Political Program Research Articles

The Soviet-Japanese Basic Convention of 1925 (the Historic and Legal Aspect)

The paper is devoted to the problem of international cooperation between the Soviet Union and Japan in the 1920s. The author uses the method of historical and legal analysis to examine the convention on the basic principles of relations between the USSR and Japan that was adopted in 1925. The Convention was one of the first significant historical instruments of the 20th century within the framework of the development of the Russian Far Eastern political program. The author examines the document from a historical and legal point of view in order to reveal its legal component and deepen the understanding of its diplomatic significance and influence on the development of international relations in the first half of the 20th century. The paper presents historical resources on the key reasons and conditions that led to the signing of the Convention. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the Convention’s content, basic principles of cooperation enshrined in the Convention that laid the foundations for the regulation of relations between the Soviet Union and Japan. The author also examines the consequences the Convention had for both countries both in the short and long run. The study presents the author’s standing regarding the contradictory nature of the Convention of 1925 expressed in realization by the parties of their foreign policy objectives through unequal concessions, particularly for the USSR. The contribution of the Convention to the formation of political and economic relations between Japan and the USSR in the following years is emphasized.

Effectiveness of Civic Political Literacy Through Collaboration Between Schools and NGOs in Makassar City

<span lang="IN">The low political literacy of citizenship is an urgency in building community participation, so real efforts are needed to increase public understanding and awareness of political issues. This study explores LAPAR SULSEL’s role in the civic political literacy program in Makassar City in providing information, implementing political education, and collaborating with other institutions to achieve program goals. This research was conducted using descriptive qualitative research methods. The results showed that LAPAR SULSEL has a significant role in increasing civic political literacy in Makassar City. They provide information through publications on social media, seminars, discussions, and training using educational and advocacy strategies to build public awareness</span><span lang="IN"> about political issues. In this research it can be concluded that through the provision of information and effective political education programs, LAPAR SULSEL has succeeded in helping people become more active and aware of their rights and obligations as citizens. Therefore, this study has positive implications for the development of civic political literacy by emulating the efforts of LAPAR SULSEL in providing information and conducting political education</span>

The normative stakes of Foucault's engagement with neoliberalism: Seduction, invention, and normalization

AbstractThis article critically examines Foucault's engagement with neoliberalism. While Foucault declares that his analysis of this tradition is primarily descriptive, I argue that he continually questions whether neoliberalism is less disciplinary and biopolitically normalizing than traditional forms of liberalism. Although Foucault does not endorse neoliberalism as a prescriptive solution to these problems of normalization, his interest in such problems is consistent with his tendency to privilege freedom over other values like justice and equality. This helps to clarify the normative stakes of Foucault's analysis while rejecting any suggestion that he was invested in neoliberalism as a comprehensive political program. Indeed, I repudiate the claim that he was “seduced” by neoliberalism. Furthermore, I reject the idea that he was trying to “invent” a distinctively socialist governmentality through the prism of neoliberalism. Finally, I consider the broader significance of this discussion for normative political philosophy.

Perceptions of Violent Crime Among a Sample of Bronx College Students: Results From Focus Groups

Purpose:This study sought to understand how a convenient sample of college students between the ages of 20 and 35 years of age in the Bronx perceive and experience violent crime (VC). The focus of the study is on perceptions of risk and an exploration of crime prevention strategies.Methods:This project conducted two online focus groups with a sample of 24 young adults residing in the Bronx, NY, enrolled at the higher education institution in Spring 2021 and Fall 2022. The main research questions are the following: (a) How do young adults in the Bronx perceive and better understand VC risk? (b) What are the young people’s proposals or ideas to develop prevention strategies to address VC in the Bronx? The focus groups were held online using Zoom and Mentimeter.Results:Study participants expressed concerns about feeling unheard and feeling of a constant threat to their safety. They expressed a lack of trust for the existing political and social programs and did not express strong community ties and community engagement. This research suggests a promise of using spatial research to engage young adults in the Bronx in VC prevention and advocacy programs.Conclusions:Overall, this study found an active voice in young adults when discussing VC. Participants expressed a need for community dialogue and action to address the increasing trend of VC in the Bronx.

