Political Literature Research Articles

Where Do Perceptions Match Provision? A Method for Learning the Scope Conditions of Retrospective Evaluation Theories

Citizens draw on a range of heuristics when evaluating government performance, including assessments of their personal material well-being and salient identities. The literature in African politics has sometimes neglected the role of egotropic heuristics in favor of focusing on identity considerations. We empirically evaluate the extent to which each type of heuristic explains citizens' assessment of government policy performance, focusing on citizen satisfaction with roads. We employ an empirical method that treats individual theory membership as a latent variable, estimating the extent to which each citizen's evaluation of service delivery is driven by identity or egotropic considerations. We introduce a new technique that estimates the scope conditions that predict consistency with each theory, finding that democratic competition and growth make identity-based heuristics more relevant, whereas collective hardship make egotropic heuristics more salient.

The Dejudicialization of International Politics?

AbstractFor many, the growing judicialization of international relations is the next step in the process toward the complete legalization of international politics. We draw on the literature in comparative judicial politics to examine the limits of the phenomenon. The domestic literature on judicialization portrays the process as something of a one-way ratchet. In an increasingly juridified world, judges have been asked to take on greater roles in global governance, and they seem to be doing so with aplomb. This in turn incentivizes individuals and interest groups to frame their policy claims in legal terms, providing ever-more fuel for judicial governance. Yet many courts and other legal institutions, both domestic and international, have had their jurisdiction constrained, with some areas of law removed from judicial purview. Might the dynamics of constraint and backlash lead to the dejuridification of an area that has been judicialized? We conceptualize the possibility of what we call dejudicialization, situate it in the context of the literature on backlash, and delimit its potential scope and implications. While dejudicialization is empirically rare, we argue that its very possibility suggests that judicialization should not be considered a teleological process.

Dünya Siyasetinin Kadın Liderleri ve Siyasal Erkeklikler: Göstergebilimsel Bir Okuma

Bu makalede uluslararası siyasette kadın liderlerin imajlarının uluslararası medyada nasıl sunulduğu sorusuna cevap aranmaktadır. Forbes’un 2017’nin en güçlü kadın siyasi liderler listesinde ilk sıralarda yer alan üç Avrupalı kadın lider, Angela Merkel (Almanya), Theresa May (Büyük Britanya) ve Federica Mogherini (AB) örneklem alınarak, bu üç kadın liderin medyada yansıtılan imajları göstergebilimsel bir okuma ile analiz edilmektedir. Bu analiz sonucunda kadın liderler özelinde cinsiyetçi söylem ve imajları uluslararası siyasetteki siyasal erkeklik tezahürleri üzerinden tartışmaya açılarak uluslararası ilişkilerde toplumsal cinsiyet literatürüne katkıda bulunulması hedeflenmektedir. Ayrıca, bu çalışmada, ulusal ve uluslararası siyaset ve ilişkiler, farklı kadınların farklı siyasal erkeklik tezahürlerini deneyimlemesi ile yerleşik hale gelse de tektipleşmiş kurguların da çürütülebileceğinin ipuçları verilmektedir.

How Mayors Hurt Their Presidential Ticket: Party Brands and Incumbency Spillovers in Brazil

Much of the literature in distributive politics suggests that parties are advantaged nationally when they control office at the local level. But is this invariably true? Whatever advantage control ...

Toplumsal Cinsiyet Perspektifinde Barış Kuramları, Feminist Teoriler ve Pratikler

Soğuk Savaş sonrasında dönüşen küresel politika, farklı güvenlik açıkları, yeni savaş ve barış koşullarıyla kendini göstermektedir. Bu yeni olguları toplumsal cinsiyet bakışıyla da incelemek mümkündür; küresel politika alanında feminist kuramların literatüre sağladığı eleştirel katkı, barış kuramlarındaki kavramsal analizlerin alanını geliştirmiştir. Aynı zamanda, devlet merkezli analiz, rasyonel seçim gibi güçlü epistemolojik kalıpların, değişmesini sağlamıştır. Bu çalışma feminist barışın koşullarını, örneklerini ve teorik tartışmalarını güncel konular ışığında, literatür taramasıyla ele alacaktır. Özellikle Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyi’nin 1325 sayılı kararının BMGK 1325/2000 uygulama alanlarını ve sınırlarını değerlendirerek, küresel politikada feminist teorilerin barış çalışmalarına katkısını inceleyecektir.

