Treatment Of Polluted Water Research Articles

An experimental investigation into malachite green degradation using highly active NiFe2O4/Bi4O5I2 photocatalyst under visible light

In this study, a highly efficient NiFe2O4/Bi4O5I2 (NFO/BOI) photocatalyst has been successfully synthesized through the two-step hydrothermal method. Various characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), and Mott-Schottky (M-S) analysis were employed to scrutinize the physical, chemical, optical, and electrical characteristics of the as-synthesized photocatalyst. The photocatalytic performance of NFO/BOI was assessed through the degradation of malachite green (MG). The findings revealed that both the weight percent of NiFe2O4 loaded and catalyst loading significantly influenced the degradation efficiency of NFO/BOI on MG. Under 1 hour of visible light irradiation, MG achieved an impressive removal rate of 95.04% using NFO/BOI as the catalyst. Radical trapping experiment confirmed that superoxide anion radical plays a pivotal role in the MG degradation progress. This work introduces a novel direction for designing efficient catalysts for the treatment of water pollution using visible light.

An environmentally friendly chitosan-loaded BiOCOOH/BiYO3 photocatalyst for efficient photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline.

In this work, the photocatalyst BiOCOOH/BiYO3/Chitosan (CS) was prepared by using CS as the carrier and adsorbent. The performance of the material was studied through the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline (TC) in water. Theoretical calculations and experiments demonstrate that the formation of BiOCOOH/BiYO3 heterojunctions improves the separation of photogenerated carriers and the absorption of visible light by the material. The introduction of CS improves the difficulties in material recovery, demonstrating exceptional degradation ability for TC under the action of adsorption and photocatalysis. Adsorption kinetics studies indicate that the adsorption of TC by BiOCOOH/BiYO3/CS fits the pseudo-second-order model better, while the adsorption at different concentrations of TC is more suitably described by the Freundlich isotherm model. The synthesis of BiOCOOH/BiYO3/CS was confirmed by the analysis of XRD, XPS, and FTIR. UV-vis DRS showed that the synthesis of BiOCOOH/BiYO3/CS broadened the range of light absorbed by the material. The testing results of PL and transient photocurrent density indicate that BiOCOOH/BiYO3 exhibits a higher efficiency in separating photogenerated charge carriers. After 5cycles of reuse, the degradation efficiency can still reach 90% of the initial efficiency, indicating that CS-based photocatalytic composite catalysts have practical application potential in the field of water pollution treatment.

Nickel Remediation by Adsorption Technique Achieving the Concept of Zero Residue Level

Nickel is a major threat to the wastewater discharged from industries, where it is used, because it is classified as a carcinogenic heavy metal. Due to the need to treat polluted water with the highest efficiency and lowest cost, the promising adsorption technology using agricultural waste has proven to be an effective solution for treating water pollution with various pollutants. This study is concerned with determining the ability of a household waste to remove nickel from contaminated aqueous solutions by the adsorption method at different operating conditions. Waste tea leaves (WTL), which are discarded in huge quantities annually, showed noticeable nickel removal efficiency at more than 74% at acidity, shaking, concentration, time, temperature, and adsorption dose of 6, 350 rpm, 42 ppm, 120 min, 20°C, and 5.5 g, respectively. Although the adsorbent used had a low surface area of 12.251 m2/g, FTIR test before and after adsorption confirmed the presence of various functional groups capable of efficiently performing the adsorption function. Furthermore, FESEM test showed that the adsorption medium suffered significant changes compared to what it was before treatment with contaminated solutions. The use of toxic adsorption residues in a beneficial way was tested by adding them to concrete mixtures and studying the compressibility performance. The results showed that the additives increased the compressive strength of the concrete by more than double before it reached the failure point. Thus, this investigation confirmed the possibility of achieving the concept of zero residue level through waste management in an eco-friendly manner. Keywords: Adsorption, Concrete additives, Nickel, Waste tea leaves, Zero residue level.

Facile Synthesis of Silsesquioxane-Based Hybrid Crosslinked Polymers via One-Step Amine-Ene Reaction for Efficient Adsorption of Various Pollutants.

