Modern Politics Research Articles

Opportunities for Solidarity and Consolidation of Students on the Basis of University Student Associations in the Conditions of Modern Political Reality

Introduction. The relevance of the research is mainly due to the need to consolidate and solidarize the modern Russian students in the interests of the state and society development, especially in the context of the current social, political and economic turbulence of the current time. The purpose of the article is to identify the potential of solidarity and consolidation of students through their involvement in the activities of student organizations and associations (using the example of universities of the consortium of universities “Upper Volga – the Territory of innovation”). Materials and Methods. The research is based on two theoretical and methodological approaches: the theory of collective action and the theory of collective identity. The empirical basis of the research is the data arrays obtained during a series of 12 focus group interviews among university students of the consortium of universities “Upper Volga – the Territory of innovation” and interviews with experts who directly interact with students or study the problems of modern Russian students. Results. The study has revealed a significant potential of student associations for consolidation and solidarity of students through extracurricular activities. However, it also has made it possible to identify a number of deficits that reduce their effectiveness in this direction, the overcoming of which seems relevant in the modern social and political situation. Discussion and Conclusion. Student and youth associations are an important institution for the consolidation and solidarization of Russian students. They form not only value-orientational attitudes, which a significant part of young people can accept and include in the concept of their own worldview, but are also able to organize various forms of activity for the practical activities of Russian students. The results of the study will be useful for improving the effectiveness of the work of youth public associations with students, as well as student associations in universities, involving young people in the activities of youth public organizations and consolidating Russian students in the interests of the country’s development.

Towards a Conceptual-Historical Critique of the Essentialist and Teleological Interpretations of Russian History. Part 2

Continuing to question some traditional historiographical theses, in this second part, the author discusses the common assertion that “popular” praxis is dependent on naïve belief in the benevolent tsar: on the contrary, the subjects of action adapt their beliefs to their needs. A still very influential historiography considers that illusions, naïve, popular, and false as well as passivity would constitute the plurisecular “mentality” of the Russian peasantry. But mentality is a category that is deficient in the explanation of historical dynamics, especially when it comes to change. Against the verdict “false” applied to the myth of the benevolent tsar, the author explains why a myth is neither true nor false and stresses that it should not be considered as a stage in a history of thought that would lead to a scholarly representation but it is necessary to understand its origin, its logic and the usefulness of its use by human beings, in particular its role in the production of modern political thought. Against the positivist historiography’s disdain for popular metaphors, the author highlights the “truth” of the autocratic system that this linguistic figure expresses and the permeability between metaphor and action. The study concludes by tracing, based on the material analyzed, Russian history’s own path towards a political modernity that by its reality inhibits the existence of any central modernity and situates the moment at which this Russian modernity appears in the light of day.

The politics of drama: How Hegel’s aesthetics inform contemporary theories of radical democracy

The history of political philosophy is marked by a conception of politics as inherently tragic. As such, it has hardly ever been systematically contrasted with the other model of dramatic art, comedy. In this article, I explore the relation between Hegel's twofold notion of drama as an ordered genre of disorder – what he considers to be the highest form of self-reflective art – and the post-foundational concept of radical democracy. After outlining the interplay between order and disorder in post-foundationalist theories of political difference, I summarize the way in which the steps of Hegel's poetics consecutively build on each other and elaborate the role of the dramatic genres. By means of a genealogical reconstruction of the respective concepts of democracy and drama, I demonstrate the extent to which these two methodologies correspond to poetic and political order formation in a structural homology. This conceptualization concludes with the assertion of a constitutive dramatization of political modernity which does not, however, culminate in the concept of political tragedy but points towards a still-to-be-realized, comically ordered democracy.

