Adsorption Of Pollutants Research Articles

Remarkable adsorptive capacity and reusability performance of magnetic magnetite@silica@L-histidine nanocomposite towards gaseous benzene pollutant

Herein, magnetic magnetite@silica@L-histidine (Fe3O4@SiO2@L-Hist) core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared as novel adsorbents via chemical co-precipitation and sol-gel technology for the adsorption of gaseous benzene pollutant. The Fe3O4, Fe3O4@SiO2 and Fe3O4@SiO2@L-Hist NPs were characterized using a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), SEM - energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The adsorption capacities of Fe3O4, Fe3O4@SiO2 and Fe3O4@SiO2@L-Hist NPs for benzene were found to be 188, 279 and 481 mg g−1, respectively, with Fe3O4@SiO2@L-Hist NPs demonstrating the highest capacity. Kinetic and isotherm studies indicated that the pseudo-2nd-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model provided the best fit to the experimental data, suggesting favorable physical adsorption. In addition, Fe3O4, Fe3O4@SiO2 and Fe3O4@SiO2@L-Hist NPs exhibited remarkable reusability, with reuse efficiencies of 85.67, 89.65 and 91.73 %, respectively, after five recycle cycles, demonstrating their potential for practical benzene remediation applications. Overall, this study offers valuable insights into creating effective and sustainable adsorbents for eliminating volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This contributes to mitigating air pollution and safeguarding both human health and the environment.

Novel bamboo-derived composites for the efficient adsorption of a methylene blue pollutant

Novel bamboo-derived composites for the efficient adsorption of a methylene blue pollutant

Preparation of attapulgite nanoparticles modified polypropylene adsorption membrane and its application in small molecular pollutant adsorption

In this study, a novel surface covalent reaction method was used to modify attapulgite nanoparticles on the surface of polypropylene adsorption membrane to adsorb various small molecular pollutants for the first time. The surface covalent reaction method has the advantage of step control. Therefore, the uniformity and stability of attapulgite nanoparticles can be ensured, and then could effectively improve the adsorption performance of polypropylene adsorption membrane. On the other hand, compared with various materials modified on the surface of polypropylene adsorption membrane currently, attapulgite nanoparticles has the characteristics of low cost and environmental friendliness, which is more conducive to the large-scale practical application. The polypropylene adsorption membrane modified with attapulgite nanoparticles was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared spectrometer and X-ray diffractograph, and it was confirmed that the attapulgite nanoparticles was successfully modified on the surface of the polypropylene adsorption membrane. The experimental results showed that the adsorption capacities of polypropylene adsorption membrane modified with attapulgite nanoparticles could reach 11.53 mg/g, 8.7 mg/g and 5.78 mg/g for cyromazine, malachite green and dagenan respectively within 10 s. In the case of the above three analytes, the minimum detected concentration could reach 0.02 mg/mL, and the relative standard deviation was about 10 %. At the same time, the adsorption performance of polypropylene adsorption membrane modified with attapulgite nanoparticles did not decrease significantly after 50 cycles. A standard recovery of 76.8 % − 89.5 % and a relative standard deviation of 7.2 % − 15.2 % were obtained by using the polypropylene adsorption membrane modified with attapulgite nanoparticles to adsorb cyromazine in cucumber skin samples, indicating that the polypropylene adsorption membrane modified with attapulgite nanoparticles has the ability to treat complex samples.

From waste to wonder: Developing engineered nanomaterials for multifaceted applications

