climate change mitigation and single‐country studies. We consider the case of marine plastic pollution, of which a large share consists of food and beverage containers, representing a transboundary pollution control problem of increasing policy concern, with properties that lead to distinct considerations for equity and the sharing of abatement costs. We employ a coordinated choice experiment in the United Kingdom and United States to assess preferences for abatement‐cost allocations in a marine plastics IEA. Pairs of cooperating countries and the relative allocation of abatement costs are varied experimentally. Results show systematic aversion to both advantageous and disadvantageous inequality with respect to abatement costs but also that the relative strength of advantageous and disadvantageous inequality aversion differs across countries. Across both countries, there is evidence that left‐leaning voters generally favor more equal international sharing of abatement costs. Differences of these results from the case of greenhouse gas emission reduction, and implications for current efforts to establish a legally binding global treaty on marine plastic pollution, are discussed.

Transboundary watershed pollution control analysis for pollution abatement and ecological compensation.

The effect of watershed environmental management is closely related to the cooperation modes of upstream and downstream regions pollution control, but the existing literature rarely considers it. Additionally, based on the cumulative and cross-border impacts of pollution discharge in different regions, it is appropriate to use dynamic game theory to study pollution control problems. Therefore, this paper develops a dynamic multi game model to analyze the pollution control game behavior between the upstream and downstream regions along the basin in three scenarios: non-cooperation, pollution abatement cooperation, and ecological compensation. By using the optimal control method, we get the dynamic equilibrium strategies of the government and enterprises and pollution stock trajectories under different cooperation modes. The results show that pollution abatement cooperation can improve the environment, but may not improve social welfare; the eco-compensation mechanism is not always conducive to the improvement of the environment and welfare of the basin, and the effective conditions of implementing ecological compensation is put forward. In addition, we also analyzed the impact of consumer preferences, pollution treatment efficiency, and other parameters on governments and enterprises decision-making and the social welfare. These conclusions provide a theoretical basis for cooperative governance scheme for transboundary pollution in river basin.

Learning of Supply Chain Cost-Revenue Sharing Contract in the Form of Trade-off Mechanism in Pollution Control Problem

A comprehensive comparison between supply chain cost-revenue sharing contract and trade-off mechanism is considered. Either of the two main members – manufacturer and retailers in the supply chain acts as the bellwether to initiate the green transition program through a cost-revenue sharing contract. While the trade-off mechanism which is applied in the pollution control problem is inspired by the sharing setting behind the contract, i.e., the player transfers part of her profit to another player in trade for her limited responsibility in reducing pollution. However, the power structure is not included in the trade-off mechanism where a third party should be designated to implement the details. The conclusion is given in the end.

Cooperative Differential Games with Pairwise Interactions in Pollution Control Problems

This paper establishes a new class of dynamic games which contain two phenomena often observed in real-life, differential network games and pairwise interactions. It is assumed that the vertices of the network are players, and the edges are connections between them. By cooperation, a particular type of characteristic function is introduced. Then, the cooperative solutions are constructed, proportional solution and the Shapley value. Finally, the results are illustrated by an example.

A differential game analysis of multi-regional coalition for transboundary pollution problems

Basin water pollution control problem has become a real and serious challenge to build an environment-friendly and resource-conserving society. Since the water environment is quasi-public property, regional cooperation across upstream and downstream regions is critical for pollution control. Employing the differential game theory, we establish four differential game models of transboundary pollution with multi-regional coalitions. Optimal control theory was used to explore the optimal feedback Nash equilibriums solutions of the four models. Our analysis suggests that cooperation among the three regions is more effective in pollution control. The upstream and midstream cooperation can help the upstream region to increase the pollution abatement level, decrease the pollution emission level and pollution stock. The cooperation between the midstream region and both the upstream and downstream regions can help the midstream region to increase the pollution abatement level and decrease the pollution emission level.

