Polluted River Water Research Articles

A Comparison of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) in River Water Quality Prediction

River water is a crucial natural resource utilized for various purposes, including agriculture and drinking. Human activities such as mining, industrial discharge, and improper waste management contribute to river water pollution, affecting its quality and posing risks to human health. Monitoring and predicting river water quality are essential for effective management and pollution control. The research focuses on Dissolved Oxygen (DO), and comparing of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to developed prediction models. Evaluation of the models’ performance shows that the ANN model outperforms LSTM in predicting Dissolved Oxygen (DO) concentrations, achieving lower Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). Although LSTM exhibits lower Mean Squared Error (MSE), the ANN model demonstrates better accuracy in minimizing the average distance between predicted and actual values. The findings suggest that ANN-based models offer good performance in river water quality prediction, with potential for further enhancement through additional variables or model architecture adjustments.

Комплексная оценка экологического состояния участка трансграничной реки Нарвы

A comprehensive study of the ecological state on the transboundary Narva River (Russia –Estonia border) downstream of Ivangorod, Kingisepp District, Leningrad Region, was carried out. It included the determination of chemical indicators of pollution of the natural river water, with an emphasis on some heavy metals content in water, sediments and soft tissues of local filter-feeding mollusks; the latter were used as bioindicators of river pollution in this location. Zn was determined in maximum concentrations in bottom sediments, then Cu, to a lesser extent Pb, Cd and Ni. The coefficient of metal bioconcentration calculated in soft tissues of mollusks showed maximum for Zn and Cu, to a lesser extent for Pb, Cd and minimum for Ni. However, such values have no negative effect on local biota as shown by physiological testing of bivalves from study site. The functional assessment of bivalves by non-invasive cardiac rhythm recording made it possible to characterize their functional status and adaptive capabilities as good. The relative abundance of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria in the digestive tract of mollusks from the Narva River has been determined as an indicator of environmental pollution by oil products. It was noted that the number of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria does not exceed the values characteristic of the reference waters of the Eastern Gulf of Finland. Based on the totality of the studies, it was concluded that the river waters in the studied location can be characterized as slightly polluted and its ecological status as of a good quality.

Исследование химического состава воды подземного источника, расположенного на пойменном участке реки Малка в нижнем течении

The analysis of an undergroundsourcewaterchemicalcomposition located inthe floodplain oftheMalka River,the largestriver flowing through the territory of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, is presented. Data on the quantitativecontent of the groundwater ion-saltcomposition components serve as indicators to identify background concentrations of pollutants in river waters. The observation results of the intra-annual dynamics of flow, temperature, transparency, pH, mineralization, hardness, permanent oxidability, concentrations of carbonates, bicarbonates, chlorides, sulfates, nitrites, nitrates, and total iron are presented. The qualitative trace element composition has been determined. The results of sanitary and microbiological analysis are presented. The theoretical analysis allows us to conclude that the chemical composition of the water under study follows general patterns. The constancy of the underground source waters temperature indicates the deep occurrence of aquifers. The chemical composition of water is determined by the composition of minerals and rocks, which it comes into contact with, remains almost constant throughout the year and, to a small extent, depends on climatic conditions on the surface. Data on the concentration of components of the ion-salt composition and microflora characterizing the water quality of an underground source were obtained. The water of an underground source refers to neutral, fresh, medium hardness, bicarbonate waters that are not contaminated with pathogenic microflora.

