Polling Method Research Articles

Analysis of cybersecurity competencies: Recommendations for telecommunications policy

The paper aims to analyse and assess cybersecurity competencies and define the recommended solutions to improve the human factor in cybersecurity. The article presents the results of theoretical and empirical research that were carried out in 2019–2021. The research subject constitutes one of the priorities of many countries and international organisations. Cybersecurity is one of the essential foundations for implementing the idea of sustainable development. A cybersecurity analysis using a layered structure was proposed in the theoretical part. Empirical research was conducted using a diagnostic poll method based on a survey. The presentation of the research results includes an analysis of statistical dependencies. The paper presents the research results on cybersecurity competencies in the field of threats to state cyberspace and methods of securing and protecting data. An important element of the research was to identify forms of education that can be used to achieve greater efficiency in increasing cybersecurity competencies. The result of the implementation of the research objectives was the development of recommended solutions facilitating the improvement of the human factor in the field of cybersecurity.

The process of forming students’ pedagogical professionalism

Objectives of the study: Assessing the process of students’ forming pedagogical professionalism at Hanoi National University of Education (HNUE), Vietnam. Research Methods: We used the polling method through questionnaires to collect information for the research process. Two questionnaires were designed for two groups of subjects, group 1 for 203 students and group 2 for 18 administrators and lecturers. We use mathematical statistical methods, and data analysis to make judgments. Research results: A part of students do not have a full sense of pedagogical professionalism. The process of forming students’ pedagogical professionalism has not been clearly shaped from the identification and implementation of goals, principles, content and activities involved in this process. At the end of the study, we propose four measures to overcome the above limitations at HNUE.

Revisiting the Falklands-Malvinas Question: Transnational and Interdisciplinary Perspectives

Revisiting the Falklands-Malvinas Question: Transnational and Interdisciplinary Perspectives

Financial Support to Polish Families Regarding Leisure, Including Those from Rural Areas, during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Example of a Tourist Voucher

Purpose: The coronavirus pandemic has significantly affected the Polish economy and the tourism market. Following the quarantine lockdown and the restriction of the activity of many sectors, some people lost their jobs or were forced to remain at home. As part of counteracting the economic crisis, the Polish government launched a support fund program, the so-called Anti-crisis Shield. When the second wave of the pandemic arose, the Industry Shields program was implemented. A separate shield was provided for the tourism industry, which was offered preferential loans, the establishment of an additional stopover and the suspension of all social security contributions for the tourism industry. The aim of the study is to show the essence of the Tourist Voucher Program and to indicate how Polish families who benefit from this form of support rate this Program. Design/Approach/Methodology: A pilot study was carried out with the use of the diagnostic poll method, using the survey technique and a questionnaire form as a research tool. The study was conducted in September 2021 on a sample of 438 people from all over Poland. Due to the termination of the program in 2022, the topic requires further comparative empirical research. Findings: The research conducted has shown that the Tourist Voucher Program aroused great interest. The respondents mostly paid with the Voucher for their stays at agritourism farms or guesthouses, thereby fulfilling their children's dreams, which would not have been possible had it not been for the Program. According to the majority of the respondents, the Program was deemed favourable despite the fact that part of the respondents considered the support amount of PLN 500 as insufficient. Practical Implications: The Tourist Voucher Program is an additional support, both for those Polish families affected by the economic slowdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic as well as for tourist entrepreneurs and public benefit organizations who have wished to continue accepting Voucher payments for hotel services or tourist events. Originality/Value: The proposed solutions in the form of the Tourist Voucher are supposed to contribute to the development of the tourism industry in Poland and help Polish families to decide to go on vacation and indicate that there are such and other support instruments.

Teachers’ Opinions About One-to-One Tuition – a Report From Poland

One-to-one tuition is an important form of assistance dedicated to pupils who, due to their health issues, are unable to temporarily (or permanently) participate in traditionally organised schooling. In view of teachers’ scepticism towards one-to-one tuition, mostly because it fails to satisfy children’s needs of personal contact with peers, the study was conducted among educators. The results presented here are part of larger research on one-to-one education. The aim was to find out teachers’ opinions about one-to-one tuition and mandatory year-long one-to-one preschool education. The material for analysis was collected with the diagnostic poll method, employing a questionnaire technique. The respondents had to be professionally active teachers. The survey participants evaluated their experience in one-to-one tuition as a positive one. Very few provided negative opinions, these being mainly because of the financial costs or the learners’ home and family environment being unfavourable for teaching. It is optimistic to assume that the research participants acknowledge the opportunities that one-to-one tuition creates for working with school pupils. The limited contact of an ill child with peers is most often referred to as a disadvantage of this form of tuition. A change which was most frequently suggested in the organisation of one-to-one tuition was the implementation of modern technologies, the Internet, and online teaching applications. The respondents suggested that the teachers delegated to work with a student at home should be the ones appointed by the school head teacher. It was rather discouraging to discover that the surveyed teachers believed a person delegated to carry out one-to-one tuition did not need special preparation.