Regional features of the demographic processes in the Russian-Kazakh cross-border regions

Formation of new borders has transformed the adjacent territories of Russia and Kazakhstan into a new political and socio-economic space. The purpose of the work is to analyze demographic processes with the account of the territorial features of the Russian-Kazakh border area in the conditions of modern political, economic and social integrations. The use of methods of economic and statistical analysis made it possible to identify the vector and dynamics of the demographic processes in the adjacent border territories. Based on the analysis of spatial differentiation of population changes by administrative entities of the Russian-Kazakh cross–border area in the period 1989–2021, there were identified six regional groups with different character of the demographic situation — from critical to most favorable. As a result of the analysis of demographic indicators, significant differences were revealed depending on the level of the studied territories. At the macro level, on both sides of the Russian-Kazakh border, there is generally a similar demographic situation both in its orientation and in the relative values of the main demographic indicators. At the meso level, there is a multidirectional dynamics of regional indicators. The leaders of population growth are mainly resource-producing regions. The regions, in which the population has decreased most of all, are adjacent border territories, between which there is a low asymmetry of indicators and almost complete synchronicity of the ongoing processes. At the micro level, comparing cities and districts, there are significant contrasts in almost all demographic indicators. Moreover, in the Kazakh part of the border area, these differences are more significant. In general, there is the same trend throughout the border regions — the population is moving to more developed areas — from depressed rural areas to district centers and small towns, from small and medium-sized cities to large regional centers and big cities.

Personality, Interests, «Rules instead of Laws»: Standpoint of a Young Professor of Jurisprudence (To the 200th Anniversary of the Great Russian Educator K.D. Ushinsky)

The author analyzes K.D. Ushinsky’s views on personality, its numerous and multifaceted interests, cameralism and civil law from the little-known legal works written by K.D. Ushinsky in the first years after graduating from the Faculty of Law of Moscow University, namely three years of his serving as a professor of the Demidovsky Law Lyceum in Yaroslavl. In this regard, the general conditions of teaching at that higher educational institution and the range of disciplines taught, the few surviving sources of Ushinsky’s lecture activity of this period and his speech «On cameral education» at the solemn meeting of the Demidovsky Lyceum are briefly considered. Special attention is given to Ushinsky’s astute conclusion that convenient rules took the place of laws in German cameralistics of that time. This opinion is especially relevant today, because it shows that the desire of Western countries to start living not according to the norms of international law, but according to the rules established by them, did not arise today. The modern political, diplomatic, legal, and economic reality is literally oversaturated with facts of illegal sanctions, asset freezes, property seizures, and other illegal actions of the United States and a number of other Western countries against Russia and other independent states, as well as citizens of these states. Ushinsky’s analysis of German cameralism clearly shows that the use by Western countries of «rules convenient for them» instead of laws is by no means a modern «invention», but a constantly developing process, the foundation of which was laid by Western political and legal thought several centuries ago.

Political Modernization and its Future Effect on Executive and Legislative Authorities in Jordan

Objective: This study aimed at identifying political modernization in Jordan and its future effect on the executive and legislative authorities (the house of representatives) based on the amendments to the constitution as well as the laws of parties and elections passed in 2022 in accordance with the Royal Committee to Modernize the Political System in 2021. Method: the analytical descriptive approach, the legal approach, and content analysis approach. Results: firstly, political modernization will have a significant positive effect on the legislative authority (house of representatives) in terms of structure in the future; and secondly, political modernization hasn't affected the executive authority in terms of the way through which it has been introduced; however, when the parliamentary action is completed in all its forms in the Jordanian political system in the future, the way of its emergence will be addressed in order to identify the titles of partisan governments. Conclusion: the first being the necessity of continuing the political modernization efforts started by the Jordanian state in the legislative authority (house of representatives) and the executive authority; the second being the maintenance of the texts of the elections law without change while taking into consideration the possibility of amending articles as necessary in the future, in accordance with the aspirations that will take place to the legislative authority (house of representatives) and executive authority.