Application of Big Data Technology in Environmental Pollution Control in Energy Ecological Economic Zone

In order to solve the problem of environmental pollution control in the energy ecological economic zone, this paper proposes a technology to realize environmental pollution control by using big data. The main content of this technology is based on the characteristics and application of big data technology; through the collection of online monitoring data of ecological environment pollution, the construction of the online monitoring data quality model of ecological environment pollution, and finally through the experiments in the simulation environment, the feasibility of big data technology is obtained. The experimental results show that the average quality factor data of the quality control model in the environmental scientific data supervision is 2.16, the average quality factor data of the Internet of things in the marine pollution monitoring is 5.88, and the average quality factor data of the model in the ecological environment pollution online monitoring based on the big data technology is 8.64. Big data technology has good applicability. It is proven that the research of big data technology can meet the needs of environmental pollution control in the energy ecological economic zone.

Fuzzy Linear programming approach in Water Pollution Control

Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study is to calculate the water pollution level of a source. Because water pollution is a very big problem in front of us. Mining and the related activities are responsible for large scale water pollution.&#x0D; Methodology: The problem of water pollution control (WPC) may be treated as a multiple objective decision making problem. This paper deals with use of fuzzy linear programming in water pollution control problem. Min operator has been used to construct the overall achievement function. A semi hypothetical case has been studied with regard to mining vis-a-vis water pollution.&#x0D; Main Findings: After calculation and using all the methods the main finding is that total WPC cost is 54411.12 units.&#x0D; Applications of this study: We can use this method of water purification to purify the big source of water supply. After using this method the cost of water purification can be calculated and minimized.&#x0D; Novelty/Originality of this study: This calculation is based on the secondary data source and this can help the system to use the proper method and calculation of expense in purifying water.

The Dilemma of Electromagnetic Radiation Pollution Management in China and Countermeasures

With the development of industrialization, electromagnetic technology has attracted much attention. In recent years, civil disputes arising from electromagnetic radiation in China are frequent, but because there are large loopholes and legislative gaps in the legal governance of electromagnetic radiation pollution in China at present, there are problems such as difficult proof of evidence and unclear determination of responsibility, which is not conducive to the maximum protection of the rights and interests of the parties. Only the establishment of a sound legal prevention system, laws and regulations as the framework, supplemented by supporting administrative system, the formation of a perfect electromagnetic radiation pollution legal governance system, in order to make China's electromagnetic radiation pollution prevention and control problems can be solved.

Evaluation of Coordinated Development of Logistics Development and Low-Carbon Economy in Wuhan Based on Big Data

Logistics industry in Wuhan city under the influence of economic development and related logistics policies, consumer demand is increasing, achieving a steady and rapid sustainable development. However, the ensuing high-energy consumption and high pollution have caused great pressure and negative impact on the environment of Wuhan city, and the pollution control problem has gradually aroused the common concern of the government, people, and relevant scholars, and the future development trend of low-carbon logistics has become a research hotspot of this new industry of logistics. In recent years, Wuhan city has been deeply affected by haze, and low-carbon and sustainable development is an important driving force for activities related to energy saving and emission reduction in Wuhan city at present. The logistics industry, as a high potential industry with high-speed development, is a key industry for environmental management and supervision, and the contradiction between the high-speed development of logistics industry and environmental pollution problem needs to be properly handled. This paper measures and analyzes the comprehensive efficiency of the logistics industry in Wuhan city from the perspective of low-carbon development, describes the current situation of the development of low-carbon logistics in Wuhan city and the problems that exist, analyzes them, and proposes feasible policies and establishments to make a contribution to the future development of low-carbon logistics in Wuhan city. This paper analyzes and organizes a large amount of literature, defines the definition of low-carbon logistics and performance evaluation, and selects the performance evaluation method that meets the research topic of this paper. On the basis of theoretical support, combined with the current situation of the development of low-carbon logistics industry in Wuhan city, reasonable indicators are selected for regression analysis of impact factors, and this paper’s low-carbon logistics efficiency evaluation index system is established to evaluate the performance of the low-carbon logistics industry in Wuhan city from 2010 to 2019, and finally put forward targeted policy recommendations.