The rapid advancement of industrial production has led to an increase in water pollutants, posing a significant threat to public health. With the deepening of research on pollutant adsorbents. The application of silsesquioxane-based cross-linked polymer networks in water pollution treatment has gradually attracted people's attention. This study introduces two new crosslinked hybrid network, PCS-OB and PCS-OP, which were created through one-step amine-ene reaction between octa(aminophenyl) silsesquioxane (OAPS) and bismaleimide or N, N'-1,3-phenylenedimaleimide. The synthesized hybrid networks were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The successful synthesis of the material is proved. PCS-OB and PCS-OP exhibited remarkable efficiency in the adsorption and removal of contaminants such as antibiotics, dyes, and iodine from wastewater. The maximum adsorbents for Rhodamine B (RhB), iodine vapor and berberine hydrochloride (BCH) were 1069 mg g-1, 1590 mg g-1 and 294mg g-1, respectively. In conclusion, this work proves that PCS-OB and PCS-OP have broad application prospects in pollutant treatment.

Enhanced photocatalytic characteristics of Ag-Cu\(_2\)O nanocomposites synthesized via one-pot method for polluted water treatment

Enhanced photocatalytic characteristics of Ag-Cu\(_2\)O nanocomposites synthesized via one-pot method for polluted water treatment

A Numerical Study on Impact of Coal Mining Activity and Mine Water Drainage on Flow and Transport Behavior in Groundwater

Under the dual carbon mission, more and more coal mines will face shutting down in the future and stop treating mine water drainage, which, if it escapes, may cause severe secondary damage to the local groundwater quality. Wudong Coal Mine is a currently active subsurface coal mine in Xinjiang, China, that shows high-salinity characteristics. To forecast and discuss future possible groundwater quality damages and potential solutions, we here introduce a model prediction study on the effects of water pollution by coal mine drainage. The study protocol first involves creating a calibrated 2D groundwater flow model by use of FEFLOW software, then designing several flow and solute transport prediction analyses under changing mine water drainage conditions, different pollution source areas and water treatment pumping wells to discuss future prominent flow and transport behavior, as well as water treatment-affecting factors. It has been shown that mine water drainage plays a critical role in maintaining the mine water solute distribution, as without mine draining, local flow and solute distribution change dramatically, altering the groundwater capture zone, and may change the plume-migrating direction from upstream to downstream. A larger pollution source could produce a higher concentration of pollutants and a larger pollution-coverage area. To reduce pollutant concentrations, mine water treatment pumping wells with higher pumping rates can be applied as a useful remedial measure to effectively prevent the pollutant plume front from reaching the important drinking and irrigation water source of the region, Urumqi River. The results of this study can give important suggestions and decision-making support for authorities focused on water treatment and environmental protection decision-making in the region.

Study on Watershed Ecological Compensation for Water Pollution Considering Population Flow: A Case Study in the Lower Yellow River Basin

Watershed ecological compensation (WEC) mechanisms can help coordinate the distribution of revenue among different regions and realize the collaborative treatment of water pollution. However, limited research has examined the influence of population flow on the design of ecological compensation mechanisms. In this paper, the differential game method is used to construct a model of water pollution control in upstream and downstream regions with the consideration of population flow. The Lower Yellow River Basin (LYRB), which includes Henan and Shandong Provinces, is taken as a case study, and relevant data are used for simulation analysis. The constraints and population flow factors that influence the establishment of a WEC mechanism between upstream and downstream governments are explored. The results show that (1) the implementation of WEC can stimulate the upstream government’s efforts to treat pollutants, and the amount of pollutants eliminated and the revenue of the upstream and downstream governments increase; (2) with the continuous flow of population from the upstream region to the downstream region, the amount of pollutants eliminated and the revenue of the downstream government decrease; and (3) in the absence of external incentive measures, when the population flow exceeds a certain threshold, the WEC mechanism of the upstream and downstream governments cannot be spontaneously carried out. The conclusions of this study can provide scientific guidance for improving the WEC mechanism between the upstream and downstream governments within a basin.