Hegemonic Party System and Federalism

The paper inquiries into the fixture of the hegemonic Ethiopian Peoples’ Revolutionary Democratic Party (EPRDF) in the operation of the Ethiopian federal constitutional order. It finds out the federal malfunction of EPRDF. The hegemonic political program of the front, which took the shape of a non-competitive dominant party was not in line with the constitutional diversity of the federal system, as it delinked the constitutional right to self-determination and federal autonomy from the options of multiparty politics. On the structure of EPRDF, equal representation was favorable to the federal politics of diversity accommodation and minority protection. However, the exclusiveness of its structure from the “affiliate” parties had the effects of a narrow-based federal shared-rule, as EPRDF which was the only channel to influence the center. Party-state inseparability was the other gap to the check of power and in establishing the neutrality of the state to deal with ethnic-driven conflict, as a major pathology to the stability of ethnic federal systems. Finally, the power nucleus in the EPRDF created the dominance of TPLF at the perils of diminishing the representative legitimacy and the subordinate position of the “affiliate parties” to EPRDF.

The formation of the Serbian national idea and its implementation in the political programs of the XIX century

The formation of the Serbian national idea and its implementation in the political programs of the XIX century

Предпосылки издания указа 17 апреля 1905 г. «Об укреплении начал веротерпимости»

This article examines the prerequisites for the publication by Emperor Nicholas II of the decree "On strengthening the principles of religious tolerance". The Russian Empire was a unique multinational and multi-religious state. Until 1905, the laws of the empire established religious tolerance. However, freedom of religion was conditional. Recognized religions had different legal status; freedom of conscience, understood as the right to freely move from one religion to another, was absent. Coverage of this issue is impossible without defining the confessional structure of the Russian Empire, which had developed by the beginning of the XX century. According to the author, there were contradictions within the confessional structure, which became the most important prerequisite for reform. In addition, public discourse has had a significant impact. The society has formed a conviction about the need to lift restrictions on religious freedoms. The liberal wing of public thought included the issue of freedom of conscience in the political program, which translated the demand for the expansion of religious tolerance to a new, political level. Another prerequisite for the reform was the understanding by some officials of the futility of criminal liability against "seducers" and "fallen away". This should also include the work of the higher bureaucracy to mitigate the regime of religious tolerance, which was reflected in the imperial decree of December 12, 1904. Finally, the revolutionary events of 1905 also had an impact on accelerating the course of reform.

Ideologie językowe w programach wyborczych Nowej Partii Postępowej w Portoryko

The aim of this article is to analyze language ideologies towards Spanish, English and bilingualism articulated in selected political party programs (or party platforms, programa de gobierno) of the New Progressive Party (NPP) in Puerto Rico after 2000. The study examines the beliefs, declarations, and objectives related to the main language ideologies on the island, regarding: (1) Spanish as the national language of Puerto Ricans (monolingualism); (2) English as the language of American citizens and the U.S. federal government (monolingualism); (3) English as a resource for social and economic advancement (linguistic instrumentalism and/or linguistic entrepreneurship); (4) bilingualism as a resource for social and economic advancement (linguistic instrumentalism and/or linguistic entrepreneurship); (5) English as a global language (perceived as a universal means of communication). The article examines the programs presented during the general elections that led to the NPP candidates assuming the positions of governors: Luis Fortuño (2009-2013), Ricardo Rosselló (2017-2019), and Pedro Pierluisi (2021-2024). This analysis is contextualized within the language debates that form part of the island’s long history of the coexistence of Spanish and English since 1898.