Evaluation of satisfaction with nursing care in the Children’s Surgery Department

Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the satisfaction of parents with nursing care at a pedi-atric surgery department. Material and method: The research was conducted among parents / caregivers of children discharged from the ward in the period from February to April 2019. The study involved 50 respondents. The test method was a diagnostic poll method in the form of a questionnaire. The research tool was a questionnaire of own authorship. Results: Factors determining satisfaction with child care on a surgical ward are: the age of the child, the mode of the child’s admission to the ward, accessibility, and the nurse’s sup-port. Thirty-one parents were in favour of the multi-purpose nature of nursing care on the ward. The others felt that nursing care was task-oriented. Parents of the youngest children (mean age 4.9 years) expected the nurse to be kind or professional (mean age 5.5 years). Parents of early childhood children (mean age 7.2 years) were more likely to expect under-standing, and parents of the oldest children (mean age 9.0 years) expected communicative-ness. It was shown that throughout the entire period of hospitalization, caregivers of children under 3 years of age (n = 13; 100.0%) or aged 3-6 years (n = 15; 78.9%) stayed with their chil-dren more often. There was a correlation between the mode of admission and the emotions that parents felt during the admission of their child to hospital, as shown in Tab. 5. The level of significance (p<0.001) in the hypothesis tested, was lower than the typical level of signifi-cance of 0.05. In the case of emergency admission (n = 13; 54%) and planned admission for surgery (n = 17; 74%), emotions related to helplessness and anxiety predominated. Conclusion: Parents rated the quality of nursing care on the ward well. Parents’ expectations of the nurse are not dependent on the age of the child. The mode of admission of the child to the ward did not affect the expectations towards the nurse. The age of the child affected the time the caregiver stayed with the child on the ward. The mode of admission of the child affected the emotional state of the parents of the caregivers.

Analysis of Social Pathology in the Opinion of Community Inhabitants to Increase Threat Resilience in Communities at the Local Level

Purpose: This article aims to present issues related to the influence of social pathologies, such as alcoholism, drug addiction, violence and aggression in the family, social alienation, and crime, on shaping resilience to threats in local communities. Design/Methodology/Approach: The main research problem was presented in the form of the following question: How important is identifying and addressing social pathologies in shaping community resilience at the local level? A diagnostic poll method was used to solve the presented research problem, carried out using a survey technique, using survey questionnaire tool. The Statistica v.13.1 software package was used to develop the survey results. Findings: It may be argued that wide-scale activities undertaken in local communities, such as: launching preventive actions, information campaigns, and cooperation with various institutions that deal with analyzed social pathologies, have a positive influence on shaping resilience to threats in the studied local communities. Practical Implications: The empirical data obtained allowed us to establish a direct relationship between the occurrence of social pathologies and their impact on the formation of resilience to threats in local communities. Originality/Value: The article presents the author's approach to cognition of social pathologies and an indication of their influence on the sense of shaping resilience to threats in local communities.

The link between knowledge of the maternal diet and breastfeeding practices in mothers and health workers in Poland

BackgroundThere are multiple misconceptions concerning the breastfeeding mother’s diet and its adverse impact on breast milk composition and the breastfed child’s health, which might lead to breastfeeding cessation. Although prophylactic maternal dietary restrictions are not recommended, mothers all over the world are often recommended to avoid certain foods, due to cultural beliefs, social pressure and even outdated or ambiguous medical recommendations. In Poland, there is no systematic approach to breastfeeding education in the form of nationwide educational programs for particular social groups. It was estimated that in 2017 only 3–4% of Polish infants were exclusively breastfed at 6 months of age. The aim of this study was to recognize the scale of common dietary misconceptions among lactating mothers in Poland and to compare knowledge and opinions between medical staff and mothers who have ever breastfed a child. In addition, the paper is an attempt to identify factors contributing to the still current practice of recommending prophylactic dietary restrictions to breastfeeding mothers by medical staff.MethodsThe study was conducted in Poland, in January – February 2019. The study used a diagnostic poll method and was conducted mainly in an electronic form. A total of 1159 completed questionnaires data were analyzed: 35.1% completed by medical staff and 64.9% by mothers in non-medical professions. Statistical calculations were conducted with Chi-square test, logistic regression and U Mann Whitney test (level of significance set at 0.05).ResultsThe respondents presented a good level of knowledge and predominantly assessed the questioned statements correctly. Duration of breastfeeding was found to be the main factor determining respondents’ knowledge (p < 0.05). Concerning medical staff, the parity (p < 0.001) and applying an elimination diet when themselves breastfeeding (p < 0.001) had a significant impact on recommendation of prophylactic dietetic restrictions to the lactating women.ConclusionsRegardless of a resonably good level of knowledge on maternal nutrition in the lactation period, both breastfeeding mothers and medical staff are still convinced of the beneficial effect of preventive dietary restrictions, which affects further lactational counselling and lactational performance.

