Political Sectors Research Articles

Women's Alternative Media: Agents of Change on the Issue of Women's Roles in Indonesia

ABSTRACTProgress in achieving gender equality and empowering women in Indonesia has been too slow and fragmented. The media can provide a voice and a platform for placing women's role issues on the development agenda. As in the education, health, economic, labor, and political sectors. However, in reality, there is a significant gender gap in mainstream media companies so that women are not represented optimally and steps to improve gender equality are limited. Alternative media is very possible to take a role in explaining issues of gender equality and women's empowerment. Because this type of media can connect various sectors, including trade unions, social movements, organizations and various elements of society. Researchers use the concept of gender and communication development, Standpoint theory, and alternative media. The approach used in this study is literature review research methodology. The results of this study explain that journalists in alternative media consider gender awareness and sensitivity important in themselves to be able to protect and defend women's interests. In fact, alternative media provide wide opportunities for journalists to raise strategic issues of equality and women's empowerment. Keywords: Alternative, Empowerment, Journalists, Media, Women Election

S04-4: The HEPA PAT: An in-depth tool to audit HEPA policies at national level

Abstract Purpose The Health-Enhancing Physical Activity Policy Audit Tool (HEPA PAT) a standardized protocol for the detailed compilation and communication of country-level policy responses on physical inactivity. This presentation aims to briefly present the structure of the tool as well as its use in PA policy research. Methods The 29 open-ended and closed questions of the HEPA PAT are structured around a set of 17 key criteria, which were identified based on experiences from several previous guidelines and comparisons of physical activity policy. It supports standardized data collection and is to be completed collaboratively by a team of national stakeholders from all relevant political sectors. However, the process of its application differed across countries. Results The HEPA PAT has been applied in 13 European countries (Belgium, Croatia, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Switzerland). These studies provided a detailed overview of physical activity policies for the different sections of the tool such as, for instance, leadership and partnerships, policy documents, evaluation, and funding. A recent study has shown that the tool can be applied to understand aspects influencing the policy process (agenda-setting, policy formulation, decision-making, policy implementation, evaluation). Conclusions The studies based on the HEPA PAT showed in which areas governments are already active to promote physical activity and what improvements can be made. Cross-country comparisons also showed that procedures and timelines of using the HEPA PAT have to be adapted to national contexts. Overall, the instrument can make an important contribution to understanding and informing physical activity policy, especially when used as an add-on to regular monitoring tools like the EU HEPA Monitoring Framework. The PAT completion also fostered new connections with policy makers and officials in government departments and among HEPA stakeholders within and outside of government, which in itself was seen to be extremely valuable. Funding Source No funding

Fungsi Lembaga Riset sebagai Referensi Elektabilitas Politik Studi Data Hasil PEMILU 2019 di DAPIL II Jawa Barat DPR-RI dan Lembaga Survei Yayasan Polsight Indonesia

Research institutions in Indonesia are currently mushrooming according to the needs of many developing sectors, one of which is the political sector in which there are many dynamics that can be calculated and calculated with numbers or not. For things that can be calculated, research institutions can be used as a method to find out political dynamics and phenomena, where this can be used as a reference and prediction regarding a political situation in the future, one of which is in terms of measuring political electability by either an individual or an institution. In this case, research institutions have a very important role in producing information about political electability accompanied by data and facts that occur in the field so that it can be said that research institutions can provide objective and factual references. One of the data that can be used as a reference for electability is voter data from a candidate or political party in an electoral district.