Impact on urban river water quality and pollution control of water environmental management projects based on SMS-Mike21 coupled simulation

To explore the impact of expanding Nanyang Sewage Purification Center (NSPC) on the main sewage discharge area of Bai River, we constructed a 2D hydrodynamic-water quality model based on surface water modeling system (SMS) and Mike21. Simulating three sewage discharge conditions in wet, normal, and dry season, we evaluated three indicators (COD, NH3-N, and BOD5) by the single-factor pollution index and provided recommendations for water environment management. The results showed that, maximum absolute error of water level was 0.08 m, percentage bias coefficient of COD, NH3-N and BOD5 were 19.3%, 16.2% and 23.1%, indicating the SMS and Mike21 coupling model was applicable; water quality of the assessment section were upgraded from the original class IV, V, V (Condition 1) to class IV, III, II (Condition 2) and class IV, III, III (Condition 3) in the wet, normal and dry season, indicating that NSPC's expansion had improved the water quality of the assessment section; as the primary pollutant, BOD5 concentration in the downstream was lower than the upstream, which was due to the dilution effect of river. Therefore, on the basis of expanding NSPC, we recommend to remediation of BOD5 by physical, chemical, and biological methods. This study broadens new ideas for the application of Mike21, and provide a reference for the prevention and improvement of river water pollution in urban areas.

Effects of Aquatic Vegetation Decomposition River Nutrient Conditions: A Case Study on the Jeonjucheon River, South Korea

Aquatic vegetation plays an important role in maintaining the health of river ecosystems. However, few studies have evaluated the impact of vegetation decomposition on water quality in rivers. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the effect of aquatic vegetation decomposition on nutrient conditions in the Jeonjucheon River in South Korea. To this end, we determined the distribution and biomass of four dominant species: Phragmites japonica Steud., Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud., Miscanthus sinensis Andersson, and Rumex crispus L. Additionally, we conducted a nutrient leaching experiment to determine the contributions of different species to the nutrient status of the river. We found that the decomposition concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were the highest for P. japonica (7.74 mg/L) and R. crispus (1.59 mg/L). The annual load of TN from decomposition was 536,171.6 kg/yr and that of TP was 57,547.1 kg/yr. The total pollution load for the Jeonjucheon River was 2,903,885.3 kg/yr for TN and 17,602.1 kg/yr for TP. However, the TN and TP contribution from vegetation decomposition was negligible compared to that from other sources. This study serves as a valuable reference for sustainable management of river vegetation and water pollution.

Investigation of river water pollution using Muskingum method and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm

River water pollution is one of the most important environmental issues. Advection–dispersion equations are used to study the temporal changes in pollutant concentration along the study river reach. The use of advection–dispersion equations in investigating how the concentration of pollution is transformed requires a lot of data including river cross-section characteristics, dispersion coefficient, and upstream and downstream boundary conditions, etc. therefore, the corresponding calculations are very costly, difficult and time-consuming. In the present study, instead of using the mentioned equations, the linear Muskingum method (used in previous studies for flood routing) and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was used for the first time to calculate the temporal changes in pollution concentration at different stream locations. The presented solution in the presented study is very accurate and only requires the temporal changes in concentration in the upstream and downstream of the study river reach and for this reason, it is very low-cost and easy to use and requires less time to collect data and perform calculations. In the proposed method, the parameters (X, K, ∆t) of the linear Muskingum method were optimized using the PSO algorithm, and by dividing the temporal changes in the input concentration into three areas of the beginning (the input concentration is greater than the output concentration), the peak (the maximum input and output concentrations) and the end (the output concentration is greater than the input concentration) areas, the accuracy of the calculations increased. The mentioned method was studied for different lengths (first case of x = 50 m (up) and x = 75 m (down), second case of x = 50 m (up) and x = 100 m (down), third case of x = 75 m (up) and x = 100 m (down)) and the mean relative error (MRE) of the total, peak area and the relative error of the maximum concentration using constant parameters for the first case were calculated as 7.08, 1.02, and 2.34 percent, for the second case as 7.41, 11.06 and 6.69 percent, and for the third case as 6.75, 3.59 and 5.42 percent, respectively. If three parameters of (X, K, ∆t) are used, the mentioned values improved by 31.3, 63.7 and 65.5 percent, respectively compared to the case of using constant parameters.