Preparation and characterization of functionally antibacterial multi-layer lignin core-shell structure material with adsorption and high efficiency of photocatalysis for Cr(Ⅵ)

Wastewater with chromium is a common heavy metal pollution in industrial pollution, affecting health of human seriously, while adsorption and photocatalysis are efficient for Cr(Ⅵ) removal. The multi-layer lignin core-shell structure materials were prepared with kraft lignin/polydopamine core-shell structure material, using non-covalent bonding to induce the in-situ induction of TiO2. The hydroxyl group of kraft lignin and the amino group of polydopamine provided abundant adsorption active sites with adsorption capacity being 299mg/g at pH of 2. The adsorption process conformed to the Freundlich isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The removal rate of Cr(Ⅵ) reached more than 99.9% within 10min under simulated solar light with influence of adsorption and photocatalysis. The multi-layer lignin core-shell structure materials presented excellent antibacterial activity, with the inhibition rate against S.aureus and E.coli being 40% under dark conditions and 99% under simulated solar light because h+ or ·OH producing by TiO2. The antibacterial multi-layer lignin core-shell structure materials showed good universality in water pollution treatment.

TREATMENT METHODS FOR BITUMEN POLLUTED WATER(BPW) - A REVIEW

This review is set to answer the question about current and alternative treatment methods available for treating Bitumen000. 12021Polluted Water (BPW). Bitumen is a complex form of hydrocarbon with a higher viscosity than crude oil preventing it from flowing under natural conditions. BPW is formed due to bitumen seepage from underground reservoirs causing contamination of land and waterbodies in areas where the deposit is untapped. Another wastewater from bitumen is the Bitumen Wastewater (BWW) which is formed from bitumen extraction and processing, though this review centered on bitumen-polluted water BPW, studies revealed that BWW exhibits similar characteristics of floatable solids, high levels of salt and taste, colour, hardness of water, high Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) levels, toxic metals: lead, cadmium and dissolved petroleum hydrocarbons: Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylene (BTEX). It has been reported that these pollutants were recalcitrant, persistent in biodegradation, and required many years to denature. This review summarized treatment methods for bitumen polluted water and by extension BWW from five aspects, which contain flotation, filtration, coagulation, biological treatment, and combined technology. Further, it addressed modifying the existing Bitumen Polluted Water Treatment System (BPWTS) with the possibility of scaling it up to treat more volume of BPW to meet water treatment demand in the bitumen-rich areas.

Crystalline‐Amorphous Hybrid of MoS2 for Enhanced Piezo‐catalytic Activation of Peroxomonosulfate Toward Organic Pollutants Degradation

AbstractDespite the promising potential of piezo‐catalysis in environmental remediation applications, the performance of various piezoelectric materials still suffer from low carrier concentrations, limited carrier mobility, and rapid recombination of electron‐hole pairs, and the reported modification strategies are quite intricate and challenging to implement. Herein, MoS2 with varying degrees of crystallinity is synthesized through drying and thermal treatment processes, and the effect of crystal engineering on the performance of the piezo‐activated peroxomonosulfate (PAP) system is investigated. The MoS2 annealed at 700 °C (M‐700) with a crystallization of 60.4% exhibited superior performance in the PAP system, which can degrade 99.6% of bisphenol A within 30 min with a mineralization rate of 57.0%. The positive correlation among the crystallinity of piezoelectric catalysts, the parameters of piezoelectric performance (d33) and piezo‐catalytic performance within a certain range is proposed. From the density functional perturbation theory (DFPT), the crystalline‐amorphous hybrid of M‐700 provided an appropriate charge transfer rate, electron concentration, and mechanical strength, which is more conducive to stimulate the active species chain reaction of PMS. This study provides a novel method for improving the piezo‐catalytic activities and holds great promise for water pollution treatment.

Modeling of an adsorption study of a synthesized hematite composite for the removal of lead and cadmium from contaminated water