WOMEN AS A STRATEGIC GROUP: WOMEN'S STRATEGY IN POLITICAL NETWORKS THROUGH THE ECONOMIC AREA

Abstract Women’s participation in economic field and politic is often viewed in a dichotomous manner, where the economy is referred as "low politics." Women’s participation in economic organization is also seen as non-strategiv activism, which interpreted as activities that are distant or excluded from electoral politics and has less influence on the decision-making process. This research aims to challenge the argument and suggests that women's roles in the economy are indeed interconnected with the political sector. The study argues that women use their institutional capital as members of IWAPI to build relationships and political networks, where the appropriation of interests which means securing access to specific resources is the main goal. This research utilizes the Strategic Group theory from Evans Dieter-Evers and finds that women affiliated with IWAPI adopt personal and corporate appropriation modes in pursuing their interests. Personal appropriation is closely related to strengthening political networks through political parties to drive institutional change, while corporate appropriation is carried out by IWAPI members through expanding business networks and forming resource alliances. Furthermore, women can be categorized as a strategic group with business types and often employ cooperative strategies with other strategic groups. IWAPI is ultimately referred to as an organization formed by strategic groups of women for the appropriation of specific interests. Keywords: Women, strategic groups, agency, appropriation of interests

Kathryn Lasky, “Women’s Voice Counts”

The American women did not await the 21st century to express their disapproval of matters of general interest. At every stage of human history, they always assert their presence as agents of social development and promoters of liberties; they prove their ability to serve humanity. In all parts of the world, despite the deliberate ideological restrictions inflicted upon them, they show integrity, decency, and honesty; their pragmatism, literacy, actions, and ideas serve as bow. Those qualities enable them to free themselves from all forms of ostracism and subjugation. Along the march of history, when defending their common cause, some of them sometimes lose their lives, others are incarcerated, but the survivors remain committed and hopeful. They continually fight to climb the social ladder. In socio-professional and political sectors where men are hostile, they demonstrate absolute resilience. A retrospective glance at the US history helps to revivify the American women’s involvement. Labeled as vulnerable and passive beings, they embark on a timeless struggle whose purpose is to restore their tarnished image and dignity. Better still, their awareness enables them to eradicate the prejudices, social inequalities, and barriers, which disadvantage and devalue them. Like other Western countries, the United States has a long tradition of marginalizing women. Its excluding policy is narrowly connected with patriarchal tradition; a practice, which emerges not only in the family sphere, but also on the political stage, where women are deprived of their suffrage. In such circumstances, they suffer from male domination with impunity. That burning social injustice is pictured by writers, such as Kathryn Lasky whose literary works pay tribute to the American suffragists for their boldness and great sense of duty in the construction of democracy in America. As a field par excellence for the symbolization of social facts, literature appears as a location where the American women’s bravery and ingenuity are realistically expressed. Therefore, the study of Laskian female characters’ trajectories through the textual prism is advantageous. For that purpose, the use of Derridean deconstruction as a methodological tool will be helpful. This will scrutinize the political scope of Laskian female characters’ struggle for suffrage through two axes: “A masculinized political system” and “women’s awareness and US democracy.”

Patterns of Ethnic Conflict and Challenges of Rural Integration in Gombe South Senatorial District, Gombe State

Ethnic conflicts have dotted the historical landscape of the peoples of Gombe South Senatorial Districts as well as contemporary issues are central to these prolonged ethnic conflicts and violence. This study therefore examines the patterns of ethnic conflicts and challenges of rural integration in Gombe South Senatorial District. The study adopted the mixed-method in data collection. A total 365 sample were drawn from 384 populations as well as 24 key informants for the interviews. The study found out among others that; the immediate cause of the crises was the long-standing issue of boundary and land disputes between these communities, lack of economic opportunities also serves to cause crises, the failure to accurately demarcate the boundaries has eventually deteriorated the strong bound relationship and that these communities shares together, the conflicts have negatively affected the economic, social, and political sectors of the areas. During such conflicts, many lives -were lost and properties running into millions of naira were also lost, the conflicts succeeded in limiting social interaction and harmony amongst the people. The crises have also resulted in the sharp increase in the number of widows and orphans leading to prostitution, unemployment, school dropout etc. The conflicts have affected the voting. and campaign patterns, democratic values and norms. The conflicts also delay viable political transition and consequently the aspiration of producing a Governor of Gombe State despite being the most literate region in the state. The study concludes that sincere governmental schemes and efforts must be established by government to achieve social and distributive justice for all people in the country. For where there is justice there will be peace and where is peace, there will be no conflicts.