Effect of Heavy Metal Polluted River Water on Body Weight and Hemoglobin Level in White Rats (Rattus novergicus)

Contamination of heavy metal on the South Kalimantan River has become a well thrived issue. In the Barito River watershed, it is reported that there are heavy metals in the form of Pb, Hg and Cd. Heavy metals can affect physiological anatomical changes and the hematopoietic system. This study aims to determine the impact of heavy metal contamination on changes in body weight and hemoglobin levels. The research method is a true laboratory experiment using a pre-post-test group design. The subjects used were healthy male white rats (Rattus norvegicus), aged 2-6 months and weighing 250-300 gr. The research group was divided into two groups, the control group (K) was a group of experimental animals that were given distilled water while the treatment group (P) was a group of experimental animals that were given water contaminated with heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Hg) ad libitum for 30 days. The results showed that there was no effect of giving Pb metal; 0.01 mg/l = 0.006 mg/kgBW, Cd; 0.003 mg/l = 0.018 mg/kgBW, Hg; 0.001 mg/l = 0.0006 mg/kgBW and Pb+Cd+Hg; 0.006 mg/kgBB + 0.018 mg/kgBB + 0.0006 mg/kgBB on body weight of white rats. There was a significant decrease in Hb levels in white rat hemoglobin after administration of Pb metal; 0.01 mg/l = 0.006 mg/kgBB. Pb metal in water can influence changes in decreasing Hb levels during sub-acute administration. It can be concluded that there was a significant difference in hemoglobin levels before and after giving water containing Pb/lead metal, whereas in the other groups there was no significant difference, as did the Hb levels.

Treatment of polluted river water using potential bioflocculant produced by Klebsiella pneumonia UKD24.

Chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) is a rapid wastewater treatment process involving treating wastewater with two chemical-aided processes, coagulation, and flocculation. In the present study, a natural extracellular polymeric substance flocculant (EPSBF) produced by Klebsiella pneumonia UKD24, a bacterium isolated from the sewage treatment plant, and a synthetic polyacrylamide anionic polymer flocculant (PAM) were evaluated to treat polluted river water. The synthetic PAM showed immediate turbidity reduction after agitation, while the EPSBF expressed a rapid decrease in optical density. After 20 min of the settling period, the EPSBF showed reduced rates of turbidity, optical density, and chemical oxygen demand at 74.14 ± 5.2%, 89.37 ± 0.76%, and 87.21 ± 0.73%, respectively, while PAM showed 67.08 ± 4%, 85.68 ± 2%, and 86.57 ± 2%, respectively. EPSBF treatment significantly improved the water quality parameters in terms of total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, conductivity, and oxidation-reduction potential than PAM treatment. However, the EPSBF has shown a more water-holding capacity and relatively weak flock formation, producing more sludge volume than PAM. Furthermore, though the sludge produced by the EPSBF treatment had a higher moisture content, it showed shorter capillary suction time (CST). In contrast, sludge formed in PAM treatment had lower moisture content, but it exhibited prolonged CST value indicating that PAM treatment sludge showed slow dewaterability.

Functional Microorganisms Drive the Formation of Black-Odorous Waters.

Black-odorous waters are water bodies that are noticeably abnormal in color or emit unpleasant odors. River water pollution and ecological degradation have gradually emerged with urbanization and rapid economic development, and BOW has become frequent. The black-odorous evolution of urban water bodies is a serious environmental problem in many areas, posing a serious threat to both human health and the ecological environment. Functional microorganisms are closely related to the formation of black-odorous phenomena in water bodies, but the understanding of the mechanisms by which functional microorganisms influence the formation of BOW is very limited. In this study, water samples from the Guangdang River in Yantai, Shandong Province, China, were collected as the bacterial solution in the study, and how environmental factors and functional microorganisms affect the formation of black smelly water was investigated by artificially simulating black smelly water. The results indicated that different environmental factors have different effects on the formation of BOW. Anaerobic conditions accelerated the formation of BOW, and species diversity and species abundance were lowest under this condition. Hydraulic disturbance and nitrate effectively mitigated the BOW phenomenon, in which species diversity and species abundance were higher; controlling either of these variables was effective in mitigating the BOW phenomenon. Desulfobacterota played a key role in the formation of BOW, and reducing the proportion of Desulfobacterota in the microbial community could effectively improve the water quality. Possible directions of electron transfer in the process were hypothesized. This study contributes to identifying the biological driving factors for black-odorous evolution, presents insight for preventing BOW formation, and provides a scientific basis for subsequent BOW management.