The use of enormous nanomaterials with enhanced functionality, and improved structural morphology is thought of this era for water pollution treatment. Loaded nanomaterials using different low-cost and wasted biomass could be synthesized for efficient functional properties. .Nanostructures with different structures and morphology have been prepared with efficiency to handle single and multi-component aqueous solutions. Iron oxide-loaded rice husk biochar, named hematite nanomaterial (HLRHBC) was used for lead and cadmium removal and its surface removal capacity was compared with raw rice husk (RH) and rice husk biochar (RHBC) adsorbents. Biochar was obtained by pre-pyrolysis at 400-500 °C and nanocomposite was then prepared by loading on biochar surface. The 89.45% removal efficiency was obtained for lead remediation by nanomaterial and 89.3%, and 88.3% by rice husk biochar and raw form of rice husk respectively. For cadmium adsorption 73.4%, 70.6% and 54.76% were removal efficiency for nanomaterials, rice husk biochar, and rice husk respectively. Isothermal calculations were applied to experimental data and it revealed favorable adsorption results by Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich, and Temkin isotherms as indicated by their R 2 values approaching near 1, efficient adsorption capacity values and constant calculations within favorable approach revealed nanomaterial suitable for adsorption purposes. Error analysis favored nanomaterial adsorption results by limiting value to small error results. Kinetic calculations revealed maximum Qe (mg/g) value 22.57 ± 0.013 mg/g in case of lead adsorption and 22.93 ± 0.013 mg/g for cadmium adsorption HLRHBC. Kinetic and thermodynamic calculations proved spontaneous physicochemical sorption experiments. Desorption experiments separated metal and adsorbent for recovery and reuse of nanomaterial. Hematite biomass composite was found efficient and novel sorbent for lead and cadmium uptake and recovery.

Novel cobalt-doped CuFe2O4 spinel catalyst for enhanced peroxymonosulfate activation to achieve rapid degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride: Dominant roles of O2[rad]- and 1O2 in the oxidation process

Heterogeneous peroxymonosulfate (PMS) catalysis is a promising method for water pollution treatment. CuFe2O4 spinel can activate PMS, but its application is limited by its tendency to agglomerate and its low-mass transfer efficiency. In this study, a cobalt-doped CuFe2O4 (CuFeCoO4, CFCo-1) was successfully synthesized, achieving a degradation efficiency of 98.36 % for tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) within 21 min, with a high degradation rate corresponding to a kinetic constant of 0.2041 min−1. CFCo-1 demonstrated strong resistance to interference from inorganic ions and organic compounds. It maintained over 90 % TCH removal efficiency with negligible leaching of metal ions after five cycles, indicating that the catalyst had strong cyclic stability. Mechanistic analysis revealed that cobalt doping improved the electron transfer efficiency of the catalyst, enabling CFCo-1 to activate PMS and degrade the pollutant through both radical (OH, SO4- and O2-) and non-radical (1O2) pathways, with O2- and 1O2 being the dominant species. The potential degradation pathways of TCH were proposed based on theoretical calculation and the identification of degradation products. In conclusion, cobalt doping is an effective strategy for enhancing the catalytic performance of spinel for efficient degradation of pollutants in water.

Developing Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Effective Treatment of Organic Pollutants in Industrial Water

Organic pollutants, including pesticides and industrial waste, have become a significant environmental challenge due to their persistence and difficulty in decomposition, posing serious threats to both environmental health and water quality. This issue is particularly pressing in regions like Penang, where rapid industrial development and urbanization have exacerbated water pollution. In response, various research efforts have explored potential solutions, with graphite emerging as an effective adsorbent for removing toxic compounds from water. Building on this, our study focuses on the synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), a material recognized for its high-performance photocatalytic properties. g-C3N4's unique structure and ability to harness solar energy make it a promising candidate for catalyzing the breakdown of organic pollutants into less harmful molecules. Our project aims to develop a cost-effective and scalable method for producing g-C3N4 using readily available materials, with the goal of mitigating organic pollution in Penang. Through a straightforward synthesis process, we seek to make this technology accessible for widespread adoption in water treatment practices. The successful synthesis of g-C3N4 has already been demonstrated, with the process being effectively shared with students from the School of Chemical Science at USM. While further refinements are needed to maximize results, our findings suggest that g-C3N4 can play a crucial role in reducing organic pollution and improving water quality, contributing to the long-term sustainability of Penang's environment.