Fairness, tika and political science in Aotearoa New Zealand: Some “inconvenient evidence”

This article is a rejoinder to Annie Te One and Maria Bargh’s article, published in the previous edition of The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education, exploring whether the political science discipline in Aotearoa New Zealand is keeping pace with change with respect to Māori politics content in university political science programs, the number of Māori employed in the political science profession and the content of New Zealand's Political Science journal. While acknowledging the importance of their case, an assessment of the empirical evidence and further analysis of the data and the methods used by Te One and Bargh refutes their allegations in relation to all three issues. As one of the co-editors of Political Science, I note that, from 2012 to 2022, the acceptance rate of articles on Māori politics was 91.7% and that of Māori authors submitting on a Māori topic was 100%. Recognition and change are underway.

Investigating discourse markers “you know” and “I mean” in mediatized English political interviews: a corpus-based comparative study

This study employs a corpus-based approach to examine and compare the use of two discourse markers (DMs), “you know” and “I mean”, within the context of two mediatised English political interviews. The analysis encompasses frequencies, functions, co-occurrences, and positional distributions of these DMs. The study utilizes specialized corpora from two political interview programs: CGTN’s The Point with Liu Xin and BBC’s HARDtalk. The frequency analysis reveals that “you know” is statistically more prevalent than “I mean” in both programs, reflecting the spontaneity, interactivity, and need for clarification characteristic of political interviews. Notably, the Chinese interviewer (IR) uses “you know” more extensively, possibly due to a cultural preference for ensuring mutual understanding and engaging the audience, while the British IR employs “I mean” slightly more frequently, likely reflecting a tendency to clarify or reframe statements for precision. Functionally, these DMs serve diverse purposes such as hedging, agreeing, and monitoring across various domains including interpersonal, sequential, and rhetorical. Positional analysis shows “you know” typically appearing medially and “I mean” often in initial positions. These results underscore the distinctive interviewing styles of the two IRs and the pivotal role of these DMs in fulfilling a spectrum of communicative functions. This research offers valuable insights into the interviewer’s perspective in political interviews.

Environmental Care: How Marine Scientists Relate to Environmental Changes

AbstractMarine scientists have reported drastic environmental changes in marine and polar regions as a result of climate change. The changes range from species compositions in coastal regions and the deep-sea floor, the degradation of water and ice quality to the ever-growing plastic pollution affecting marine habitats. Marine scientists study these changes in their fieldwork, and communicate their findings in scientific publications. Some also rally in protests for the necessity of political programs to tackle changes. Based on ethnographic visits and interviews with marine scientists, this study examines how marine scientists experience and act on environmental changes as individuals and as collectives. In order to analyze their experiences and actions, I use the notion of care and portray care in different times and spaces, from work to protest. I demonstrate how care needs to be situated in different times and spaces, how care is embedded in a complex relationship of institutional requirements and structural demands that researchers experience, but also how care receives institutionalization and has an impact on research interests and agendas. In doing so, I show the social and epistemic consequences of care, opening up a view of individual and collective care in the marine sciences.

Specific features of constructing the memory and identity politics in modern Kyrgyzstan

Objectives. The relevance of studying this topic is that memory and identity politics, or historical politics, affect the awareness of the national, cultural, civic identity of the population, which is an important factor in the consolidation of society. The purpose of this study is the analysis of political activity which is aimed at the development of national identity. Methods. When writing the paper, the following methods were used: structural and functional, dialectical, and logical. Results: As a result of the study, it was found that at present the Kyrgyz political elite needs to create a political programme for long-term memory, since there is no specific national policy regarding this. Such a programme should be created in the form of a single political and legal document at the state level. It will be able to ensure systematic, progressive growth based on an understanding of common goals, assuming spiritual unity, which will contribute to the development of a sense of national identity. Conclusions. Due attention should be paid to the development of the museum sphere. It is also important to investigate interethnic relations and the development of terminology of ethno-national identity. The practical significance of this study lies in the fact that all theoretical provisions, conclusions, and recommendations can be used to create a programme that will be aimed at developing collective memory and a sense of national identity