The Distribution Characteristics of Aerosol Bacteria in Different Types of Pig Houses

Simple SummaryMicrobial aerosols from pig houses can be released into the environment, posing a serious threat to biosafety and public health. At present, there are few studies on the structural characteristics of aerosol bacteria in piggeries at different growth stages. It is important to understand the characteristics of aerosol bacteria in pig houses to solve the problems of air pollution and disease control in pig houses at different growth stages. In this study, bacterial aerosol concentrations and bacterial communities were compared in pig houses at different growth stages in Hebei Province, China. It was found that bacterial concentrations, community richness, and diversity in the air increased with the age of pigs. There are many pathogenic bacteria in the microbial aerosols of piggery. Our study highlights the importance of more comprehensive research and analysis of microbial aerosols in pig houses. Precautions for air pollution should be instituted in pig houses, including wearing masks, rigorous disinfection, and hygiene procedures.With the development of modern pig raising technology, the increasing density of animals in pig houses leads to the accumulation of microbial aerosols in pig houses. It is an important prerequisite to grasp the characteristics of bacteria in aerosols in different pig houses to solve the problems of air pollution and disease prevention and control in different pig houses. This work investigated the effects of growth stages on bacterial aerosol concentrations and bacterial communities in pig houses. Three traditional types of closed pig houses were studied: farrowing (FAR) houses, weaning (WEA) houses, and fattening (FAT) houses. The Andersen six-stage sampler and high-volume air sampler were used to assess the concentrations and size distribution of airborne bacteria, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to identify the bacterial communities. We found that the airborne bacterial concentration, community richness, and diversity index increased with pig age. We found that Acinetobacter, Erysipelothrix, Streptococcus, Moraxella, and Aerococcus in the microbial aerosols of pig houses have the potential risk of causing disease. These differences lead us to believe that disinfection strategies for pig houses should involve a situational focus on environmental aerosol composition on a case-by-case basis.

Ensuring Mutual Benefit in a Trans-boundary Industrial Pollution Control Problem

Technological developments play a crucial role in allowing governments and industries to meet carbon emission targets, whilst maintaining cost effectiveness. Mathematical modeling related to climate change has often included technology (including technology transfer between nations) as an effective policy instrument. However, such models often incorporate technology as an exogenous variable, highlighting the need to further interrogate the role of technology, its dynamics and limitations on reducing international pollution levels to improve sustainability, energy reliability and subsequent policy initiatives. Hence, in this study, we consider technology as an endogenous variable within a broader trans-boundary industrial pollution problem with random interference factors to obtain a closed-loop (Markov perfect) Nash equilibrium. We then articulate the Nash non-cooperative and cooperative equilibria via a stochastic linear quadratic differential game paradigm and prove the stability of a cooperative game by using Pareto optimal solution. We show that under such strategies to control carbon pollution a cooperative game is more efficient than a non-cooperative game, emphasizing the importance of technology transfer and collaboration between nations, subsequently serving as a mutual benefit for multi-lateral efforts to reduce global carbon emissions. In doing so, our study highlights the role of government subsidy incentives when collaborating with industry to encourage the integration of carbon-reducing technologies, whilst simultaneously increasing each country’s net revenue. Hence, our study provides a novel insight and framework for policymakers when encouraging industry to use carbon capturing and storage technologies. We also emphasize that efforts to coordinate emissions control should be pursued jointly to ensure mutual benefit for government and industry alike.