Effectiveness of Screening Models in Improving the Quality of Cenrana River Water as a Drinking Water

The objective of this study is to assess the quality of the Cenrana River water as a potential drinking water source for a community in the Cenrana watershed Wajo, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of a basic water purification system in improving its condition. Cenrana River is located in the Maros Regency and Bone Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Material Testing, Faculty of Engineering Universitas Negeri Makassar, and the Makassar Health Laboratory Center. Water samples are taken in the Walanae River located in Bone Regency and tested in the abovementioned laboratory. This type of research is experimental, which involves assembling a simple clarification tool in the material testing laboratory, and then raw water is purified with the device. Water samples, both raw water and purified water, are tested at the Makassar Health Laboratory Center. The data analysis used is qualitative descriptive, which compares the results of laboratory tests of raw water that have not been clarified and the results of laboratory tests of water that have been purified with the parameters of clean water standard criteria based on the regulation by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. The results showed that although the water had been cleaned through two filters, several parameters tended to increase from the previous year's test results with one filter, such as the No2 content from 0.017 to 0.034, No3 from 0.01 to 0.39, dissolved solids from 152 to 156, Fe from 0.01 to 0.17, Mn from 0.01 to 0.15, SO4 from 14.39 to 15, 54, and Ammonia from 0.05 to 0.29 even though it still meets the standards of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. In addition, the raw water coliform content also increased from an average of 6,600/100 ml in 2016 to 20,050/100 ml in 2019. This means that there is a tendency for Cenrana River water pollution may increase every year.

A framework model to integrate sources and pathways in the assessment of river water pollution

Metal and nutrient pollution, soil erosion, and alterations in climate and hydrology are prevalent issues that impact the water quality of riverine systems. However, integrated approaches to assess and isolate causes and paths of river water pollution are scarce, especially in the case of watersheds impacted by multiple hazardous activities. Therefore, a framework model for investigating the multiple sources of river water pollution was developed. The chosen study area was the Paraopeba River basin located in the Minas Gerais, Brazil. Besides multiple agriculture, industrial, and urban pollution sources, this region was profoundly affected by the rupture of the B1 tailings dam (in January 2019) at the Córrego do Feijão mine, resulting in the release of metal-rich waste. Considering this situation, thirty-nine physicochemical and hydromorphological parameters were examined in the Paraopeba River basin, in the 2019–2023 period. The analysis involved various statistical techniques, including bivariate and multivariate methods such as correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and clustering. The Paraopeba River was mainly impacted by metal contamination resulting from the dam collapse, whereas nutrient contamination, mainly from urban and industrial discharges, predominantly affected its tributaries. Additionally, the elevated concentrations of aluminum, iron, nitrate, and sulfate in both main river and tributaries can be attributed to diffuse and point source pollution. In terms of hydromorphology and soil type, the interaction between woody vegetation and erosion-resistant soils, especially latosols, contributes to the stability of riverbanks in the main river. Meanwhile, in the tributaries, the presence of neosols and sparse vegetation in urbanized areas promoted riverbank erosion potentially amplifying pollution. While the study was conducted in a particular watershed, the findings are based on a methodology that can be applied universally. Hence, the insights on surface water quality from this research can be a valuable resource for researchers studying watersheds with diverse pollution sources.

River water pollution in Lebanon: the country's most underestimated public health challenge.