Economic development and economic policy in the transition to post-normality

Aim. To study the transformations of economic development trends and changes in the priorities of economic policy in the period of modern political and economic turbulence associated with the transition to a new quasi-stable state of the economy — post-normality.Tasks. To consider the features of the modern Russian economic model; to describe the mechanism of the impact of macro shocks of 2020 and 2022 on the Russian and world economy; to characterize the target — postnormal — state of the national and world economy; to offer recommendations for improving economic policy in the new conditions.Methods. The author of the article used both general scientific methods of research, including systemic, retrospective, institutional and macroeconomic (positive and normative) analysis, and specialized methods of studying economic evolution, economic dynamics and statics, situational and scenario modeling, economic statistics and others.Results. In recent years, the conditions of foreign economic interaction of many national economies, especially the Russian economy, have changed. During the post-Soviet period, Russia has consistently and systematically pursued a policy of economic liberalization, in particular, foreign economic liberalization. The first significant blow to the openness of national economies was the COVID-19 pandemic. The second was the sanctions imposed against Russia by the countries of the “collective West”, which gradually affected an increasing number of countries. The essence of these shocks from the point of view of macroeconomic analysis is a jump-like increase in the closedness of the national economy. Under these conditions, it is established that national economies of post-industrial type turn out to be unstable and unviable under the new realities. This should be taken into account in economic policy. Attention should also be paid to the fact that the processes of growing crisis of the currently prevailing model of open economy will inevitably affect not only economic, but also political, cultural and other processes. An attempt to overcome the sanctions on Russia by geographical reorientation of foreign economic interactions can be effective only in the short term, as a tactical measure. Strategically, it will not work, because the flaws of the open economy model, consisting in high (and in some cases — critical) dependence of the national economy on foreign economic interactions, cannot disappear. Therefore, this openness should be reduced in areas critical for national development. Special attention in economic policy should be paid to the issues of social justice, without the solution of which it is impossible to achieve public consensus and ensure the effectiveness of the institutional changes necessary in connection with the transition to post-normality. Conclusions. The modern Russian economy is at another transitional stage of development. In general, constant transformations are a systemic property of the economy, a condition for its existence. At the same time, in modern realities there is a transformation of strategic nature associated with the change of the key feature of the existing economic model — its degree of openness. Although the Russian economy as a whole has been able to adapt to the new conditions of functioning, but this is a tactical adaptation, in the strategic aspect it is not enough for a successful transition to the post-normal stage of development. In this regard, a more balanced and active participation of the state in the management of economic development processes and their regulation is required, subject to the formation of effective economic and other incentives to support such processes for both business and the population. In view of this, it is advisable to take into account the recommendations proposed by the author of the article in the economic policy.

Plato’s Political Philosophy and its Assessment in the Discourse of Modern Political Science

Plato’s doctrine of the ideal state is the first form of political philosophy in the written history for European thought. The influence of Plato on the formation of political philosophy cannot be overestimated, since its further development in one way or another was based on the discourse and methodology that was set by his dialogues. This study aims to identify common discourses and dialectical foundations of the most influential modern schools of political philosophy converging in the ideas of Plato. Also, the study is aimed at identifying the main forms in which the philosophical ideas of Plato function in modern political philosophy in an explicit and implicit way. The contribution of the research and its novelty lies in the disclosure of the implicitly immanent features that connect political philosophy with the ideas of Plato as its primary source.

Phenomenological Views of Pancasila Perspectives about Democracy

As Indonesia navigates its complex path towards economic and political modernization, the transition to democracy has seen it evolve into an industrial society. However, this change has inadequately empowered vital economic sectors for public welfare. Additionally, the nation's unstable democratic politics stray from Pancasila, Indonesia's guiding philosophical principles advocating for deliberative dialogue. Over the past 15 years, developmental politics and political liberalization have clashed, undermining both the collective economy and cultural wisdom, and eroding Indonesia's unique cultural identity. This has stirred doubts about the fit of democracy within Indonesia's nation-state construct. The ensuing research aims to reevaluate indigenous wisdom and political ideologies ingrained in Indonesia's diverse ethnic landscape, focusing on untapped social capital to bolster the democratic framework. The study comprises two key research areas: one looks at ethnic communities like Wajo and Minang, and the second studies social dynamics in various Java city parks. Grounded in Consultative Democracy and examined through a phenomenological lens, the research sits within the broader arena of political anthropology. It uses a qualitative-interpretive methodology to delve into culture, economics, and politics, aspiring to enrich our understanding of their intricate interconnections in modern Indonesia and contribute to a nuanced dialogue on Indonesia's democratic viability