The escalating generation of industrial and consumer waste poses a significant environmental challenge, necessitating innovative approaches to waste management and resource utilization. One promising solution lies in the transformation of waste materials into engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), which hold immense potential for a diverse range of applications. This review explores the development of ENMs from waste, highlighting their multifaceted uses in environmental remediation, energy storage, medical applications, and advanced manufacturing. The process of converting waste into ENMs involves sophisticated techniques such as chemical vapour deposition, sol-gel synthesis, and hydrothermal methods, which enable the creation of materials with precise structural and functional properties at the nanoscale. By utilizing waste as a raw material, this approach not only addresses waste disposal issues but also provides a sustainable and cost-effective source of high-value nanomaterials. ENMs derived from waste exhibit unique properties, including high surface area, tunable porosity, and enhanced reactivity, making them suitable for environmental applications such as pollutant adsorption, water purification, and air filtration. In the energy sector, these nanomaterials contribute to the development of advanced batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells, enhancing energy storage and conversion efficiency. The biomedical field benefits from waste-derived ENMs through their application in drug delivery systems, diagnostic tools, and tissue engineering. The biocompatibility and functional versatility of these materials enable targeted therapeutic interventions and innovative medical solutions. Furthermore, in advanced manufacturing, ENMs improve the performance and durability of materials used in electronics, coatings, and composites, fostering the development of next-generation products with superior properties. The integration of waste-derived ENMs into various industries represents a paradigm shift towards a circular economy, where waste is not merely a byproduct but a valuable resource. This approach aligns with global sustainability goals, promoting resource efficiency, reducing environmental impact, and driving technological advancements. In conclusion, the development of engineered nanomaterials from waste exemplifies the transformative potential of nanotechnology in addressing critical environmental and industrial challenges. By harnessing waste as a resource, this innovative approach paves the way for multifaceted applications that contribute to environmental sustainability, technological progress, and economic growth. Further research and development in this field will continue to expand the possibilities and impact of waste-derived ENMs in various sectors.

The research progress of bio char in environmental pollution and treatment

In recent years, various forms of environmental pollution have become increasingly severe, leading to a dangerous state in the atmosphere, water, and soil environments. This poses a threat to people's daily lives and has sparked widespread concern in society. Concurrently, bio char, a novel carbon material known for its large specific surface area, porosity, affordability, and excellent adsorption capabilities, has garnered attention. The incremental development and utilization of bio char have positioned it as a promising contender in sewage treatment, air pollution control, soil pollution treatment and other pollutant adsorption processes. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the preparation of bio char, its current research status, and the factors influencing its adsorption efficiency through an extensive literature survey.

Exceeding the theoretical limit of interfacial evaporation efficiency by using the carbon-based aerogel evaporator with cold evaporation surface

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology has shown significant potential in the field of water treatment. Heat loss is still inevitable during the SIE process, since the temperature at the evaporation interface surpasses both the ambient temperature and the temperature of the water below. In this study, we presented a study on an aerogel composed of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and polypyrrole (PPy). The self-aggregation effect of rGO was mitigated through π-π interactions with MWCNTs and PPy, resulting in the formation of a three-dimensional porous structure. This provided the aerogel with a large specific surface area for pollutant adsorption and ample pore volume for photo-induced degradation and photothermal water purification. Using infrared thermography, thermocouples and numerical simulation, it was demonstrated that introducing a cold evaporation surface resulted in thermal flow reversal. This process allowed the evaporator to extract energy from bulk water, thereby enhancing solar evaporation. Due to this gain, under one sun illumination, the aerogel reached an evaporation rate as high as 3.31 kg·m−2·h−1 and achieved an evaporation efficiency of 135.6 %. Simultaneously, the aerogel exhibited a photocatalytic efficiency of over 90 % for various organic pollutants (methylene blue trihydrate, trypan blue and tetracycline hydrochloride). Moreover, it also demonstrated excellent purification ability for combined wastewater, including high-salinity water, seawater and lubricant/water emulsions. Therefore, high-performance interfacial evaporators hold great promise for achieving sustainable wastewater purification and serve as a valuable reference for the development of new solar energy conversion systems.

Fe reaction sites enhance the removal of tetracycline over Fe-Bi3O4Br with intensified adsorption and photocatalysis

An adsorption-coupling photocatalytic degradation system is a promising strategy for removing emerging pollutants with coexisting substances. Here, Fe-Bi3O4Br was designed and prepared via a hydrothermal method, which intensified tetracycline adsorption and reactive oxygen species formation originated from molecular oxygen. The improvements in adsorption and photocatalytic activity enhanced the generation and utilization of active species, leading to an increase of over 30 % in removal efficiency of tetracycline. Adsorption experiments proved that Fe doping optimized the specific surface area and the dominant crystal plane (020), which was beneficial for ion exchange adsorption of tetracycline. For photocatalytic degradation, the introduced Fe (Fe3+/Fe2+ redox pathway) acted as the reaction sites for molecular oxygen activation and as the enrichment sites for photogenerated electrons, leading to a lower recombination rate of photogenerated electrons and holes. With the influence of Fe doping, more ∙O2- (approximately 1.8 times) were produced for degradation. This study clarified the mechanism of Fe doping on pollutant adsorption and molecular oxygen activation for bismuth-rich materials, as well as a reference for antibiotic removal via adsorption coupling degradation.

