Abstract
The use of enormous nanomaterials with enhanced functionality, and improved structural morphology is thought of this era for water pollution treatment. Loaded nanomaterials using different low-cost and wasted biomass could be synthesized for efficient functional properties. .Nanostructures with different structures and morphology have been prepared with efficiency to handle single and multi-component aqueous solutions. Iron oxide-loaded rice husk biochar, named hematite nanomaterial (HLRHBC) was used for lead and cadmium removal and its surface removal capacity was compared with raw rice husk (RH) and rice husk biochar (RHBC) adsorbents. Biochar was obtained by pre-pyrolysis at 400-500 °C and nanocomposite was then prepared by loading on biochar surface. The 89.45% removal efficiency was obtained for lead remediation by nanomaterial and 89.3%, and 88.3% by rice husk biochar and raw form of rice husk respectively. For cadmium adsorption 73.4%, 70.6% and 54.76% were removal efficiency for nanomaterials, rice husk biochar, and rice husk respectively. Isothermal calculations were applied to experimental data and it revealed favorable adsorption results by Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich, and Temkin isotherms as indicated by their R 2 values approaching near 1, efficient adsorption capacity values and constant calculations within favorable approach revealed nanomaterial suitable for adsorption purposes. Error analysis favored nanomaterial adsorption results by limiting value to small error results. Kinetic calculations revealed maximum Qe (mg/g) value 22.57 ± 0.013 mg/g in case of lead adsorption and 22.93 ± 0.013 mg/g for cadmium adsorption HLRHBC. Kinetic and thermodynamic calculations proved spontaneous physicochemical sorption experiments. Desorption experiments separated metal and adsorbent for recovery and reuse of nanomaterial. Hematite biomass composite was found efficient and novel sorbent for lead and cadmium uptake and recovery.
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