The Principles of Islamic Polity in the Qur’an and Sunnah: Revisiting Modern Political Discourse

Polity is a global phenomenon that refers to the political system, structures, and processes for shaping and governing society. Islam, as a complete code of life, addresses all issues of polity. This study attempted to explore the political system of the Holy Qur’an, Practiced by the Prophet (SAAS) and the Khulafa-e-Rashidun as well. This study found that essential principles of the Islamic polity mentioned in the Qur’an are Tawhid (Islamic Monotheism), Shari`ah (Way of life), ‘Adalah (Justice), Hurriyah (Freedom), Musawah (Equality), Shura (Consultation), Al-Wasatiyyah (Moderation), Khilafah (Vicegerency), Ummah (Commonwealth), Muhasabah (Accountability), and Muʿāmalāt (Civil Conduct) etc. Regarding the Prophetic tradition, it is evident that the Madinan Charter, also known as the first written Constitution of the world and the Hudaibiyah Peace Pact were historically significant examples of a multicultural society where peaceful co-existence, freedom of all religions, and women’s participation had been ensured. Moreover, this study also discovered that the major Polity practiced by the Khulafa-e-Rashidun were Free and fair elections, Decision Process by Shura, Respecting Public Opinion, and Ensuring Transparency and Accountability etc.

Управление организацией спортивных мероприятий в Санкт-Петербурге

The article examines physical activities and sports events, its trends and peculiarities of state regulation in the St. Petersburg region in the conditions of modern political and economic reality. An original comprehensive approach to the study of problems in this industry is presented. Since the basis of management in the organiza-tion of sports and physical culture events is formed by legal regulation tools and personnel specialists from different fields, a legal analysis was carried out and regulatory regulators at the federal and regional levels were investigated, information on the personnel shortage was also structured for the first time based on the results of a sociological study, and a methodology for determining the main and additional personnel needs was applied. The statistical analysis of official sports and physical culture events was conducted in order to identify trends in the organization of sports events in the St. Petersburg region. Based on the analyses’ results, it is proposed to create an integrated form of interaction between specialists in education, economics and sci-ence, which formed the developed management structure of the sports events organization. In order to achieve the goal of increasing the level of economic indicators of the St. Petersburg region, including by increasing the volume of sports tourism, it is proposed to develop a priority direction, the basis of which is the holding of phys-ical culture events in the rank of national and international competitions.

Street Politics in Thailand During 2019 To 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic was adversely affecting Thailand amidst strong attacks especially by the youth groups on the government. The main force of Thai youth protests has made street politics in Thailand different from those of the past. By problematizing this emerging phenomenon, this paper proposes to tackle two research questions. How are the protests in Thailand during the Covid-19 pandemic different from those the past? How does the massive outbreak of protests generate implications for present and future Thailand? Therefore, this paper combines the theories of Radical Politics, Digital Activism and Contentious Politics, adopts qualitative research, mainly through documentary analysis, interviews and questionnaires to conduct a constructive research, to explore the development, changes and implications of street politics in Thailand during 2019 to 2022. This paper argues that the youth protests which took place in recent years have had a huge impact on many aspects of Thailand, but also had their shortcomings which, coupled with the strength of the government’s counter-measures to protests, led to continued but ineffective activities, with multiple conditions ultimately triggering a new period of deadlock in Thai political modernization. The paper tries to explain new methods of protest and counter-measures to protests, illustrating the impacts of social media on protests under the pandemic, and hoping in this way to enrich research on the development of street politics in Thailand and completes the research on the political participation of contemporary youth and its impact.