May it please the twitterverse: The use of Twitter by state high court judges

ABSTRACTThis article examines the extent to which Twitter has been adopted by judges on state supreme courts, and how these judges use the platform. While social media usage by other politicians has been examined in a variety of contexts, judges have been universally ignored. We find that elected judges are more likely to use Twitter, primarily to engage with the public. Additionally, while they do not engage with the public like traditional politicians, they increase Twitter use overall and tweet more election-related rhetoric in election years. This work extends the audiences literature in judicial politics to extra-judicial behavior of judges.

„Tijelo pamćenja je pčela koja me bode.“ Emancipatorne prakse ženskog pisma 80-ih

The book of essays Smrtni grijesi feminizma (The Deadly Sins of Feminism), written by Slavenka Drakulic, and Irena Vrkljan’s novel Svila, skare (The Silk, the Shears), both published in 1984, became the samples of feminist activism and the poetics of l’ecriture feminine in Croatian literature. Considering their generic aspects and their narrative strategies focused on revealing the conflict between public/historical/political and personal/everyday/trivial, in our paper we will discuss Vrkljan’s novel as outstanding example of the emancipatory changes in the cultural field of the 1980’s. “Trivial as political” in Slavenka Drakulic’s writing, articulated through Irena Vrkljan’s autobiographical narrative, incites the emancipatory power of l’ecriture feminine that simultaneously reflects the Other in itself, produces its own difference and writes without inscribing itself. This type of women’s writing, as previously defined by Helene Cixous, is presented in Irena Vrkljan’s text as writing its own life that is “always in-between” and that undermines declared democratic values as much as the politics of literature, as understood by Jacques Ranciere. Revealing discordances between poetic and social hierarchies, women’s writing makes changes in the partition of the visible and the sayable, in the intertwining of being and writing, body and words.

Classe política e crise da democracia na crítica de Antonio Gramsci

No início dos anos 1880 um novo gênero de literatura política começou a ganhar vigor e a expandir-se, a análise crítica das democracias parlamentares existentes. Na Itália, esse gênero teve uma importante expressão na obra de Gaetano Mosca. Antonio Gramsci confrontará essa literatura, preocupado com sua reapropriação e revalorização no debate político a partir do imediato pré-guerra, quando a crise da democracia liberal assumiu contornos mais fortes. O artigo mostra como Gramsci traduz o conceito mosquiano de classe política como “a categoria intelectual do grupo social dominante” e integra-o à sua reflexão sobre os partidos políticos. Desse modo pode interpretar a crise do regime parlamentar como uma crise marcada pela decomposição dessa “categoria intelectual” e pela perda de sua capacidade dirigente. Aquilo que na teoria elitista aparecia como decomposição do princípio de autoridade era interpretada como uma crise de hegemonia, crise do Estado em seu conjunto, da qual o afastamento entre governantes e governados seria a manifestação mais evidente. Na seção conclusiva, apresenta-se a hipótese aventada nos Quaderni del carcere de um regime representativo não parlamentar.

Corruption, patronage and illiberal peace: forging political settlement in post-conflict Kyrgyzstan

This article engages critically with recent literature on political settlements through a case study of inter-ethnic conflict in southern Kyrgyzstan. The case study traces how a new political settlement emerged in the aftermath of conflict, despite a rejection of international proposals on conflict resolution. Instead, local elites constructed an exclusionary form of social order, forged through dispossession and violence, maintained by informal institutions of patronage and clientage. The article explains why this new political settlement appeared remarkably resilient, despite its failure to address traditional liberal concerns regarding transitional justice and minority grievances. The case study highlights two major problems with the political settlements literature. First, it contests a widespread conceptualisation of political settlements as indicating a cessation of conflict, instead pointing to how a political settlement can be initiated and maintained through different forms of violence. Second, it questions notions of inclusivity in political settlements, noting that many political settlements combine logics of both inclusion and exclusion. In many cases, they are marked by exclusionary, authoritarian practices that together constitute a form of ‘illiberal peace’. These findings caution against a simplistic use of political settlements theory to inform policies aimed at resolving internal conflicts.