MOF-on-MOF-derived hollow tubular ZnFe2O4/Er-ZnO heterojunctions for the efficient degradation of tetracycline by visible light photocatalysis

Semiconductor photocatalytic technology is recognized as one of the effective technologies for using solar energy to solve current environmental problems. In this study, a Z-scheme heterojunction ZnFe2O4/Er-ZnO hollow nanotube composite was prepared by hydrothermal method. The results show that the degradation efficiency of tetracycline (TC) in ZnFe2O4 is only 51 %, while the degradation efficiency of ZnFe2O4/2% Er-ZnO hollow tube composites is as high as 97 %. At the same time, ZnFe2O4/2% Er-ZnO has a larger specific surface area (specific surface area of 224.39 m2 · g−1), which is 27 times that of ZnFe2O4 (specific surface area of 8.30 m2·g−1). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental analysis show that the doping of Er, the unique hollow structure and the formation of heterojunction make ZnFe2O4/2% Er-ZnO have a large specific surface area, efficient carrier separation ability and strong redox ability, so the Z-scheme heterojunction ZnFe2O4/2% Er-ZnO hollow tubular composites have strong degradation ability for tetracycline. In addition, the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis technique was used to propose the possible degradation pathways of antibiotics, which provided ideas for the treatment of water pollution.

Synergetic Modulation of Electronic Properties of Cobalt Oxide via "Tb" Single Atom for Uphill Urea and Water Electrolysis.

Exploring single-atom (SA) catalysts in hybrid urea-assisted water electrolysis offers a viable alternative to both Hydrogen (H2) generation and polluted water treatment. However, the unfavorable electronic stabilization, low SA content, intrinsically slow kinetics, and imbalanced adsorption-desorption steps are the bottleneck for its scale-up implementation. Herein, a rare-earth Terbium single atom (TbSA) is topologically stabilized on defect-rich Co3O4 (TbSA@d-Co3O4) by Tb─O co-ordination for urea oxidation reaction (UOR) and H2 evolution reaction (HER). Benefitting from the strong TbSA interaction with the d-Co3O4, the TbSA@d-Co3O4 achieves a 10mAcm-2 current density at 1.27V and -35mV for UOR and HER, respectively. Remarkably, when TbSA@d-Co3O4 is applied as a bi-functional catalyst in a two-electrode system, it merely requires 1.22V to acquire 10mAcm-2 with excellent operational stability for 100 h. The hybrid electrolyzer can be successfully empowered by the triboelectric nanogenerator, AA battery, and solar panel with a nominal potential of 1.5V. The mechanistic investigation predicts "TbSA" insertion in d-Co3O4 lowered the potential determining step, attributed to balanced reaction energetics for adsorption-desorption of intermediates and favorable charge transfer characteristics for UOR. This work offers a new paradigm to explore the catalytic properties of rare-earth "f-block" elements to create advanced electrocatalysts via structural modulation.

Synergistic low-temperature plasma degradation of tetracycline with ferrocene

Low-temperature plasma technology has been successfully applied to the treatment of persistent organic pollutants in water. By combining catalysts with low-temperature plasma, the degradation efficiency and energy utilization efficiency of pollutants can be effectively improved. In this study, ferrocene (Fc) was added as a new catalyst to the low-temperature plasma system to treat tetracycline (TC) found in wastewater. The degradation efficiency of TC after 60 min of plasma treatment, Fc adsorption, and Fc/plasma treatment was compared, indicating that Fc/plasma improved the removal compared with using plasma alone. The effects of primary parameters such as Fc dosage, initial pH, discharge voltage, and anions in wastewater on TC removal efficiency were investigated. Under the conditions of Fc dosage of 400 mg/L, pH of 9, and discharge voltage of 20 kV, the degradation efficiency of TC was 76.59%. Results of free quenching experiments indicated that hydroxyl radicals played an important role in the treatment of TC. The characterizations of Fc showed that the structure of Fc before and after use in the plasma system changed little. In addition, toxicity testing using toxicity assessment software showed that only two to three degradation intermediate products had slightly higher toxicity than TC. The iron leaching concentration was 2.5 mg/L, and the Fc dissolution concentration was 1.72 mg/L after the reaction.