Historical Studies Of Japan During The Meiji Restoration

This research aims to find out the history of Japan during the Meiji Restoration. The research method used in this research is the historical method, because the object of this research aims to describe and analyze past events. The results of the research are that the Meiji Restoration had an impact on changes in various areas of life in Japanese society. Meiji restoration means recovery, which includes development and renewal. In this case, the restoration of power is both theoretical and practical. The Meiji restoration carried out by Meiji Tenno covered the political sector, the economic sector, the educational sector and the military sector. Long before the Meiji restoration, Japan was considered a weak, backward country and prey to Western imperialist countries. However, after restoration in all areas it turned out to produce truly amazing results. The progress that Japan experienced in various fields after the Meiji Restoration not only made the Japanese people prosperous, but also became a developed nation that was competitive with Western countries.

My Numerous Detours – Toward Private Law as Society’s Constitution

Abstract The author responds in two ways to the contributions in this special issue dealing with aspects of his scholarly work. In his first, more general response, he traces the influences that various institutions and individuals exerted on him and were reflected in his work on private law theory. In retrospect, he understands both his many years abroad and his involvement with extra-legal disciplines, especially systems theory and sociology of law, as a search for the identity of private law in foreign legal systems as well as in foreign disciplines. At the end of this search stands the concept of societal constitutionalism. The author understands private law as society’s constitution, more precisely: as the legal constitution of the self-governance of a variety of social systems. In a second, more specific response, the author deals with some of the questions raised in the various contributions to the special issue. From the perspective of both sociology of law and legal doctrine, the author addresses problems of society’s constitution that arise, on the one hand, outside the borders of the nation-state in transnational political processes and, on the other hand, outside the institutionalized political sector, in the "private" sectors of world society. They revolve around the theoretical and practical potential of societal constitutionalism: how, in non-state institutions, the new power centers of society, particularly in the emerging socio-digital institutions, private law can set the normative conditions for fundamental rights, the rule of law, democratic participation, and, increasingly today, ecological sensibility.

The Contribution of The Organization of La Francophonie (OIF) in Political Matters in The Republic of Congo from 1981 to 2021

The 1960s witnessed the wave of independence in Africa, shaping the course of history and leading to the confirmation of original institutions. Notably, a French-speaking space emerged during this era, giving rise to the Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation, later evolving into the International Organization of La Francophonie (OIF). Since 1981, the Congo has been an active member of the OIF, contributing to the cultural and political dimensions of this francophone alliance. This research delves into the collaboration between the OIF and the Congo from 1981 to 2016, spanning crucial periods in both entities' histories. Focusing on cultural and political realms, the study explores the promotion of democracy, human rights, and sustainable development within the OIF space. Education, training, and scientific research take precedence in the cultural domain, reflecting their pivotal role in societal development. In the political arena, the Republic of Congo embarked on a challenging journey toward multiparty democracy and a market economy since 1991, marked by civil conflicts and ethnic tensions. The country's transition continued into the 2000s, emphasizing reconciliation and reconstruction. Both cultural and political sectors demand strategic approaches for sustainable success in the ever-evolving landscape of international cooperation

Political Dynamics of the Era of Ali Bin Abi Thalib (Contribution of the Political System in Islamic Civilization)

<em>The study of political studies during the time of Caliph Ali bin Abi Thalib is very important to study in more depth. Because this study greatly contributes to political problems in Indonesia such as corruption and social injustice which are often debated. The aim of this article is to understand 3 things: First, the political paradigm of Ali bin Abi Talib's time. Second, internal and external factors that influenced the politics of Ali bin Abi Talib's time. Third, the positive and negative implications of politics for Muslims at that time. The method used is qualitative research with a literature review approach. The results found were 3 things: First, the political paradigm of Ali bin Abi Talib's time had 3 forms: (1) war politics (2) peace (3) justice. Second, internally there were 3 factors that influenced it: (1) differences of opinion (2) Caliph Ali's policies (3) Caliph Ali's characteristics. Externally, there are 5 factors that influence it: (1) the death of Muslims (2) support from the Kuffah community (3) the Governor's negligence (4) community problems (5) selfishness. Third, there are 3 positive implications for Muslims: (1) making it easier for Caliph Ali (2) the emergence of different forms of Islamic law (3) an orderly government system. Meanwhile, the negative implications for Muslims are 3 things: (1) changes in the Islamic government system (2) the emergence of new groups (3) division of Muslims. The conclusion of this article shows that it provides new views and insights into the study of Islamic Civilization during the era of Caliph Ali bin Abi Talib in the current political sector.</em>