Housing Expectations of Future Seniors Based on an Example of the Inhabitants of Poland

A longer life span, which entails a dynamic increase in the numbers of seniors, poses a wide range of global challenges, among others for engineers and architects. The said challenges include, among others, a well-organised medical care system, proper legislation and social education. The respective planning process should also recognise the important role of a well-designed environment. This paper is intended to analyse the current senior housing solutions in Poland and to define the desirable development of those housing forms that can successfully meet the needs of future seniors. For this purpose, we have analysed the current structure of elderly care. Further, this research was conducted using the diagnostic poll method (“Housing needs of the future seniors”), in order to define the current housing preferences of the young (future seniors). The results thereof provide relevant guidance in the search for spatial solutions that can ensure a high-quality housing environment for seniors in the future, which, at the same time, will facilitate their independent living.

РАЗРАБОТКА МЕТОДА ОПРОСА УСТРОЙСТВ НА ОСНОВЕ СТАНДАРТА RS-485 ДЛЯ СИСТЕМ РЕАЛЬНОГО ВРЕМЕНИ

The purpose of this study is to develop a polling method in real-time systems based on the RS-485 standard, which would help to get rid of common problems. These problems include the data redundancy and polling of an insufficiently large number of devices in real time. The scientific novelty in the work is the approach to solving this problem at the hardware level using a microcontroller. As a result of the research, a method was developed that works according to the modernized DCON data exchange protocol.

Reporting the polls: the quality of media reporting of vote intention polls in the Netherlands

This article examines the media coverage of vote intention polls in the Netherlands. We assess whether the quality of media reporting on polls depends on the availability of information regarding the quality in pollster’s reports. Our analysis of the quality looks at three different quality measures: (1) mentioning WAPOR items, such as field dates, sampling method, and polling method, (2) mentioning the margin of error, and (3) the correct interpretation of (in)significant changes and differences. The Netherlands provides an interesting case, because there is variation over time and across pollsters in the way they report their polls as well as the increased popularity of a polling aggregator. Our findings indicate that the overall quality of Dutch coverage of polls is low. When a pollster mentions the margin of error in its report, media reports on that poll are more likely to include this information and to correctly interpret the significance of differences between two parties. This effect is particularly visible when the pollster provides uncertainty intervals in its headline figures.

A proposal of port scan detection method based on Packet‐In Messages in OpenFlow networks and its evaluation

SummaryBy quickly detecting a port scan and blocking the culprit host from the network, it is possible to minimize the spread of the damage by infected hosts and malicious users. In the past, various Software‐Defined Networking (SDN)‐based methods have been proposed, whose main advantage is the lower overhead compared to traditional methods that collect and analyze all captured traffic. On the other hand, due to the polling process used in these methods, it is necessary to set a short interval (e.g., few seconds) to keep the attacks' detection as short as possible. However, when the attack frequency is very low compared to normal traffic, there is an unnecessary overhead. In this paper, we propose a port scan detection method that considers the characteristics of Packet‐In messages sent from the OpenFlow (OF) switch to the controller. This allows a prompt detection and with less overhead than conventional polling methods. The evaluation was conducted using both simulated and real traffic data. Results confirm that the proposed method can detect port scans with lower overhead than existing methods.