The Contingent Value of Political Connections: A Transaction Cost and Embeddedness Framework

Political connections (PC) have been widely examined in political strategy literature, though studies on its value remain inconclusive. This study focuses on the core actor of political connections...

The Cross-Level Effect of Team Politics: A Paradigm of Need Satisfaction

We invoke and extend the need satisfaction paradigm to explain a neglected phenomenon in organizational politics literature - the cross-level effects of organizational politics as a group-level phe...

The domestic political economy of upgrading in global value chains: how politics shapes pathways for upgrading in Rwanda’s coffee sector*

The Global Value Chains/Global Production Networks (GVC/GPNs) literatures have become the predominant international political economy frameworks to understand the challenge of economic upgrading under 21st century globalization. However, until recently, this literature has overlooked the role of the state (outside its regulatory responsibilities) and the explanatory power of domestic political economy. Meanwhile, literature on developmental states, industrial policy and political settlements has generally taken a methodologically nationalist perspective to examine economic transformation in developing countries. This article uses insights from the political settlements literature to contribute to the growing agenda within the GVC/GPNs literature to examine how the role of the state and domestic politics shape upgrading pathways in developing countries. Using the example of the Rwandan government’s attempts to increase specialty coffee exports over the last two decades, the article shows how the public governance of the domestic value chain, combined with governance dynamics in the coffee GVC/GPN, has shaped upgrading pathways in Rwanda’s coffee sector. By developing a domestic political economy approach within the GVC/GPN tradition, this article contributes to the growing attention within international political economy to focus on how multi-scalar pressures are shaping the outcomes of economic policy in developing countries.

셰이머스 딘의 󰡔어둠 속 읽기󰡕에 감춰진 문학의 정치

셰이머스 딘의 󰡔어둠 속 읽기󰡕에 감춰진 문학의 정치

Political CSR and legitimation via corporate foundation: a public management program

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the political involvement of a corporate foundation (CF) though CSR under two perspectives: CF managers and the sponsor firm managers. Design/methodology/approach A single case with a Brazilian CF was conducted. Interviews with sponsor firms and foundations managers were combined with firms’ sustainability reports data and CF’s website information. Findings It was found that CF acts as an ambassador and can be a source of political legitimacy for their sponsor firm. They intermediate in governance challenges as the goals and working style of the CF, firms and municipalities can be sometimes antagonistic. Research limitations/implications The authors could not reach the municipalities officials and their perception of the Public Management Program (PMP). Practical implications The PMP creates personal and organizational relationships with public officials, a resource that can be employed to impact the political strategies of the sponsor firm. Social implications The authors also show how CF’s may help managers to deal with the typical Brazilian peculiarity of policy discontinuity in local governments. Originality/value This case study sheds light a new phenomenon: CF’s support on public management. It adds to the CSR and corporate political activities literature, the role of foundations as ambassadors of the relationship between the firm, government and society. They are not only filling gaps left by the State but are also dealing with local governments administrative deficiencies.

Liminal abstraction

ABSTRACTThis paper surveys discussions of abstraction in the sociological and political economic literature that tie it a relation to the material. This is developed from the work of Alfred Sohn-Rethel. Under the rubric of the liminal, the diachronic interchange between these poles will be examined to better understand how the saturates the material. This entails not only the purely but involves Virtualities that are intangible, Ideal-Real. This lends reality an air of added dimensions, expanding the Real beyond the merely material into a non-Euclidean, ‘abstract space’. This spatialization of abstraction is introduced within the work of Sohn-Rethel but has not been remarked upon. While this multidimensional topological space appears to have magical qualities, Turner’s understanding of liminality is drawn upon to understand the dynamic quality of abstraction as a relation and process between the and Material. Liminality mobilizes the Virtual or ideal-real. Liminal rituals are epistemic ‘sociotechniques’ (cf. Krämer, Siegert) involving abstraction and the management of abstraction through simple ritual action. ion does not pull away from as much as extend and configure the Real (Lyotard).