Algorithmic Maps and the Political Geography of Early-modern Japan

Many of our conventional mapping practices are ill-suited to the complexities and nuances of pre-modern politics, especially in the non-Western world. Choropleth maps suggest that political borders are clear and uniform, but early modern politics was characterized by ill-defined and overlapping political spheres. This study uses interactive maps to explore the case of composite state borders in early modern Japan. Using points, rather than polygons, to represent villages, we reproduce how Tokugawa-era officials understood political space primarily as population nodes, not as clearly defined polygons. In lieu of conventional borders, we calculate Voronoi polygons to show where political authority was spatially fragmented. Using logit analysis we show that increased spatial contiguity allowed lords (daimyo) to establish monopolies and tax their holdings more intensively. Other factors, such as the lord’s rank, figure prominently in the historiography, but can not be substantiated in our analysis.

Политическая медиариторика: системный подход к исследованию речевых практик политического медиадискурса

The article outlines a new integrated approach to the study of political media communications, represented as a separate discipline — political media rhetoric. The academic demand for media rhetoric as a new branch of media linguistic and rhetoric studies is determined by the growing interest to the rhetoric aspect of political media discourse and hence the necessity of introducing a complex systemic approach to its analysis. The theory of political media rhetoric is constructed on the basis of key assumptions of classical rhetoric, media linguistics, media stylistics and other disciplines related to the study of media discourse in the aspect of political communications.
 The article defines historical roots of the formation of media rhetoric,
 its academic goals, methodology, and its place within general structure of humanities. The subject of political media rhetoric is the actualization of different speech rhetorical practices in the sphere of political media discourse.
 The basic category of political media rhetoric is represented by a polycode multimodal rhetoric mediatext, functioning within the system of political media communications. The research potential of political media rhetoric has been analyzed on the material of public speeches of the French modern politicians. The conducted research shows that the terminology and methodology of political media rhetoric can be effectively applied as a complex systemic approach to the study of rhetoric media practices in the sphere of political media communications.

Моделі дослідження стійкості високотехнологічних виробництв в сучасних політико-економічних умовах

The task of studying the stability of high-tech enterprises (aviation, space, engineering industry) to the manifestation of threats and the occurrence of losses (economical, technological, etc.) is formed and solved. The relevance of this study is connected with the increasing risks that arise in the external environment and lead to the degradation of high-tech enterprises. The risks of functioning and development of high-tech enterprises connected with modern political and economic threats and the consequences of war are analyzed. It is concluded that the stability of high-tech production is one of the actual problems of restoring the country’s economy in the post- military period. Therefore, the topic of the proposed article is relevant, which explores possible ways to ensure the resilience of high-tech enterprises in the conditions of the turbulence of the world economy and the difficulties that arose as a result of the martial law of the country. An analysis of the direct security of the sustainability of high-tech enterprises in the post-military period is carried out. The possible expenses for the security and stability of the enterprise in the conditionals of the risks of causing possible threats (political and economic, climate, terrorist, military) are modeled. A model for the study of logistics processes, the formation of new supply chains of components, in the event of a delivery disruption, has been created. The expenses of restoring the supporting infrastructure of the enterprise because of the consequences of martial law and the aggressor’s actions are analyzed. The process of relocation (evacuation) of enterprises to new places is modeled as an example of ensuring the sustainability of enterprises during the war period. A simulation model is created to study the impact of threats and the emergence of expenses, to adopt preventive measures to ensure the sustainability of an enterprise. The scientific novelty of this study is connected with the development of a set of models that help to directly study the stability of high-tech enterprises to contemporary challenges and threats. The results of the research can be useful for modeling preventive action plans before the appearance of threats and expenses that improve the stability and reliability of the functioning of high-tech enterprises.

Noble-Bourgeois Elites in an Age of Revolutions, c. 1790–1850

AbstractThis article focuses on the shift toward post-revolutionary politics supported by reform-minded aristocratic clans and their bourgeois allies. Using the example of the Balbo family – one of the leading aristocratic families in Sardinia-Piedmont – I will argue that the quest for stability and pragmatism is crucial to understanding the political, cultural, and ideological reorientations within the noble-bourgeois elites in the first age of global revolutions. Family history is a lens through which it is possible to look afresh at this vital period of social transformations, state expansion, and political modernization. The article explores the Balbos’ family history across generations and genders, not only in the revolutionary and Napoleonic period, but also in the decades after the Congress of Vienna. In doing so, it sheds new light on the course of state-building processes, constitutional reforms, and the formation of a new, composite elite, which would largely dominate European politics until the end of the nineteenth century.