The Concept of Sustainable Development in the Curriculum of the Medical Universities in Poland

Purpose: The purpose of the research was to obtain and process data pertaining to the elementary sustainable development (SD) knowledge medical university students in Poland possess in order to grasp their expectations relating to this field. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research employed the diagnostic poll method. The study was conducted between March and September 2020 among 636 students of medical universities in Poland. The comparative analysis of qualitative variables employed Pearson's χ2 test and contingency tables. The non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA and the Mann-Whitney U test were applied in the analysis of rank order scale responses. Findings: Findings of the research confirm the existence of an educational gap concerning education for sustainable development (ESD) at medical universities in Poland. The study confirmed that the students possess elementary knowledge of sustainable development. It ought to be noted that they associate SD primarily with environmental and economic aspects. The analysis of results also revealed that the students are aware of the impact an individual may exert upon sustainable development. The study indicated that men proved to be familiar with elementary SD terminology significantly more frequently than women. Practical Implications: The results of the study offer a basis for changes in educational curricula and in projects executed at medical universities concerning SD-associated matters. Originality/Value: Results concerning education, fundamental SD knowledge and familiarity with SD-related issues exhibited by medical university students in Poland. The results consider the impact of various variables such as gender, field of study, year of study, and grade point average.

Election Result Prediction Using Sentiment Analysis

Social media today has become a very popular communication tool for users. Millions of users share their opinions on different aspects on daily basis. Sentiment Analysis determines the polarity and inclination towards any specific topic, idea or entity. Applications of such analysis can be seen during elections, movie promotions, and many other fields. In our project, we aim to predict the winning probability of any political party by using both labelled as well as unlabeled data. Labelled data can be collected by using polling method but the result may not provide better accuracy. Hence, it is necessary to fetch live data to predict the accurate election result. Twitter is a microblogging site which allows the users in posting quick and real-time updates about different activities or events as the spread of information and news is quick enough. With the help of hashtags, the needed data can be easily generated and put to use. We exploited the python library “Tweepy” for accessing the Twitter API and fetched live data from Twitter. 350 tweets for each political party are fetched by using keywords. Using “TextBlob” library of python, sentiments are applied to each tweet and depending upon more positive tweets for particular party, winning party is declared. Also, popular text classification algorithms like Na¨ıve Bayes, SVM and Random Forest are used to train model using labelled data. The accuracy of the predicted result is calculated and the result is declared Finally, result is represented in the form of bargraph for labelled data according to the number of voted for each political party and for unlabeled data using pie chart for each political party representing positive, negative and neutral sentiments.

Associations between happiness, attitudes towards creativity and self-reported creativity in Lithuanian youth sample

For the last decades, scholars agree that happiness is a complex phenomenon depending on different internal and external factors. The purpose of our research is to investigate the associations between happiness and self-reported creativity; to compare self-reported creativity in groups of subjectively happy and unhappy individuals. The leading methods of researching the issues of the paper include the analysis of theoretical sources, opinion poll method, analysis of statistics, and comparison. The analysis method allows to comprehensively consider the twofold sources of happiness, i.e. external and internal ones, which reflects interrelated objective and subjective natures of human reality. The opinion poll method aimed at evaluating various attitudes, preferences and cognitive abilities of youth. Our sample consisted of 722 Lithuanian gymnasium students. This research suggested that if a person perceives himself as creative and his behavior as creative, then these evaluations are statistically significantly related to life satisfaction, psychological flourishing, positive emotions, but the significant relationship with negative emotions was not found. It was found that there are statistically significant associations between happiness and creativity. Next, this study demonstrated that self-reported creativity is different in groups of subjectively happy and unhappy individuals. Finally, the research revealed that happiness levels differ in groups of subjectively creative and not creative individuals.

Stationary Traffic as a Factor of Tourist Destination Quality and Sustainability

Since the Republic of Croatia is one of the most popular European and world tourist destinations, the aim of this paper is, from the user’s (n = 596) point of view, to research the importance of stationary traffic in tourist destinations. The purpose of this paper is to point out the possibilities of improving the tourist destination quality and sustainability through an adequate parking service. In order to corroborate constructed scientific hypotheses, a larger number of scientific methods were used from which a polling method, analysis and synthesis method, descriptive statistics method, t-test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) should be singled out. The major finding of this paper indicates a relatively big importance of stationary traffic (M = 6.51; SD = 2.21) as an element of tourist destination quality. Moreover, regarding the quality of tourist destination, the results of this paper suggest that the parking space availability is more important than the way parking or parking payment are organized. Between the experienced parking problem in a tourist destination and age on one side and evaluation of the importance of stationary traffic as an element of tourist destination quality on the other side, a statistically important connection was established. Gained knowledge can be particularly helpful to hotel industry managers but also to traffic managers whose duty is to provide an adequate number of parking spaces in tourist destinations.