Biodiesel production, calcium recovery, and adsorbent synthesis using dairy sludge

Dairy sludge (DS) consists of organic compounds such as lipids and valuable inorganic elements. Biodiesel recovery from dairy sludge extract (DSE), using conventional acid (trans)esterification yielded only 16.5 wt%. In contrast, non-catalytic (trans)esterification generated a substantially higher biodiesel yield of approximately 74.0 wt% due to the method’s tolerance for impurities. Defatted dairy sludge (DDS) contained a higher Ca concentration than DS. DDS-produced biochar (DDSB) increased its Ca concentration predominantly in the form of CaO. 91.1% of the Ca was recovered from the DDSB containing Ca. The Ca remaining in the biochar residue (DDSBR) after Ca recovery was in the form of CaCO3. The porous structure developed as the Ca dissolved, implying that DDSBR could be an effective pollutant adsorbent. In this study, a method is proposed to maximize the utilization of DS by producing biodiesel, recovering Ca content, and using it as a pollutant adsorbent.

Graphene Composites and its Application in Environmental Treatment

Graphene, as a new two-dimensional material, is an ideal material for pollutant adsorption because of its large specific surface area and strong adsorption capacity. Moreover, graphene has an ultra-high electron transport capacity and can be used as a carrier of photocatalysis to further treat pollutants, so it has a wide range of applications in the field of environmental governance. However, with the application of graphene in the field of environmental treatment, the shortcomings of graphene are gradually exposed, such as easy aggregation, easy oxidation and biological toxicity. In recent years, in order to better meet the needs of removing pollutants in the environment and solve the shortcomings of graphene, graphene composites came into being. In this paper, three kinds of graphene composites which can solve the problems of easy aggregation, easy oxidation and biological toxicity of graphene are found out from thousands of graphene composites, and the basic properties, preparation methods and applications in environmental treatment are summarized respectively. They are graphene/metal oxide composites, porous foam/graphene oxide composites and graphene oxide/chitosan composites. At the same time, the application of graphene composites in pollutant adsorption and degradation and the problems existing in this process are also introduced in detail.

BiOCl-PVDF nanofibrous membrane for synergic oil-water separation and degradation of dye

Polymeric membranes have garnered remarkable attention, attributed to the significant breakthrough in the filtration of oily wastewater. However, the major setbacks of pristine polymeric membranes include susceptibility to fouling and chemical instability. Addressing such issues, this work focusses in the modification of polymer membranes using a metal oxyhalide, such as Bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl). This modification not only enhances water purification capabilities but also strengthens the membrane, protecting it from environmental deterioration and extending its lifespan. BiOCl was integrated into an electrospun pristine nanofibrous polymeric membrane using hydrothermal technique. The synthesized membrane matrix displayed superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity, effectively separating oil-in-water mixtures and emulsions. Moreover, BiOCl was effectively utilized to assess organic pollutant adsorption and degradation through photocatalysis. In addition, the membrane exhibited exceptional recyclability and withstood harsh conditions, contributing to its mechanical stability. The numerous advantages, enhance the effectiveness of BiOCl modified membrane in water pollution remediation.

Synthesis and application of SBA-15 adsorbent for the removal of organic and inorganic substances.

This study investigates the adsorption of pollutants with different chemical structures; organic Naphtol Green B (NGB) dye and copper on a nanocomposite material with a hexagonal structure of the SBA-15 type. This research is divided into two main parts: the first carries out the synthesis of SBA-15 (Santa Barbra Amourphous) and its derivatives phases functionalized by 3-aminopropyl-triethoxylane (APTES) and calcined at 823K. The second part presents the influence of the adsorption conditions on the adsorption efficiency of NGB dye and copper. High-resolution X-ray diffractogram (XRD) showed three distinct peaks characteristic of highly ordered mesoporous material. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm of SBA-15 at 77K° is type IV typical of mesoporous materials. In addition, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was also used in the characterization before and after the adsorption of the selected pollutants. At optimal conditions of pH 5.2, initial concentration of 50mg/L, adsorbent dosage of 20mg, and at adsorption time of 90min the maximum removal of pollutants reached 76% and the adsorption capacity was 227.25mg/g for NGB dye and 221.006mg/g for copper. Furthermore, the adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model, indicating that chemisorption was the dominant mechanism and the Sips isotherm model best described the adsorption data. Our research demonstrates that the SBA-15 material after modification is an effective adsorbent for removing effluents regardless of their different chemical structure (organic and inorganic).

