Water Pollution Research Articles

Assessing the relationship between river water pollution and the LULC composition of a basin in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in Oaxaca, Mexico

Water pollution originating from land use and land cover (LULC) can disrupt river ecosystems, posing a threat to public health, safety, and socioeconomic sustainability. Although the interactions between terrestrial and aquatic systems have been investigated for decades, the scale at which land use practices, whether in the entire basin or separately in parts, significantly impact water quality still needs to be determined. In this research, we used multitemporal data (field measurements, Sentinel 2 images, and elevation data) to investigate how the LULC composition in the catchment area (CA) of each water pollution measurement station located in the river course of the Los Perros Basin affects water pollution indicators (WPIs). We examined whether the CAs form a sequential runoff aggregation system for certain pollutants from the highest to the lowest part of the basin. Our research applied statistical (correlation, time series analysis, and canonical correspondence analysis) and geo-visual analyses to identify relationships at the CA level between satellite-based LULC composition and WPI concentrations. We observed that pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, coliforms, and water temperature form a sequential runoff aggregation system from the highest to the lowest part of the basin. We concluded that the observed decrease in natural cover and increase in built-up and agricultural cover in the upper CAs of the study basin between the study period (2016 to 2020) are related to elevated WPI values for suspended solids and coliforms, which exceeded the allowed limits on all CAs and measured dates.

Light switchable radical and non-radical periodate activation by Fe3O4/g-C3N4 for efficient organic contaminant elimination

Although the heterogeneous activation of periodate (PI) has recently garnered significant attention for organic pollutant degradation, regulating the non-radical and radical reaction pathways remains a challenge. Herein, a Z-scheme Fe3O4/g-C3N4 heterojunction (FCN) was developed to achieve controllable radical and non-radical PI activation using a light switch. In the dark, the interaction between FCN and PI gave rise to metastable surface-activated PI complexes (PI*) via the non-radical pathway, which served as the dominant reactive species for organic elimination. Upon light irradiation, FCN acted as an electron donor for PI activation via the radical pathway, forming iodate radicals (IO3•) for pollutant destruction. Consequently, the FCN/PI/VIS system achieved complete removal of acid orange 7 in 30 min, with a pseudo-first order reaction rate about 3.5 times higher than that of FCN/PI system. The involved reactive species were validated by scavenging tests, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis, Raman spectra and electrochemical measurements. Moreover, the light switchable FCN-based PI activation system exhibited high recyclability and practicability for the treatment of various organic pollutants in water. This study provides new insights into the PI activation-mediated wastewater treatment processes.

Sustainable Wastewater Treatment Strategies in Effective Abatement of Emerging Pollutants

The fundamental existence of any living organism necessitates the availability of pure and safe water. The ever-increasing population has led to extensive industrialization and urbanization, which have subsequently escalated micropollutants and water contamination. The environmental impact on various life forms poses a dire need for research in effective environmental management. Versatile technologies involving multiple approaches, including physiochemical and biological bioremediation strategies, draw insights from environmental biology. Metabolic annihilation mediated by microbes shows significant potential in the bioconversion of toxic micropollutants to tolerable limits. Environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable strategies are envisaged for efficient environmental protection. Phytoremediation technology, especially floating wetland treatments, facilitates micropollutant elimination, landscape management, ecosystem conservation, and aesthetic enhancement in diverse environments. The incorporation of nanomaterials in the bioremediation of toxic micropollutants augments novel and innovative strategies for water pollution abatement. This paper offers a novel strategy that combines nanomaterials to improve micropollutant degradation with bioremediation techniques, particularly the creative application of phytoremediation technologies like floating wetlands. Combining these techniques offers a novel viewpoint on long-term, affordable approaches to reducing water pollution. Additionally, the review proposes a forward-looking strategic framework that addresses the accumulation and refractory nature of micropollutants, which has not been thoroughly explored in previous literature.