Influence of the Expression of Personality Traits on Growing Intensity of Interdialytic Disorders and Change of Pro-Health Behaviors in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess the influence of socio-demographic and clinical factors on personality trait expression and their relationship with more intense interdialytic disorders and changes in health behaviors of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).Material/MethodsA total of 200 participants were recruited for the research (84 women and 116 men; aged 61±12 years): 160 patients had CKD stage G4–G5 and 40 healthy participants constituted a control group. A diagnostic poll method was used in the research employing the following questionnaires to collect socio-demographic and clinical data: Health Behavior Inventory (IZZ), Personality Inventory (NEO-FFI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Researcher’s Questionnaire Test.ResultsStatistically significant differences were found in the intensity of personal traits at different stages of treatment. The influence of factors resulting from CKD on the expression of personality traits increased with subsequent stages of treatment. Depression intensity was not connected with the expression of personality traits. A higher frequency of reported interdialytic disorders was significantly related to a higher degree of openness and conscientiousness and a lower degree of agreeableness. Increased extraversion, conscientiousness, and openness were significantly correlated with more intense health behaviors.ConclusionsPersonalities of patients with CKD changed with subsequent stages of treatment and were influenced by socio-demographic and clinical factors. Personalities affected the frequency of reported interdialytic disorders and health behaviors.

Design of Control Unit of Mechanical Property Test System of Tai Lake Shield

This paper focuses on the design and implementation of the detection device. This paper discusses that the control unit realizes the stepping drive by the interrupt method, realizes the force acquisition and the Modbus RTU communication by the polling method, designs the main program, the force acquisition subroutine flow, the stepping driver subroutine flow, and the Modbus slave subroutine flow, and realizes it through the Arduino IDE programming. Design the host computer interface, database association and command language programming; At last, the application effect of the test system is verified by the tensile test of water shield stem of taihu lake.

An implementation of module management controller for MicroTCA data processing system

On the basis of full compatibility with advanced telecommunications computing architecture (ATCA) standard, micro telecommunications computing architecture (MicroTCA) standard has a evident advantage over ATCA in terms of space, cost and scalability. The MicroTCA standard has become a popular platform in high energy physics. For the advanced mezzanine card (AMC) installed in the MicroTCA chassis, module management controller (MMC) is a prerequisite to fulfill its function. Although there are many MMC solutions, most of their firmware work in polling mode and rarely use the real-time operating system (RTOS). In order to overcome the lack of real-time performance in polling MMC solution, the novel firmware is developed based on FreeRTOS, which is an open source real-time operating system. This firmware implements the basic functions of MMC, such as hot swap, power management, firmware upgrade, and adds the feature of serial command debugging. To verify the difference in real-time performance between the FreeRTOS and the polling solutions, the interrupt reaction time test is carried out on both solutions. The test shows that the average interrupt reaction time of the FreeRTOS solution is about 300 ms shorter than that of the polling method. This result proves that the FreeRTOS-based solution can significantly improve the real-time performance of transaction processing.

Analysis of Civic Activity as an Element Shaping Local Level Threat Resilience in Communities

Purpose: The main objective of the research is to determine the essence of civic activity in shaping resilience to threats in communities at the local level using the example of a municipality. Approach/Methodology/Design: In order to solve the research problem, a diagnostic poll method was used, carried out by means of a survey technique, with the use of a survey questionnaire tool. The Statistica v.13.1 software package was used to develop the survey results. The general population included the residents of Nowa Iwiczna, located in the Lesznowola municipality in the Mazovian Voivodeship in Polnad. The size of the research sample was 1351 people. Findings: Self-governance has been developing for more than two decades and local communities still have a problem with a mediocre sense of civic responsibility. Therefore, cooperation of communities with their authorities (representatives) at the local level is justified and necessary. Moreover, it is very often an elementary point in addressing threats. Probably the problem stems from the lack of proper civic education (one can say that it starts at an early age), low level of civic competence of the community at the local level and disturbed communication at the level of residents-inhabitants and residents-local authorities. Practical Implications: It seems reasonable to argue that authorities elected by unconscious, socially lazy and showing little activity citizens will only act in a given area according to their own perception and respond to imaginary, not real, needs. This state of affairs is therefore a complete denial of building a community resilient to threats. Local authorities should look for the best and most effective ways to contact, understand and involve communities in civic life. It is worthwhile for the local authority to take into account the so-called local action plans in the general strategy of community development. Originality/Value: The argument proving the strength and essence of the indicated topic of the scientific article is not its niche character - on the contrary - it is the widespread interest of the scientific and administrative community and the society itself. Research findings can be used by stakeholders to build a resilient local community.