Due to the several interconnected crises that Lebanon has been facing for the past 4 years, many important social and environmental issues have been overlooked until more "pressing" ones are dealt with. Consequently, water pollution in Lebanon continues to worsen. This study aimed to describe the microbiological and chemical properties of the 10 main rivers in Lebanon and to assess their suitability for irrigation, while exploring some of the solutions to the problem. This cross-sectional study evaluated the pollution level of water from 10 rivers in Lebanon in June 2023 and their suitability for irrigation. Samples were collected at 3°C and their quality parameters were measured. Statistical analysis was conducted using R statistical software version 4.0.2. Compared to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) guidelines for safe irrigation water use, 4 out of the 10 samples had pH levels exceeding the permissible threshold, resulting in severe limitations on their usability. Three rivers had nitrate concentrations that exceeded the approved range, thus constraining their severe usage. Among the rivers, 60% had Escherichia coli levels higher than the permissible spectrum and 40% had faecal coliform counts exceeding FAO's upper limit recommendation. All water sources, however, had total dissolved solid levels that were within the recommended range. Polluted water can have a negative impact on human, wildlife and ecosystem health. Most of the assessed rivers in our study contained bacterial colonies, above the maximum recommended internationally. There is therefore an urgent need to address pollution issues in Lebanese waters to make them suitable for irrigation and other uses.

Analysis of River Environmental Pollution Factors

The problem of polluted river water quality is part of current environmental problems. A lot of pollution is caused by industrial factory waste, household waste, and rubbish. This causes the condition of the river ecosystem to decline and hurts humans and the environment. Pollution that occurs in rivers is a result of human behavior which increasingly ignores the surrounding environment. The consequences of human behavior that is wrong in treating the river environment will ultimately become a disaster that is detrimental to humans themselves. This research aims to detect whether there is a correlation between knowledge and attitudes held by the community regarding behavior to protect the river environment. The hypothesis proposed in this study is: that behavior to maintain the health of the river environment is influenced by knowledge and attitude variables. The sample in this research was 300 students. The influence of knowledge on behavior has a significant relationship with a p-value of 0.00. The influence of attitudes on behavior has a significant relationship with a p-value of 0.00. There is positive behavior to protect river ecosystems and also environmental sustainability in rivers, but there are also students who behave indifferently towards the environment and tend to be indifferent.

Evaluation of the potentials of rice varieties and water management practices for reducing human health risks associated with polluted river water irrigated rice in Bangladesh

The consumption of arsenic and trace-metal-contaminated rice is a human health concern worldwide, particularly in Bangladesh. In this study, the effects of rice varieties and water management practices on the concentrations of arsenic and trace metals in rice grains were investigated to reduce human health risks related to rice consumption. In addition, the performance of risk reduction using the optimum combination of rice variety and water management practices was quantitatively assessed using Monte Carlo simulation, in which non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk distributions under the status quo and the optimum combination were compared. The experimental results revealed that Dular and BRRI dhan45 (rice varieties) cultivated under alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and continuous flooding (CF) conditions showed the lowest hazard quotient (HQ) values for copper, cadmium, and arsenic and the lowest target cancer risk (TR) for arsenic. In Dular and BRRI dhan45 (AWD and CF) varieties, the proportion of the population for which HQs exceeded 1.0 (the reference value) tended to decrease (except for arsenic), compared with populations for which the rice varieties and water management practices were not specified. These results suggest that the use of optimum combinations of rice varieties and water management practices could reduce non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks associated with arsenic and trace metals uptake via rice grain consumption by the Bangladeshi people.