Application of Y.S. Lee’s General Theory of Law and Development to Botswana

Abstract Botswana has achieved significant socio-economic development despite its low-income status in 1966 when colonial rule ended, earning it the status of an “African success story” and “African miracle”. Botswana’s development was achieved in great part to its abundance of natural resources (diamonds), in contrast to other African countries that displayed conditions affiliated with the “resource curse”: corruption, rent-seeking behaviour by the ruling class, Dutch disease, declining terms of trade, the absence of economic diversification, and even civil conflict. Despite its extensive coverage in political economy and development studies literature, Botswana’s socio-economic development has yet to be interrogated through a law and development lens. Yong-Shik Lee offers a theoretical framework to conduct such an analysis in his article, General Theory of Law and Development, which proposes that law directly impacts development through three categorical Regulatory Impact Mechanisms: regulatory design; regulatory compliance; and quality of implementation. This article applies Lee’s theory to Botswana, making it one of the first applications of Lee’s theory to an African case study.

Women's Work and Agency in GPNS during Economic Crises: The Case of the Greek Table Grapes Export Sector

ABSTRACTThe expansion of global production networks (GPNs) has shifted women’s roles in agriculture worldwide. Financial and economic crises have intensified commercial pressures, leading to precariousness in women’s work. This has been magnified by government austerity measures. This article combines the GPN and feminist political economy literatures to investigate how the tensions between commercial pressures and gender relations and institutions in a time of economic crisis drive precariousness in women’s work and the implications for women’s adaptive agency. These questions are explored through the case of the table grapes export sector in Greece. The study finds that women farmworkers went back to waged and/or unwaged work in table grapes, but the need for their skilled work enabled them to retain some agency, even as unwaged laborers.

The Disruption of Victorian Class and Gender Norms

During the late-nineteenth century, discussions surrounding female shop assistants permeated British society and culture appearing in newspapers, popular romance novels and political literature. Ultimately, through romantic literary and cultural texts “the shopgirl” emerged as a social construction, obscuring and shaping the experiences and identity of “ordinary” female shop assistants. While Victorian gender norms attempted to restrict women to the domestic sphere, the study of shopgirls illuminates the social anxieties and gender discourses that emerged alongside shifting consumption practices in Britain, resulting in the breakdown of separate gendered spaces. This paper will argue that the emergence of female shop assistants and the socially constructed “shopgirl” in the latter half of the nineteenth century transformed pre-existing Victorian class and gender norms in British society. Not only did shopgirls embody fantasies connected to consumer culture, but disrupted class and gender norms resulting in a variety of social anxieties, pertaining to the loss of female domesticity, social mobility, morality, as well as the dangers of London for women.

India’s Season of Dissent: an interview with Poet Karthika Naïr

In the following interview Karthika Nair and Laetitia Zecchini talk of Shaheen Bagh and Karthiika Nair's poem “Ghazal: India’s Season of Dissent; of the activism of Indian writers and artists; the politics of literature; of the relevance of poetry to protest movements and resistance struggles; of how literary texts can “respond” to violence, grief and pain. And since Karthika Nair’s poetry and biography constantly weave together a multitude of contexts, voices, and cultural backgrounds, she also throws light on the interconnection and intersectionality of these struggles; on the resonances of the anti-CAA protests and of Shaheen Bagh outside India; on how terror and resistance to terror are echoed in different parts of the world.

Affective Naturalization: Practices of Citizenship Conferment

In an era of increased mobility, naturalization is crucial for shaping international legal and political identities. It is therefore important to move beyond the legal definition of naturalization in order to comprehend its affective and social meaning. This article develops the notion “affective naturalization” by combining the literature of affect and politics with insights from economic anthropology and by focusing on the varied practices of citizenship conferment. Through different modes of naturalization, citizenship can be offered as a gift, it can take the form of a birthright, it may be obtained as a prize that one has achieved, and it can occasionally be bought. The specific practice of conferment changes the identity of the citizenship/“thing” that is being acquired, the roles of the giver and the receiver as well as the interrelation between them. The different practices of conferment thus reflect as well as constitute social relations in differing ways.