İSTANBUL, TÜRKIYE'DEKI TEKNOLOJI GELIŞIMININ SOSYOPOLITIK DEĞERLENDIRMESI

Rapid technology development in Istanbul raises the concerns for studying the positive or negative impact of technology on the social and political sectors where technology is affecting the world. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a socio-political assessment of technology development in Istanbul. The study used a systematic literature review approach with standards of PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. Articles published in 2011-2022 were retrieved from Scopus-indexed journals, and screened for their authenticity, eligibility, and full-text availability for selection. A total of 150 articles were initially identified, which, after the screening, and eligibility testing resulted in N = 10 articles. The results found two important outcomes. The first one is that technology has enhanced societal knowledge and communication with information and communication technology tools such as the Internet and social media. Technology also enhanced the development of planning and collaboration, such as in the municipal sector, for rainwater harvesting systems. This is proficient for water conservation and provides the opportunity for project collaboration and investments with the government in partnerships. In addition, Istanbul’s development of Fintech solutions has also facilitated businesses and governments to foster their financial governance. The system has advanced payments, and transactions with digital payments, online banking, peer-to-peer lending, and regulatory technology for finances. In Turkey, these solutions have fostered financial governance by advancing online payment and transactions with digital access to payment systems. However, secondly, the study found negative impacts of technology development on social and political sectors such as trends of digital exclusion in society, which became a policy issue. For political sectors, included studies mainly prescribe the social media-related political battles as reflecting the negative use of technology. This also reflects the concerns of cybersecurity and threats to data and their management. Overall, the technology development requires planning and strategic implementation. Other areas of technology development, such as software development and startup ecosystems, are also recommended for future research. Keywords: technology development, social impact, political impact, Istanbul.

Coalition Formation and the Role of Ethnicity in Kenyan General Election, 2022

The political sector of Kenya provides an interesting perspective into the importance of lineage and ethnicity in Kenyan politics. Kenyan politicians are prone to switching alliances and forming coalitions to fit within their rapidly changing party dynamics and structure which are heavily influenced by ethnic factors. The leaders of these ethnic groups too are more likely to provide support depending on future favorability during the distribution of resources or positions within the new government. This paper reviews relevant literature and uses the social cleavage theory to discuss the importance of ethnicity in the formation of coalitions in Kenyan election of 2022. Through the discussions, the paper points out the instability of coalitions mostly based on ethnicity in Kenya and recommends the pursuit of a national identity instead of an ethnic identity.

Gender dan Keselamatan: Sumbangan Maharani Cixi Dalam Dalam Reformasi China (1861-1908)

Research on gender and ancient female leadership, like that of Empress Dowager Cixi (1861–1908), is lacking in English and Malay. Most research only discussed Cixi’s general narrative. The majority of studies merely covered Cixi’s overarching story. Cixi was one of the women leaders who defied the patriarchal status quo to rule. Nevertheless, her contribution was overlooked due to the controversy surrounding her, which tarnished her reputation. Thus, through library research and content analysis methods, this article discusses Cixi’s contribution to the Qing dynasty while filling in the research gap of international relations scholarship by overlooking Cixi’s contributions, which fall under the scope of the missing women figures under the gender and international relation scholarship. The study shows that Cixi’s contribution could be traced through the reformation of political sectors, such as the development of modern military and defense sectors, economic sectors, and social sectors, such as women’s empowerment. Cixi successfully defied the gender barrier to become a leader; however, her contribution has been overlooked. It is time for her leadership to be recognised.