Evaluating heavy metal contamination and ecological risks in rivers surrounding Banyuroto Landfill in Indonesia

This study, carried out between May and June 2023, aimed to assess the influence of landfill leachate on environmental conditions, specifically regarding the pollution of river water near the Banyuroto landfill. The parameter of the difference heavy metals in this study are Mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr), Manganese (Mn), Copper (Cu), and Iron (Fe). The potential ecological risk index is investigated due to the harm to the nearby river ecology. The sampling was conducted at eight discrete locations in close proximity to the dump. The levels of heavy metals were quantified using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Furthermore, the Potential Ecological Risk (PER) technique was utilized to assess the potential environmental dangers that these metals may pose. The findings unveiled disparate concentrations of heavy metals across the various locations where point 5 of the sampling become most polluted area due to increased anthropogenic activities. The Mercury (Hg) concentrations ranged from 0.014 to 0.032 mg/kg, whereas the Cadmium (Cd) and Chromium (Cr) levels exhibited minimal variation in the below Limit of Detection (LOD). Lead (Pb) exhibited LOD readings, suggesting their minimum presence. The concentrations of Manganese (Mn) and Copper (Cu) were relatively low, whereas Iron (Fe) exhibited the greatest levels, ranging from 0.2405 to 1.2209 mg/l. The maximum potential ecological risk values were calculated and ranked from highest to lowest as follows: Hg (262.19) > Fe (20.35) > Cr (0.374) > Cd (0.245) > Cu (0.297) > Mn (0.100). Remarkably, the possible environmental hazards associated with all heavy metal characteristics constantly remained below the threshold of 40 except the maximum concentration of the total of Heavy Metals. This indicates that their concentrations present a substantial ecological danger in some situations.

Characterization of Na and K Level in Ujjaini River Water in Amethi, UP, India

Abstract: Ujjaini River is the main source of water for aquatic life and household things related to human beings. The traditional living drinking water quality assessment can evaluate wholly the impact of river water quality on human body. Drinking water safety is an important part in water scientific field. In the presented study a number of water samples were collected from selected sites of Ujjaini River in Amethi, UP India in the month of August-2020. The collected water samples were carried out to the laboratory to analyze the Na and K level to check the suitability of water for drinking and cooking purposes, by using standard procedures. People usually identify River water pollution when people start getting sick while drinking it, once discovered River water pollution needs to be addressed, both to clean the contaminated water and to prevent its spread. At result it was found that these parameters were present in permissible limits according to the BIS and WHO standards yet we should check the quality of River water time to time. People can help to prevent the River water pollution by disposing of hazardous materials like oil, paints, unused prescriptions and solvents responsible in a facility which is certified to handle such materials.

Extrajudicial Dispute Resolution in Handling Environmental Cases in Indonesia (Case Study: River Water Pollution by PT Sugar Labinta in South Lampung)

This paper examines extrajudicial dispute resolution mechanisms utilized in addressing environmental cases in Indonesia, with a focus on a specific case involving the alleged pollution of river water by PT Sugar Labinta in South Lampung. It delves into the legal frameworks, stakeholder engagement processes, and outcomes of extrajudicial dispute resolution efforts in environmental matters. Drawing on a case study approach, the paper analyzes the effectiveness and challenges of extrajudicial mechanisms in resolving environmental disputes, particularly in cases of alleged pollution by industrial entities. It explores the roles of various stakeholders, including government agencies, industry representatives, affected communities, and non-governmental organizations, in the resolution process. Furthermore, the paper evaluates the implications of extrajudicial dispute resolution on environmental protection, legal accountability, and community rights. It examines the extent to which such mechanisms contribute to the realization of environmental justice, sustainable development, and corporate responsibility in Indonesia. In conclusion, the paper offers insights into the strengths and limitations of extrajudicial dispute resolution in handling environmental cases, using the PT Sugar Labinta case as a lens. It suggests recommendations for improving the effectiveness and fairness of extrajudicial mechanisms, enhancing transparency, accountability, and community participation in environmental decision-making processes.