Проблеми у сфері доброчесності суддів в сучасних умовах політико-правової реальності

The article examines aspects of the generalization of problems in the field of integrity of judges in modern conditions of political and legal reality. The integrity of judges is the basis for ensuring civil rights and freedoms, as well as for fulfilling the important role of judges in ensuring a just society. In the context of judicial reform in Ukraine, the integrity of judges acts as a strategic tool for ensuring the independence and transparency of the judicial system, contributes to strengthening citizens' trust in the judiciary and increasing the authority of the court in society. It has been established that in the context of the purification of the judiciary, the integrity of the courts becomes a key tool for identifying and using negative phenomena, such as corruption, impartiality and other violations of ethical norms. This requires judges to follow not only the letter of the law, but also the higher principles of justice, which are based on general human rights and principles of justice. It is motivated that trust in the judicial system is based on society's deep understanding of equality before the law and the independence of the judiciary from the influence of political or other external factors, acting as a key element of the legitimation of power and the legal system as a whole. Therefore, it is summarized that the judicial system, as a reflector in the entire legal system, bears a huge responsibility to society and the state as a whole, contributing to establishing trust in the legal system and supporting the principles of equality and justice. The following problems in the field of integrity of judges in the modern political and legal reality are singled out: moral instability of representatives of the judiciary and the dilemma of individual morality in the context of a court decision; political influence on judges and the process of administration of justice; systemic defects and moral and ethical orientation of the judicial system, here it is important to take into account that the judicial system itself can write internal defects and conflicts of interests that can undermine the integrity of judges; intercultural dissonance and problems of sociocultural adaptation of judges in international aspects of the implementation of multifaceted social space.

Joshua Mauldin, Barth, Bonhoeffer, and Modern Politics

Joshua Mauldin, Barth, Bonhoeffer, and Modern Politics

Carl Schmitt on the Transformations of the People in Modernity

Abstract This article argues that through the reinterpretation of the old theory of pouvoir constituant proposed by Sieyès, Carl Schmitt shows the impossibility of political modernity being anything other than authoritarian populism, whether by means of democratic or autocratic procedures. It is not that Schmitt's theory is authoritarian populism, but that modern politics, born out of the French Revolution, cannot be anything else. Schmitt's analyses of the idea of the people in political modernity in Dictatorship (1921), The Crises of Parliamentary Democracy (1923), Volksentscheid und Volksbegehren (1927), Constitutional Theory (1928), and State, Movement, People (1933) provide a fine analysis of the populist character of modernity. Something that those alive in the twenty-first century have been able to experience was theorized by Schmitt in an oracular way. Because of his keen insight he is still worth reading.

The role of Euphemisms in Modern Political Discourse

The present article is devoted to the analysis of euphemistic substitutions used in political discourse and having a particular place in mass media texts. Such studies are quite urgent because of the constant changes in the current political situation and the importance of reflecting these transformations in modern language. The purpose of this article is to study euphemisms in terms of their functioning in American political discourse. To achieve the goal, the following objectives were set: to study the concept of political discourse from different points of view, to demonstrate the veiled meaning of statements used in political texts of the media and American politicians’ speeches, and to consider methods of influencing the mass consciousness of native speakers. The study is based on the ability of euphemisms not only to neutralize negative values according to generally accepted political correctness but also to change the meaning of the statement in order to achieve the necessary communicative effect. It is taken into account the phenomenon of euphemia having been studied in sufficient detail from different angles. With the aim of finding out how to use implicit influence through political euphemisms it was provided an overview of the mass media such as USA Today, The Washington Post, The New York Times, CNN International. It was revealed that euphemisms are able to hide true meaning and thereby have an impact on the opinion of society, so they can be used as manipulative language means directing the audience’s attitude towards certain things in the desired way.