Adsorption of an organic pollutant in to exchanged NaX zeolite: Thermodynamic study

NaX zeolite was modified with copper ions and used for the adsorption of mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) from aqueous solution. Characterization studies by XRD, DTA/TGA and SEM/EDX confirmed the successful ion exchange and the retention of the zeolite's crystalline structure. XRD results show that the most intense peaks characteristic of 13X persist after the exchange reaction for all samples, with crystallinity ranging from 81 % for the Cu(27)X zeolite to 38 % for the Cu(88)X sample. All exchanged zeolites exhibited optimal MBT adsorption at pH= 6, with adsorption increasing with temperature. It is 195.3 mg/g for the best adsorbent. FTIR and XRD analyses revealed that the adsorption mechanism involves a strong chemical interaction between the nitrogen atom of MBT and the copper ions within the zeolite framework.

Hybrid Powder‐Based Additive Manufacturing of Laser‐Induced Graphene 3D Architectures with Tunable Porous Microstructures from Waste Sources of Black Liquor and White Pollution

AbstractMacroscopic 3D‐controllable graphene (3D‐CG) architectures not only retain the intrinsic properties of graphene sheets but also exhibit structural advantages for pollutant adsorption and energy storage. This paper proposes a novel hybrid powder‐based additive manufacturing method to fabricate 3D biomass‐derived laser‐induced graphene (3D B‐LIG) structures with customizable geometries and microporous features. This method utilizes two waste sources as feedstock precursors for sustainable graphene production: “black liquor” (sodium lignosulfonate, NaLS) and “white pollution” (polypropylene, PP). Employing a computer‐aided design process, this method allows for the synchronous creation of various freeform macrostructures, with either identical or variable sections. To optimize the formability and processing efficiency of 3D B‐LIG, systematic studies have been conducted. These studies establish the relationship between processing parameters and the resulting structures by controlling the laser parameters and the mixing ratio of NaLS and PP. By leveraging tunable microporous structures with a maximized specific surface area of 485.3 m2 g−1, 3D B‐LIG demonstrates exceptional performance in pollutant adsorption (with a maximum adsorption capacity of 283.3 mg g−1 for methylene blue) and energy storage (with a gravimetric specific capacitance value of 194.9 F g−1).

Versatile and durable polyvinyl alcohol/alginate/gelatin/quaternary ammonium chitosan/Fe3O4 particles hybrid hydrogel beads: adsorption capabilities for cleaning pollutants

A novel hybrid hydrogel bead (HHBFe) composed of polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/gelatin/quaternary ammonium chitosan (PVA/GA/SA/QCS) and Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles was developed through green cross-linking of Ca2+ and tannic acid (TA) combined freeze-thaw method. HHBFe exhibited a good spherical shape, porosity, magnetic properties, and excellent mechanical properties and durability. The adsorption capacity of HHB and HHBFe towards methyl orange (MO), tetracycline (Tc), and Cr (VI) was systematically studied and compared. Results revealed similar adsorption capacities for MO and Cr (VI) between HHB and HHBFe, while the presence of Fe3O4 significantly enhanced Tc adsorption, indicating the versatile adsorption functions of HHBFe. Adsorption kinetic followed the pseudo-second-order model, with external diffusion and intra-particle diffusion controlling process. The adsorption data were consistent with the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model, indicating predominantly monolayer adsorption of pollutants by beads. Notably, the beads exhibited easily regenerated, maintaining 60 % of initial adsorption capacity after 5 cycles, particularly for Tc and Cr (VI). The good adsorption performance of HHBFe can be attributed to the strong interaction between their multi-functional groups including phenolic hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, amino groups, etc., and pollutant molecules. The multifunctional HHBFe beads prepared in this study and the results obtained with three completely different types of pollutants provide reliability support for their use in different wastewater treatment fields and even in the field of drug carriers.

Biodegradable Natural Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering, Controlled Release, and Soil Remediation.

This article provides insights into hydrogels of the most promising biodegradable natural polymers and their mechanisms of degradation, highlighting the different possibilities of controlling hydrogel degradation rates. Since biodegradable hydrogels can be designed as scaffolding materials to mimic the physical and biochemical properties of natural tissues, these hydrogels have found widespread application in the field of tissue engineering and controlled release. In the same manner, their potential as water reservoirs, macro- and microelement carriers, or matrixes for the selective adsorption of pollutants make them excellent candidates for sustainable soil amendment solutions. Accordingly, this article summarizes the recent advances in natural biodegradable hydrogels in the fields of tissue engineering, controlled release, and soil remediation, emphasizing the new opportunities that degradability and its tunability offer for the design and applicability of hydrogels.