Analysis on the Optimal Recycling Path of Chinese Lead-Acid Battery under the Extended Producer Responsibility System

The pollution control problem of discarded lead-acid batteries has become increasingly prominent in China. An extended producer responsibility system must be implemented to solve the problem of recycling and utilization of waste lead batteries. Suppose the producer assumes responsibility for the entire life cycle of lead batteries. In that case, it will effectively reduce environmental pollution caused by non-compliant disposal of waste lead batteries, reduce environmental pollution, and achieve the sustainable development of lead resources. Based on the operating mechanism of the extended responsibility system for lead-acid battery producers in China, this article considers three recycling channel structures: recycling only by manufacturers (mode M), recycling by the union (mode R), and third-party recycling (mode C). This article comprehensively compares the differences between the three recycling channels. The research results show that: (1) under the EPR system, the choice of production companies is affected by the recovery rate and profit rate. (2) By comparing different recycling channel models, we found that the recovery rate of independent recycling by the manufacturer is the largest. Still, the profit rate of the manufacturer that entrusts the alliance (M) to recycle is the highest. The manufacturer can entrust to alliance or independent recycling of waste lead batteries according to the different profit rates and recovery rates. (3) From the perspective of the supply chain, independent recycling (M) by production companies or recycling (R) by the commissioned union may be the best. The choice of recycling channels for producers depends on independent recycling and commissioning alliance’ recycling costs and reuse costs.

Release behavior and mechanism of uranium and thorium from Ta-Nb tailings under simulated rainfall in Jiangxi Province, China.

Tantalum-niobium ore belongs to associated radioactive ore, which is accompanied by a certain amount of radioactive uranium and thorium. The remaining slag is enriched with a large number of radionuclides; after weathering, natural rainfall, and surface water scouring, radioactive elements such as uranium, thorium, and some heavy metal elements are exposed or washed into the soil, which poses a threat to the ecological environment and human health. In this study, for characterization analysis during, before, and after leaching, dynamic simulation experiment was carried out on a Ta-Nb slag sample in Jiangxi, China. From SEM analysis, the soluble substances adsorbed on the slag surface dissolve into the solution after leaching in simulated rainfall, and the remained slag becomes smooth with different particle sizes. The XRD diffraction analysis of the sample showed that after leaching in simulated rainfall, the existing forms of elements are different. pH of the leachate of Ta-Nb slag is 1.79; Ta-Nb slag contains many rare metal elements, nonmetal elements, radioactive elements, and some salt compounds; and the content of thorium is higher than that of uranium by EDS analysis. The release of uranium and thorium is obviously affected by the amount of leachate and pH. Under the lower pH of leaching solution, the release of uranium and thorium is more effective. The results of Fick diffusion theory and Elovich equation show that the release and migration mode of uranium and thorium in Ta-Nb slag are mainly surface elution; under acidic conditions, the release and migration of uranium and thorium are faster. This study provides basic data and scientific information for solving the key problems of pollution control of associated radioactive waste in environmental protection.

Government Financial Support and Enterprises’ Economic Revitalization and Pollution Discharge Under Normalization of the Epidemic: An Evolutionary Game Analysis Framework

The world economy, since the outbreak of the coronavirus epidemic, has undergone profound changes. Especially since the coronavirus became the norm, how to achieve rapid economic revitalization has become a problem that countries have to face. In order to analyze how the government should promote the enterprises’ economic revitalization and effectively control pollution under the normalized epidemic situation, this paper analyzes the economic revitalization and pollution control problems faced by enterprises under the normalized epidemic situation by using the evolutionary game method. Through the analysis of the evolutionary game model, we draw the following conclusions: (1) Discovered by comparing two different incentives mechanism and penalties mechanism, the dynamic incentives mechanism, and penalties mechanism has a better effect on the process of enterprises’ economic revitalization, and it also can reduce the discharge of enterprises’ pollutants. (2) In terms of discharge reduction effect, penalties have a better effect than incentives. Compared with incentives, in the process of the economic revitalization of enterprises, in order to reduce pollution discharge, the government can adopt dynamic penalties strategies. This paper analyzes what the government should do when enterprises face the problems of economic revitalization and pollution control. This study can not only provide suggestions for the government in the process of governance but also provide countermeasures for the economic revitalization of enterprises.