Challenged by postmaterialism: left-wing parties in postcommunist Europe

ABSTRACT The article explores the evolution of left-wing voting in the postcommunist countries of Central and Eastern Europe against the background of value shifts. The main trend indicates that those societies are witnessing a gradual transition to postmaterialism. However, examining the parties’ electoral manifestos allowed the authors to conclude that the twenty-first century cannot be characterized by uniform trends: only in the case of environmentalism did the left-wing parties adapt to the changing values of their electorate, while for other indicators the situation was the opposite. The main argument of the study, supported by regression analysis is that only the appeal to green policies prevented the left-wing parties from losing out in electoral campaigns, while the references to multiculturalism and social equality had the opposite effect. Curiously enough, the verbal commitment to traditionalist values also helped the left-wingers to retain their electorate. To get a more complete picture of the voting patterns, the authors carried out an investigation into the left-wing electorate. The conclusion was that supporters of the left-wing parties are increasingly inclined toward postmaterialism. At the same time, the study showed the ineffectiveness of the left-wing political programs. This creates a gap between the left-wing parties and their electorate.

The rise and fall of political comedy on late night TV

ABSTRACT The emergence and demise of political comedy – a form of political humor distinct from political satire – on late night television, can be understood as a commercial response to the media landscape of the time. During the “golden era” of broadcast television, three networks dominated the television landscape and crafted their content to appeal to a mass national audience. This meant avoiding overtly political programming and messaging that favored either side of the political spectrum. But by the early 2000s, the widespread penetration of cable and satellite television, and later, the advent of the Internet and television streaming services meant that content providers could no longer hope to appeal to mass audiences. Thus, they began to target their programming toward smaller, more specific audiences. In this environment, political satire could thrive. In addition, the inclinations of late night talk show hosts and particular political circumstances helped push political comedy off the late night airwaves. Political satire now rules the late night television political humor landscape and will likely do so in the future.

Penguatan Peran Politik Masyarakat dalam Pemilihan Kepala Desa melalui Program Pengabdian Masyarakat

The focus of this research is to enhance community political participation in the village head elections in Separi Besar Village, Tenggarong Seberang Subdistrict, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, which has historically shown low participation rates. The research method used is action research with a participatory approach, involving collaboration between researchers, community leaders, and political experts. The research comprises three stages: preliminary study preparation, implementation of political socialization and outreach programs, and evaluation and reflection. The results of the research indicate that the community service program successfully increased political participation among villagers significantly. Before the intervention, only 30% of villagers actively participated in the village head elections; however, after the program was implemented, participation rose to 65%. The level of understanding among villagers regarding the importance of political participation and the election process also increased from 40% to 80%. Interviews and observations showed an increase in villagers' trust in the local political system and their involvement in other village activities. The recommendation from this research is to expand political education programs to other villages facing similar issues. These programs should include intensive socialization, distribution of educational materials, and election simulations to provide practical experience for villagers. These measures are expected to strengthen local democracy and enhance the overall welfare of village communities.

The Influencing Factors and Countermeasures of Youth Political Participation

The youth have immense power to achieve their political goals. Youth have different perspectives towards politics which is determined their goals and objectives in the politics. By engaging in decision making, young people are learning about the political processes in society, but are also developing necessary skills, such as self - esteem, confidence, negotiation skills, a sense of autonomy etc. Thus participation is considered a tool for individual development of a young person as a citizen. Youth participation in politics encompasses a wide range of activities that allow individuals to form and express their views on the state of the world and how it is run, as well as to influence the decisions that directly affect their daily lives. This study discusses the factors that could influence political participation among youth. The purpose of this study is to examine the intuitional and exogenous factors of youth’s influencing political participation of youth’s. A total of 260 youths were participated in this survey, with a response rate of 100 % at the district level in Karnataka. Finding from multiple linear regression demonstrate that the influence of intuitional factors such as youth’s decision - making skills and political knowledge, youth’s technological sophistication and information literacy, political participation starts at the local, personality traits and attitude towards society, breaking a political nepotism, family background, voluntary activities and exogenous factors of youth’s such as contacting public officials, campaign activity, communal activities, role of students' unions/schools/colleges, political party programmes, financing and support, social environment, youth peer groups and associates, participation through voting have a substantial influence on political participation.