Urban green space optimization in Sorong City of Southwest Papua Province based on environmental carrying capacity and environmental capacity

Immediate action is required to optimize the urban green open spaces in Sorong City to meet the obligation of increasing the baseline from 8.21% to 32.96%. The process will involve several stakeholders, including the Regional Government of Sorong City and Southwest Papua Province, Vertical Institutions, University of Papua, Development Partners, Indigenous Peoples, Media, and Private Parties. Upon evaluating the starting conditions in Sorong City, it is observed that the Environmental Quality Index (EQI) value stands at 58.96, indicating a sufficient category. This is mainly attributed to the detrimental impact of river water pollution (Water Quality Index, WQI) and the diminished coverage (Forest Cover Index, FCI) resulting from various commercial activities in metropolitan areas. Given the escalating climate change and the rise in hydrometeorological disasters, particularly heavy rainfall, erosion, and landslides, Sorong City must maximize the utilization of open green spaces (GOS). By improving the GOS, it was found that the Sorong Green Index (SGI) value was 94.77 in the outstanding category. In addition, utilizing the POAC approach for management analysis, it is imperative to promptly take necessary measures for various functions that are now inactive. The parties are expected to fulfill the task of job tagging and budget tagging to establish regional action plans.

Biomonitoring as an Effort to Monitor River Water Quality with Parameters of BOD, DO, pH, TDS and the Presence of Macrozoobenthos in the Rolak River Area, Surabaya City

Many of the person who built settlements in riverbank areas, this allows residents in riverbank areasto become accustomed to disposing of waste directly into the river. In the end, this waste threatens the success of river flow, polluted river water has a serious impact on the health and quality of the environment around the riverbanks, such as the negative impact caused by this pollution, for example, such as health which has an impact on the surrounding environment or others. Because it is important to understand the natural health relationship, this study chose a river area that is located around the Rolak area of Surabaya, this place was chosen because the area is around a densely populated area and an industrial area. So that it can be used as research because the area certainly has a high level of pollution. As a result of the impact of the many residential and industrial areas around the river, the biomonitoring method is carried out to identify river pollution from its physical habitat by monitoring environmental health using living organisms in the river. Therefore the biomonitoring method can be applied because the advantages of this method can also be used including helping identify by using test parameters such as measuring pH, temperature and oxygen content in river water. that has been done before. Then the biotic examination can be used as a guide that can represent the quality of a body of water, from observations at several points the river is known to have a color that tends to be brownish due to turbidity levels, the pH parameters at each sample point are classified as normal and for Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) there is content of 339 mg/l, this is thought to be due to the source of domestic waste pollution from residents' settlements around the river banks. For DO test results there are only five points that meet quality standards. As for the diversity of bioindicators at each point, such as the presence of weeds at the first point, while the presence of water hyacinth can only be seen at the third and fourth points, the macrozoobenthos that are commonly found in the mangrove area are from the Mollusca, Annelida, and Arthropoda.

A Preliminary Analysis of Heavy Metals Consentration on Existing Mesoplastic in a Tropical River: Study Cases in Deli River

Mesoplastics are plastic particles with dimensions ranging from 0.5 cm to 2.5 cm. The objective of this study is to examine the concentration of Pb and Cd in existing mesoplastics and the water of the Deli River in Medan City, as well as investigate the correlation between these two variables. The sampling was conducted using grab samples, and the mesoplastic degradation process was performed using wet digestion. The mean quantity of mesoplastic is 1.58 grammes per hour. The concentration of Cd in river water remains below acceptable limits; however, the concentration of Pb in river water is beyond the water quality requirements set by the Indonesian government. Analysis of Cd and Pb metals in mesoplastic reveals elevated concentrations compared to new plastic (control) and the levels of Pb and Cd metals in Deli River water. Pearson correlation tests indicate a significant correlation between the concentration of Cd in mesoplastic and Cd in water, but no such correlation is observed for Pb metal. Environmental factors, the interaction between polymer type and metal in absorption capacity, the presence of additional sources of pollution in river water, and the age of the plastic are just a few that have an impact on the presence of metal in existing mesoplastic and water.