A novel framework reveals anthropogenic stressors of phosphorus polluted river-lake connection water system in Poyang lake basin of China

Poyang lake (PYL), as China's largest freshwater lake, has been suffering from increasing total phosphorus (TP) pollution associated with rapid basinal socio-economic development. However, anthropogenic phosphorus stressors were rarely examined in PYL basin due to its large-scale and complex river-lake connection water system, hampering phosphorus pollution control efforts. In this study, water pollution stress from multiple anthropogenic activities is quantitatively examined in PYL basin based on a newly developed framework coupling grey water footprint (GWF) analysis with the SPARROW model. Results show that the phosphorus source-sink process in PYL basin has been well simulated by SPARROW model quantifying an overall TP delivery rate of 0.39, with catchments closer to PYL showing higher delivery rate of phosphorus (up to over 0.8). The GWF analysis demonstrates that anthropogenic phosphorus sources have imposed much higher pollution stress on PYL than its inflowing rivers, with twelve catchments nearby PYL identified as critical source areas of TP contamination. Agricultural farming, livestock & poultry production, and urban household are recognized as the dominant anthropogenic stressors burdening water environment of PYL. Based on these, policy recommendations are provided for advancing control of the phosphorus pollution stressors. The methodology is effective in refined examination of water pollution sources, which is expected to be applied in other watersheds providing informative diagnosis of water issues especially in lakes.

Polyethylenimine functionalized graphene oxide and cellulose nanofibril composite hydrogels: Synthesis, characterization and water pollutants adsorption

A stable 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized cellulose nanofibril (TCNF)/graphene oxide (GO)/polyethylenimine (PEI) composite hydrogel was synthesized by self-assembly instead of chemical crosslinking. Their chemical, morphology, surface, and mechanical properties were characterized and adsorption behavior for methyl blue (–) was systematically investigated in terms of the optimal GO content, pH effect, kinetics, and isotherm models. Additionally, to assess the adsorption capability of the TCNF/GO/PEI hydrogel for various contaminants, its effectiveness was also tested for methylene blue (+), Cu (II), and soybean oils. The maximum adsorption capability for the methyl blue (−) dyes increased from 3125 to 3962 mg/g when 13.3 % of GO was added. The adsorption capability for Cu (II) and soybean oils rose from 205.3 to 218.5 and 2.1 to 7.2 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption capability of optimized TCNF/GO/PEI hydrogel for a variety of contaminants was improved overall based on the increase of surface area, electrostatic interactions, and hydrophobic domains. Moreover, adding GO did not impact the adsorption mechanism but increased the external diffusion rate in the intraparticle diffusion model. This work provides a self-assembling route to TCNF/GO/PEI hydrogels with great potential for the removal of multiple water pollutants.

Sustainable Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent-Mediated Synthesis of Magnesium Zirconate Nanoparticles: A Photocatalyst for the Degradation of Anti-Viral Drug.

The anti-viral drug hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has captivated significant interest in the pharmaceutical field, as it is a quinolone derivative. Its unrestrained occurrence causes prominent health hazards owing to its persistent, carcinogenic, recalcitrant, and teratogenic nature. Herein, in this work, an experimental investigation was carried out toward the photocatalytic degradation of HCQ drug using magnesium zirconate (MgZrO3) nanoparticles as an effective photocatalyst. A comprehensive characterizations of the as-synthesized material was carried out. The photocatalytic degradation of the HCQ drug was examined with various sources of light energies. The obtained outcomes indicated that ±85% of HCQ was degraded using a MgZrO3 photocatalyst within 30 min of the reaction time under UV-visible (ultraviolet) light irradiation. Further, other significant operational parameters such as various catalyst dosages, HCQ concentrations, pH, scavengers, and salts were examined. The degradation studies revealed that the reaction followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. Hence, this perovskite-type MgZrO3 has grasped profound attention in environmental remediation, significantly in photocatalytic degradation of HCQ drug. This comprehensive research offers green synthesis strategy as a substantial framework for providing effective photocatalyst that addresses contemporary water pollution issues linked to notable results. This aids in targeting era-driven advancements toward a clean and safe future environment.