The Effect of Flooding Technique Training on Anxiety in Arguing Students

The study aims to explore the influence of engineering training flooding against the level of anxiety in a student's argument. Experimental methods are used to involve students from the islamic political study program at the islamic university of raden's fatah palembang. The technique of flooding, which involves the use of imaginative techniques, has proved to be effective in overcoming fear and anxiety in cases such as phobias, obsessive, and psychotics. In this study, the technique of flooding is used to help students overcome anxiety in argument. Research indicates a significant difference between the anxiety levels before and after the training of the technique flooding, showing the effectiveness of this technique in reducing anxiety. It is hoped that this study will provide a useful recommendation for improving the effectiveness of training techniques flooding into anxiety in student argument.

Psychosocial Support After Galodo in Jorong Panti, Nagari Rambatan, Tanah Datar

The Galodo disaster that struck Jorong Panti, Rambatan District, Tanah Datar, not only caused physical damage but also had a significant impact on the psychosocial condition of the community. The loss of homes, family members, and livelihoods created a need for assistance that goes beyond material support, emphasizing the importance of psychosocial care. This community service program aimed to restore the psychosocial condition of disaster victims, reduce post-disaster trauma, enhance community skills and knowledge, and support local economic recovery. The method used in this service was Participatory Action Research (PAR), allowing direct community involvement in the recovery process. Activities included psychological support for families and children, reviving Quranic learning programs (TPA) that had stopped, enhancing early childhood literacy through storytelling and drawing, and organizing political education to prepare for local elections, as well as entrepreneurship workshops to reignite the survivors' work spirit and improve their skills. The results of this program show that the psychosocial assistance provided successfully reduced trauma impacts, particularly on children, and increased community participation in social and religious activities. Additionally, the entrepreneurship and political education programs contributed positively to local economic recovery and improved the community’s political awareness. In the final week, the program concluded with religious competitions and cultural performances as a form of appreciation and an effort to strengthen social traditions and values. In conclusion, this community service program had a positive impact on the psychosocial and economic recovery of the Jorong Panti community following the Galodo disaster by actively involving the community in every phase of recovery

Political Protestant Party, Protestant radicals in the Dutch electoral and parliamentary arena between 1918 and 2023.

The aim of the article is to analyze the ideological and programmatic evolution of the Protestant Political Party in the Netherlands. A hypothesis was put forward that this party itself does not undergo any major ideological changes, constituting a kind of ideological fossil. The study used a quantitative-qualitative method. Quantitative research is based on statistical analysis of election results and the distribution of seats. Qualitative analysis is based on an attempt to answer research questions based on literature analysis, historical, institutional, legal and systemic comparative studies. The program analysis carried out over the years showed that changes in the party’s political program concerned mainly the language and the addition of contemporary social and political problems. The change in the issue of woman’s political rights is a change forced by external institutions, pragmatic acceptance of the democratic system took place already in 1918.

The Influence of Political Program Promotion and Social Media on the Decision to Elect DPRD Members

The DPRD General Election (PEMILU) is an event for electing people's representatives at the regional level who are expected to represent the aspirations of the people who elect them. The people's hopes are very high for his deputy who will sit on the honorable council of people's representatives. This research aims to determine and analyze the impact of political program promotions and social media on the decision to elect members of the Jember Regency DPRD in the 2024 Election. The population in this research is the entire Permanent Voter List (DPT) in Jember Regency which is classified as a millennial generation of 662,664 people ( 33.6%) of the total DPT in Jember Regency of 1,972,216 people. By using the Slovin Formula, a sample size of 100 respondents was obtained. This research consists of 2 types of variables, namely independent variables (political programs and social media) and dependent variables (decisions to elect DPRD members). Descriptive analysis was carried out to determine the descriptive nature of respondents. Analysis of validity tests and reliability tests to test research questionnaires. Test the hypothesis to determine the impact of the independent variable on the dependent variable in this research. After the analysis was carried out, the result was that the promotion of political programs had an impact on the decision to elect DPRD members. Social media has an impact on the decision to elect DPRD members.