In the Name Religion and Defending Women; Experiences of Three Pesantren Women in Indonesia Local Elections

The leadership of Indonesian Muslim women experienced a development, marked by the ever extensive political roles. Some previous researches state that the factor of familial closeness (political dynasty), gender, collusion, sexiness and piety marketing stimulate women’s election in political contestations. But these reasons are not enough to explain the reason for women’s roles in the public, especially women of pesantren (Islamic boarding schools). We suggest that women’s courage in the struggle for the political position is due to their desires to strive for women's rights that are ignored and not comprehensively understood by male leaders. The existence of the thought that women can (only) ‘understand women’ becomes the reason why regional leaderships are also seized by women. The article also shows the ability to integrate spirituality towards public roles by utilizing their social capitals. This paper also counters some arguments that women always lose in public sectors in political sector fights as they are under the shadow of their husbands or men.

Russian Active Measures in Cyberspace through the Lens of Security Sectors

This article examines Russian active measures in cyberspace, focusing on the implications for across security sectors. Initially, the study contextualizes the increasing reliance on cyberspace for conducting subversive activities that target military, political, societal, and economic structures, particularly after the Ukrainian Euromaidan in 2013. Utilizing a qualitative analysis of open-source data, the research identifies the diverse tactics employed by Russian actors, including sophisticated use of code and content to manipulate public perception and governmental processes. Key findings reveal that while activities in the military and political sectors are characterized by a high degree of technological sophistication, societal sectors predominantly face threats from disinformation campaigns. Notably, no significant cyber active measures were detected within the environmental sector. The study concludes that Russian cyber tactics are deeply embedded in their broader geopolitical strategy, necessitating robust countermeasures. Enhanced cybersecurity policies and international cooperation are recommended to bolster resilience against such foreign malign influences.

Social Media Followers Influence Banking Stock Prices In Indonesia

Background. Progress in a country can be seen from the development of the capital market, because the capital market plays a very important role in transforming and advancing a country's economy so that it grows and develops. Indonesia is a country known to be rich in natural resources, so the development of capital markets in Indonesia is a step towards sustainable economic development. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of social media on the economic, social and political sectors. Method. The research used is quantitative research with descriptive and verification research methods. Results. The result of this study is that the influence of the number of social media followers on the share price of banks in Indonesia shows a positive correlation between the two. In this context, banks need to utilise social media more effectively as a marketing tool, pay attention to reputation risk management, improve transparency and communication with investors, and strengthen the role of regulators in monitoring the impact of social media.. Conclusion. With this research, there is a finding that in the field of social media, there are variables that influence the financial sector, in this case, company finances, namely the number of followers of a social media platform will influence stock prices. This should be a concern for stakeholders in the business sector to pay attention to social media developments occurring in Indonesia

A survey on deepfake video detection datasets

Deepfake video has usefulness in entertainment and multimedia technology, however, the danger of deepfake is significant to the social, economical, and political sectors so far. Specifically, to diverge any public opinion by generating fake news and spreading misleading information, national security may be under risk due to misrepresenting statements given by political leaders. The creation of such manipulated videos are getting easier day by day and at the same time it is necessary to detect and prevent them. In order to do that, researchers are creating challenging fake video databases for artificial intelligence (AI) based detection models to contribute to the research. This paper reviewed the existing deepfake video detection datasets available online and used in the previous research articles. We analyzed the literature from two different perspectives, datasets and detection models. The goal of this study is to introduce all publicly available datasets in this field including the discussion of techniques used to generate the data. In addition to our contribution, we showed a result comparison among different deepfake datasets and discussed the findings.