Study of Woad (Isatis tinctoria L.)-Extracted Indoxyl Precursors Conversion into Dyes: Influence of the Oxidative Media on Indigo Recovery Yields and Indigotin/Indirubin Ratio Measured by HPLC-DAD Method.

The production of indigo, primarily used by the denim industry, increases year by year, and is mainly of synthetic origin. The textile industry, on which its production depends, is responsible for 10% of greenhouse gases and 20% of water pollution. However, the source of this pigment/colorant, mainly based on petrochemistry, remains a key issue today. Extracting indigo from plants is becoming a popular answer and requires an understanding and evaluation of the entire process, from raw material to pigment recovery. In this study, the indigotin precursor, indoxyl, derived from the hydrolysis of O-glycosides biomass extracted in water, was oxidized to obtain the desired pigment. This step is the most sensitive, as variations have been observed during this phase. Consequently, the standardization of the oxidation process was established to determine the extract capacity to consistently produce the blue dye pigment. Partial hydrolysis of the O-glycosides, the indoxyl precursors, was identified as a factor causing this yield variability in the obtained extracts. Once the precursors were fully chemically hydrolyzed, plants harvested during summer and during a freezing period showed a similar capacity to produce indigotin, with values of 412 ± 25 ppm and 379 ± 0 ppm, respectively. This result showed that in freezing conditions, the enzymatic material was not available, resulting in the lack of indigotin formation. To address the use of oxidation in an alkaline medium, a spontaneous oxidation method was proposed. This method produced a purer indigotin pigment, with a 21.6% purity compared to 5.9% purity using air-mediated oxidation in an alkaline medium.

PELATIHAN DAN PENYULUHAN PEMBUATAN BRIKET SAMPAH PLASTIK UNTUK KARANG TARUNA DI TPS 3R ”PONCO BANYAK” DI DESA MANTREN KARANGREJO MAGETAN

Environmental problems due to the lack of effective waste management have become a serious challenge in this modern era, triggering air, land, and water pollution and damaging ecosystems. triggering air, soil, and water pollution and damaging ecosystems. Waste is piling up not only in urban areas but also in rural areas due to population growth, urbanization, and increasing consumption patterns. approach 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) approach has become urgent to reduce dependence on landfills and minimize the impact of landfills. on landfills and minimize negative environmental impacts. Village Mantren adopted this approach by establishing the 3R TPS "Ponco Banyak" TPS 3R in 2022, which serves more than 500 homes and several customers outside the village. customers outside the village. In addition to waste collection, TPS 3R also composts and makes briquettes from recycled materials. making briquettes from recycled materials. Through systematic training and counseling training and counseling, the program increased community awareness and knowledge about 3R practices, making Karang Taruna members more knowledgeable about waste management and having the skills to make recycled products such as briquettes. waste management and have the skills to make recycled products such as briquettes that can be marketed, making Mantren Village marketable, making Mantren Village an example of sustainable waste management. sustainable waste management.

Adsorption of Chromium (VI) and Lead (II) in Synthetic Solutions Using Tamarindus Indica Fruit Peel

The problem of water pollution persists and, in some cases, has been getting worse since many of the industries that are currently installed in developing countries do not comply with established standards. In order to reduce water pollution, various environmental standards have been established that aim to regulate the introduction of contaminating agents into water and, thereby, control the degree of alteration of the quality of the vital liquid. Adsorption allows minimizing the generation of toxic waste and the recovery of the metal. The objective of the work was to study the bioadsorption of Cr (VI) and Pb (II) using the dry peel of <i>Tamarindus indica</i>. We worked at different pH values and concentration levels. The determination of the chemical-physical parameters was carried out at the Empress Geominera Oriente. Adsorption isotherms were performed using the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich models, resulting in the maximum bioadsorption capacity of Cr (VI) and Pb (II) by biomass being 3.83 and 15.63 mg/g, respectively. reaching maximum removal percentages of 90.8%. The values of mean free energy of adsorption obtained from the Dubinin-Radushkevich model in Cr (VI) and Pb (II) were 10,000 kJ/mol, respectively, showing that, for these experimental conditions, the adsorption process is of a chemical nature.