The effect of problem-based stem activities on students' achievement and attitudes towards engineering

This study aimed to examine the effect of STEM activities prepared according to the problem-based learning approach on students' academic achievement and attitudes toward engineering. A one-group pretest-posttest experimental model, one of the quantitative research methods, was used in the study. In the study, the achievement test was used to reveal students' knowledge levels about the definition of water and the importance of water, the physical, chemical, and biological properties of water, the water cycle, water pollution, and water treatment. Another data collection tool used in the study was the Engineering Attitude Scale. According to the findings obtained from the research, it was concluded that problem-based STEM activities had a positive effect on student's academic achievement but did not make a significant difference in engineering attitudes. The findings of the study were discussed and various suggestions were made for future studies. Keywords: Attitude; engineering design process; problem-based STEM; STEM; water

Comparative assessment of pollution control measures for urban water bodies in urban small catchment by SWMM

Under the current increasingly serious water pollution situation in urban, the comprehensive treatment and protecting measures in urban small catchment are the necessary step to the water pollution treatment, not only focus on the water bodies themself. In this paper, the Luojiagang river channel and its catchment in Wuhan, which has been heavily impacted by water pollution, are taken as an example for the comparative assessment of pollution control measures in order to explore the effective and sustainable schemes including the LID (Low Impact Development---LID) by using SWMM model (Storm Water Management Model---SWMM). Through the comparison of pollution treatment measures based on scenarios simulation with the baseline scenarios, it was found that the reduction effects of pollutant peak concentrations at the outlet node of Luojiagang River had the decreasing order of: the combined measures (COS) > LID control > the water diversion from Donghu Lake (WAD) > the sewage treatment (SET) > the sediment dredging (SED), and the reduction effects of total pollutant load had the decreasing order of: LID > COS > SET > SED > WAD. The results show that the control of non-point source pollution is the key for the improvement of water quality in Luojiagang River, and LID plays important role in the reduction of both pollutant peak concentrations and load. This study has the implication for the decision making of the water pollution controlling schemes in urban small catchment.

Reducing the overpotential of overall water spitting by micro-pump-like electrode engineering

Electrolyzing water for hydrogen generation consumes a significant amount of electricity. Minimizing bubble accumulation on the electrodes can reduce the overpotential, thereby enhancing the efficiency of water electrolysis. In this work, Co1.8Mn1.2S4 as the catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) was optimized from 54 compounds of oxides and sulfides of Ni, Co, and Mn, then designed a three-dimensional electrode with a pump-like function to expel bubbles from the electrodes. Using laser-assisted curing 3D printing technology, a capillary array with side holes was fabricated and utilized as a support structure for the Co1.8Mn1.2S catalyst. During water electrolysis, the electrolyte enters the interior of the capillary through the side holes, and the bubbles inside the capillary are released from both ends of the capillary. The optimized electrode achieved 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 345 mV during the OER, and reached 100 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 435 mV. In-situ optical microscopy observations and fluid dynamics simulations demonstrated that bubbles were effectively released through the main outlet of the capillary. In overall water splitting, the current density reached 10 mA cm−2 at 1.646 V, without significant current decay after 60 h continuous operation. The electrode design presented holds promise for broader applications in catalytic reactions, such as CO2 reduction, electrochemical ammonia synthesis, and electrochemical treatment of water pollutants.

Enhanced photocatalytic performance of TiO2 with tunable oxygen vacancies induced by H2/N2 mixture treatment

Surface treatment can effectively modulate the surface properties of a photocatalyst to hasten the separation and transfer of photoinduced charges, ultimately achieving high photocatalytic performance. Herein, surface treatment of anatase-phase TiO2 prepared by a hydrothermal method was performed under H2/N2 mixed atmosphere. The experimental results demonstrate that roasting TiO2 in a H2/N2 atmosphere can effectively reduce partial Ti4+ to Ti3+, thereby facilitating the production of tunable oxygen vacancies (OVs) by disrupting Ti-O-Ti bonds. OVs can construct defective energy levels to bring about a decrease in the bandgap of TiO2 and an extension of light absorption range. Moreover, OVs remarkedly improve the separation of photoinduced charges of TiO2 and accelerate the photocatalytic reaction as active sites. The photocatalytic experimental results demonstrate that TiO2 exhibits the highest performance when roasting TiO2 in a H2/N2 atmosphere for 2 h, and the photocatalytic degradation rate constant of rhodamine B (RhB) and tetracycline (TC) on this sample under simulated solar light irradiation is 2.24 and 1.11 times higher than that on the reference TiO2, respectively. These findings provide valuable insights for designing highly efficient photocatalysts for effective water pollution treatment.