Developing indicators for promoting provincial-level ecological economics in China

The development of the eco-economy has become an important way to promote sustainable development and address climate change worldwide. Implementing eco-economic developmental policy globally or locally requires establishing precise indicators. Currently, there are many studies on eco-economy indicators at the academic level, but the eco-economy indicators researched at the academic level are difficult to be implemented and applied by local governments in China, and there is a knowledge gap between the political sector and the academic sector in the process of cooperation. This mainly stems from the lack of whole-process research and analysis that combines government practice and academic research. We attempt to analyze the differences in the understanding of eco-economic indicators between academics and government decision-makers through the study of the establishment process of China's local eco-economic indicator system. We try to find out the reasons for the knowledge gap between academics and government decision-makers, and to build a knowledge bridge between government practice and academic research. At the same time, China, as the largest developing country and an emerging country in the construction of ecological civilization, is worth studying and learning from its experience in the construction of eco-economic indicators. Therefore, we systematically study the connotation of China's eco-economy and the development process of the indicators. And we combine with the practical experience, describe the method and specific process of constructing eco-economy indicators at the provincial scale of the Chinese government. Meanwhile, we put forward the limitations of the construction of the eco-economy indicator system in Liaoning Province. In addition, we analyze in detail the characteristics and attributes of the ecological economy indicators in Liaoning Province, as well as the relationship of these indicators to the implementation of national strategies and to the SDGs. The discipline contributions and scientific and technological concerns of the indicator system's creation are reviewed, and additional improvement ideas are presented. It is expected that the practice of eco-economic indicators in China will further promote eco-economy development and provide methodological reference for countries to measure the level of eco-economic development.

A Middle Eastern style of mediatization of politics and conflicts: Were regional-domestic intersections considered?

This article examines the extent to which mediatization, as a western-centric metatheory central to an understanding of how the media logic comes to influence the political logic, applies to the study of non-western case studies. Considering the case of the 2006 Palestinian internal conflict (the split), the article examines the role of pan-Arab transnational satellite TV (PTSTV) journalism in covering the conflict’s trajectories. Building on primary qualitative data, gathered via semi-structured interviews with prominent stakeholders/insiders in the two parties and relevant sectors of news media and politics, the article explores the interplay between regional and Palestinian politics, evident in PTSTV’s coverage, and shows how available western-centred theoretical paradigms that draw on mediatization – in examining mediatized conflicts – fell short in examining such interplay for contextual, structural and sociocultural challenges in PTSTV’s operating milieu. Alternatively, the study inductively explored this interplay, overcoming the aforesaid contextual challenges, and provided evidence on how, with the lack of democratic principles in PTSTV’s operational milieu, structural/internal characteristics in these channels interacted with peripheral/external dimensions in their milieu and adversely affected their cultural dimension (coverage). PTSTV produced escalatory journalism that disseminated inflammatory content within a politically fractured culture, exacerbating the conflict and expanding the gap between the two rivals. This inductive approach in tracing the interplay – and its concurrent bargaining process – revealed five pivotal characteristics in PTSTV performance that are unique to those postulated in mediatization. They stand in this article as an authentic theoretical contribution that facilitated the handling of analytical challenges in the case study.

Manufacturing the ‘News Value’: How Pan-Arab Satellite TV Journalism Participated in Shaping the Palestinian Split

Objectives: The study aims at emphasizing the term ‘news value’, as one central concept in mediatised conflicts. It so aims at examining the role that pan-Arab satellite TV journalism (henceforth PASTV) might have played in shaping political processes while covering the Palestinian internal conflict (Palestinian split). The study explores the PASTV’s involvement in the conflict and how that was reflected in the conflict and its political trajectories.
 Methods: Considering the three major pan-Arab transnational Satellite TV (PASTV) channels; Al-Jazeera, Al-Arabiya, and Al-Mayadeen as case studies, the study draws on qualitative data generated through a non-probability, reputational snowball sample, of thirty semi-structured interviews with key Palestinian ‘insiders’ in the two sectors of news media and politics, for their insight on the issue of research and its interlaced dimensions.
 Results: Data analysis shows with evidence, how, in their sought to meet the interests of their financers of political powers, PASTV channels framed the news –in varied levels between them- to create/maximize the news value and attract public attention. PASTV aimed at creating public consonance with a local ally, also marketing fear from the ‘other’. While serving their financers, PASTV produced ‘instrumental journalism’, and participated in shaping Palestinian politics, and the perpetuation of conflict became a by-product.
 Conclusions: Considering the interventionist role that most PASTV channels played. It is recommended that PASTV journalism can play both an objective and constructive role, and foster reconciliation policy prescriptions.