Assessing the potential ecological and human health risks of trace metal pollution in surface water, sediment, and commercially valuable fish species in the Pashur River, Bangladesh.

This research examines the contamination levels in the Pashur River in Bangladesh stemming from trace metal discharge originating from the Mongla seaport and various industrial outlets. It delves into both ecological risks and potential health hazards for humans consuming fish carrying accumulated trace metals. The research employed atomic absorption spectrometry to measure the concentrations of chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) in surface water, sediment, and fish samples. Target hazard quotient (THQ) and carcinogenic risks were calculated to determine the human health risk caused by the consumption of these targeted fish species. An RI value of 42.89 indicates that the collective presence of trace metals in sediment poses significant ecological risks to the study area. Although the majority of trace metals present in sediment are categorized under class 1 (ranging from unpolluted to moderately polluted) based on the Igeo values, Cd is classified under class 2, signifying a moderate level of pollution. Significantly, THQ values surpass the threshold of 1 for Cr and As, indicating potential health risks associated with the consumption of specific fish species. Among the trace metals analyzed, Ni demonstrates the highest cancer risk (CR) value, at 5.78 × 103, indicating a notable cancer risk associated with the consumption of targeted fish. Recommendations include the strict enforcement of waste disposal policies to mitigate anthropogenic discharge and safeguard the river from further pollution.

Decarbonizing the textile industry: How Ever Dye is revolutionizing dyeing processes

Decarbonizing the textile industry: How Ever Dye is revolutionizing dyeing processes While the textile industry is continuously evolving and becoming more technologically advanced, it still relies on highly polluting and energy-intensive processes. Victor Durand, Head of Operations at Ever Dye, shares the company’s commitment to changing this and decarbonizing the textile industry. The textile industry, especially emerging fast-fashion brands like Shein or Temu, is contributing significantly to water pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. It ranks third among industries emitting supply chain pollutants out of the big eight polluters and is the second largest polluter of clean water. (1) The overconsumption of clothing has resulted in a significant increase in energy- and water-intensive production levels, and this trend is expected to continue.

Hydrogeochemical evaluation and characterization of water quality in the Phewa Lake, Pokhara, Nepal.

The study was carried out in the Phewa Lake of Pokhara Metropolitan City, Gandaki Province, Nepal, for geochemical assessment and characterization of the lake water quality. A total of 28 water samples were collected in each season from the different zones of the lake in March 2022 (pre-monsoon) and November 2022 (post-monsoon). The lake exhibitedelevated levels of PO43-, NO3-, and NH3, indicating that anthropogenic activities are interfering the lake water. The significant differences in many monitored physicochemical parameters between the pre- and post-monsoon visualize dilution effect in the lake during post-monsoon. Piper diagram illustrates that the majority of water samples in the lake are of Ca-HCO3 type. Additionally, Piper diagram, Gibbs diagram, and Mixing plot illustrate that carbonate weathering is dominant in both seasons. Principal component analysis (PCA) reveals significant correlations among NO3-, SO42-, Na+, and Cl-, demonstrating that pollution in the lake water is attributed to agricultural activities and domestic effluents. In the majority of samples,water quality index (WQI) depicts that the lake water quality is very poor to poor in the pre-monsoon and poor to good in the post-monsoon. Sodium absorption ratio (SAR), % Na (percent sodium), electrical conductivity (EC), cation ratio of soil structural stability (CROSS), and United States Salinity Laboratory (USSL) diagram illustrate that the lake water is suitable for irrigation.