A Critical Review of the Crucial Role of the Yellow River's Sediment in the Interfacial Migration and Fate of Pollutants and Prospects for the Application of Environmental Sediment Restoration.

Considering the increasing sediment content and increasing sediment flux of the Yellow River over the years, it is of significance to investigate the potential interfacial force mechanism between pollutants and Yellow River sediment. This article has reviewed the current research on the Yellow River sediments' mineral structures while investigating the potential interaction force between sediment and pollutants in the water environment. This article has conducted a comprehensive analysis of the influence of sediment on the migration of pollutants in the water environment. What is more, the authors have provided an outlook on the future applications of sediment in ecological environmental systems. Yellow River sediment mainly included minerals and some clay phases, while its irregular surface provided sites for the interface adsorption of pollutants. The interface force between the sediment and pollutants is mainly attributed to promoting bacterial growth on the surface of sediments, physisorption, and chemisorption forces. The sediments carry and transport pollutants during the long-distance water flow migration process. The sediment should be effectively utilized and better integrated into ecological or environmental restoration systems. This article provides a reference for studying the behavior of Yellow River sediment and the direction of future efficient utilization.

Preparation and characterization of hierarchically porous hybrid gels for efficient dye adsorption.

Water treatment faces significant challenges due to the increasing complexity of pollutants and the need for more efficient, sustainable treatment methods. However, current adsorbent materials often struggle with issues such as low adsorption capacity, slow kinetics, and poor reusability, limiting their practical application. In this study, we developed a novel hierarchical porous hybrid gel (HPHG) for water treatment to address the limitations of conventional adsorbents. The HPHG features a multi-level porous structure (from 48 ± 28 nm to 4385 ± 823 nm) that significantly enhances its porosity and specific surface area. We systematically investigated the relationship between the material's structure and its adsorption performance. Kinetic studies revealed a tendency towards a pseudo-second-order adsorption model, attributed to the material's unique structural features that facilitate rapid mass exchange channels inside HPHG and provide abundant active sites for pollutant adsorption. Reusability tests demonstrated that the material retained 85.4% of its initial adsorption capacity after five adsorption-desorption cycles, highlighting its potential for practical applications. This study provides valuable insights into structure-performance relationships in advanced water treatment materials, offering a promising approach for designing next-generation adsorbents with superior efficiency and sustainability.

Impact of Mechanochemical Activation (MChA) on Characteristics and Dye Adsorption Behavior of Sawdust-Based Biocarbons.

The increase in environmental pollution due to the development of industry and human activity has resulted in intensive development of research on the possibility of its purification. A very effective method is the pollutants' adsorption from the air and water environment. For adsorption to be effective, materials with a specific structure and a well-developed surface decorated with numerous functionalities, e.g., biocarbons (BC), are necessary. An effective method of activating biocarbons is mechanochemical milling, an environmentally friendly procedure. This paper describes the possibility of using mechanochemical activation (MChA) of non-porous biocarbons to develop surface and porosity for their use in processes of pollutant adsorption. BC was characterized based on N2 adsorption, thermogravimetry (TGA), SEM/EDS imaging, Fourier (ATR-FTIR) and Raman spectroscopies, as well as titration using the Boehm method and determination of zeta potential. The adsorption capacity of BC for methylene blue (MB) was studied. It was proven that the solvent-free MChA made it possible to obtain microporous biocarbons, causing an intensive increase in the surface area and pore volume and the generation of oxygen functionalities. The biocarbons had predominantly acidic (mainly carboxylic) or basic functionalities and exhibited an amorphous structure. BC proved to be effective in adsorbing MB from aqueous solutions.

Investigation of Sewage Sludge–Derived Biochar for Enhanced Pollutant Adsorption: Effect of Particle Size and Alkali Treatment

Investigation of Sewage Sludge–Derived Biochar for Enhanced Pollutant Adsorption: Effect of Particle Size and Alkali Treatment

Biofilms on microplastic surfaces and their effect on pollutant adsorption in the aquatic environment

Biofilms on microplastic surfaces and their effect on pollutant adsorption in the aquatic environment