Real‐time estimation of olive flounder growth in indoor aquaculture using cameras combined with a grid

AbstractEstimating fish growth in real time has many benefits for indoor aquaculture farms, such as saving labor time and costs, reducing water pollution during feeding, improving feeding activity and determining when to harvest. Hence, this study proposed a visual‐information‐based method for measuring olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) length, using accurate growth tracking for efficient aquaculture management. Using two cameras, an light‐emitting‐diode (LED) grid was placed at the bottom of the water tank to measure fish length. The pixels unit from the fish length in the captured image was converted to centimeters based on the relationship of a pre‐built dataset. A total of 180 lengths were calculated using images captured by the cameras. The average length of each fish acquired from the cameras was calculated separately, and Lagrange's interpolating polynomial algorithm was implemented to calculate the overall length of each fish. This method reduced the computational complexity, and results were obtained more rapidly and in a user‐friendly environment. The power model generated the length–weight relationship, which allowed us to estimate the body weight of each olive flounder based on the length. The proposed approach enabled us to calculate the length of olive flounders with a highly accurate R2 of 0.995.

Water pollution control promotes sustainable water use in Yangtze River Economic Belt——from water footprint perspective

Water pollution control promotes sustainable water use in Yangtze River Economic Belt——from water footprint perspective

Eco-Friendly Photocatalytic Treatment of Dyes with Ag Nanoparticles Obtained through Sustainable Process Involving Spirulina platensis

The development of efficient photocatalysts is crucial in addressing water pollution concerns, specifically in the removal of organic dyes from wastewater. In this context, the use of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) might represent a method to achieve high dye degradation efficiencies. On the other hand, the classical Ag NP production process involves several reactants and operating conditions, which make it poorly sustainable. In the present work, Ag NPs were synthesized according to a new sustainable process involving the use of natural extracts of Spirulina platensis and milder operating conditions. The material was also calcined to determine the influence of organic content on the properties of Ag NPs. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis displayed the AgCl and Ag phases with a crystalline size of 11.79 nm before calcination. After calcination, only the Ag phase was present with an increased crystalline size of 24.60 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the capping role of the metabolites from the extract. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) revealed the spherical or quasi-spherical morphologies with agglomeration due to the calcination. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses further confirmed the involvement of metabolites in the synthesis of Ag NPs. The optical changes in the products were observed in a UV-Vis analysis. The Ag NPs were tested for their photocatalytic activity against the laboratory dye brilliant blue r in visible light in various conditions. The highest degradation efficiency of 81.9%, with a kapp value of 0.00595 min−1, was observed in alkaline medium after 90 min of light irradiation.

Application Research on the Use of Multiple Comparison Methods in The Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Total Nitrogen and Total Phosphorus Reduction Measures

With the problem of water pollution becoming increasingly serious, excessive discharge of nitrogen and phosphorus has become a key factor affecting water quality and ecological balance. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of different pollution reduction measures in total nitrogen and total phosphorus control, this study evaluates multiple best management practices (BMPs) using multiple comparison methods, in particular Tukey HSD testing. The results of the statistical analysis of the reduction effects of the different measures showed that all the treatment groups with measures were significantly better than the control group without measures. In particular, BMP 8, BMP 7 and BMP 6 showed the best reduction effects. This study not only provides a scientific basis for pollution control decisions, but also lays the foundation for follow-up research, highlighting the importance of multiple comparison methods in environmental science.

A survey of water quality in areas of Albanian ports

This study report data on physical-chemical parameters and on concentrations of organic pollutants in marine water samples of Albanian ports. Nutrients, PH, temperature, conductivity, TSS, DO, BOD, COD, chlorines, sulfates, magnesium and calcium ions were the indicators used for evaluation of water quality. Also, organic pollutants (organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, PAH and benzene) were determined in seawater samples. Albania is facing by Ionian and Adriatic seas in a coastline of more than 300 km. Several ports are in function in Albanian coastline. Ship transport and many activities (automobile transport, mechanical activities, deposits, etc.) are the main factors of water pollution in port areas. Water samples from seven ports (the main Albanian ports) starting from Saranda port in the South to Shengjini port in the North, were analyzed in this study. Sampling was realized in May 2023. Based on physical-chemical indicators the water in the port of Saranda was the cleanest water, while Porto-Romano, Petrolifera and the fishing port in Zvernec was the most polluted one. Organic pollutants were detected in all water samples. Presence of the degradation products of pesticides may be related with previous uses of them. Presence of PCBs can be because of atmospheric deposition (volatile congeners), water currents and mechanical businesses (heavy congeners). PAHs and Benzene were detected on more than 70% of the analyzed samples. Intense ship and automobile transport in the port areas, mechanical businesses discharge and hydrocarbon processing i(Petrolifera and Porto-Romano) can be main factor for their presence. Water currents and new arrivals from the rivers can influence the levels and profile of pollutants. The found levels of organic pollutants in water samples of Albanian ports were higher than reported levels in previous studies for the Adriatic Sea (Albania coastline).

Mechanisms of Water Pollutant Degradation under Electric Discharge Generated in a Cavitating Flow

Mechanisms of Water Pollutant Degradation under Electric Discharge Generated in a Cavitating Flow

Multifunctional Au–Ag NCs for luminescence and colorimetric double signal sensing of H2S and catalytic reduction of nitrophenol

In this study, the N-Acetyl-l-Cysteine (NAC)-capped gold and silver bimetallic nanoclusters (NAC@Au–Ag NCs) was synthesized by reflux method. Due to the silver effect, the NAC@Au–Ag NCs exhibited strong photoluminescence at far-red/near-infrared regions and better catalytic performance than Au or Ag NCs. Upon addition of H2S, the Au–Ag NCs exhibited obvious fluorescence quench and color changes through the generation of metal sulfides and a static quenching process. The Au–Ag NCs displayed a wide linear luminescence response for H2S (18.5–217 μmol/L) with a detection limit of 0.269 μmol/L. Moreover, the visible color of Au–Ag NCs changed from white to brown-yellow along with increased H2S, the corresponding RGB values also displayed good linearity with the concentration of H2S (90.1–678 μmol/L). Notably, the fabrication of test strips provided a convenient and intuitive tool to screen the freshness of eggs by the color change of test strips. Au–Ag NCs could be used for living HeLa cells bioimaging and recognition of H2S abnormalities. Furthermore, it can be used as a catalyst to reduction of nitrophenols (NPhs), specific included 2NP, 3NP and 4NP. The reaction was regarded as a pseudo-first-order kinetic reaction due to the presence of excess NaBH4. At 298K, the catalytic rate constants(k) of 2NP, 3NP and 4NP were 0.1754 min−1, 0.1734 min−1 and 0.2782 min−1, respectively. The NAC@Au–Ag NCs catalyst still showed good catalytic activity and reusability after five cycles. Therefore, this study developed a H2S sensor for food samples and biological systems. And this nanocatalyst had great application potential for removed the nitrophenol pollutants in water.

A novel BiVO4/vermiculite Z-scheme heterojunction with enhanced removal rate of dyes through adsorption photodegradation synergistic mechanism

Water pollution, exacerbated by industrialization, poses severe threats to aquatic ecosystems and human health, particularly due to persistent organic pollutants like dyes. To mitigate this issue, the development of effective and sustainable water treatment technologies is essential. This study presents the synthesis of a novel bismuth vanadate (BVO)/vermiculite (Vt) adsorption-photocatalytic self-cycling composite using a simple hydrothermal method. The composite's Z-scheme heterojunction structure, along with the introduction of surface oxygen vacancies, significantly reduces electron-hole recombination and enhances charge separation. These modifications lead to a 1.64-fold increase in adsorption capacity compared to Vt and a 6.4-fold improvement in photocatalytic efficiency over BVO. The material maintained a 76 % removal efficiency after five usage cycles and demonstrated high efficacy in methylene blue (MB) solutions, even at concentrations up to 300 mg/L. Moreover, the composite displayed stable performance under repeated use and in high-pollutant environments, highlighting its durability and practicality. These characteristics underscore its strong potential for widespread application in environmental remediation and sustainable water resource management, offering an innovative solution to the global challenge of water pollution.