Marriage Status Research Articles

Association between marital status and all-cause mortality of patients with metastatic breast cancer: a population-based study

This study aimed to investigate the association between marital status and the prognosis of patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Data of patients with MBC were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Patients were classified into married and unmarried groups. Kaplan–Meier analysis with the log-rank test was conducted to compare breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival (OS) between the groups. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional models were used to determine whether marital status was independently associated with OS, and the Fine–Gray subdistribution hazard method was performed to determine whether marital status was independently associated with BCSS. In total, 16,513 patients with MBC were identified, including 8949 married (54.19%) and 7564 unmarried (45.81%) patients. The married patients were significantly younger [median age (interquartile range), 59.0 (50.0–68.0) vs. 63.0 (53.0–75.0); p < 0.001] and received more aggressive treatments, such as chemotherapy (p < 0.001) and surgery (p < 0.001), than the unmarried patients. Moreover, married patients had higher 5-year BCSS (42.64% vs. 33.17%, p < 0.0001) and OS (32.22% vs. 21.44%, p < 0.0001) rates. Multivariable analysis revealed that marital status was an independent prognostic factor, and married status was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of breast cancer-specific (sub-hazard ratio, 0.845; 95% confidence interval, 0.804–0.888; p < 0.001) and all-cause (hazard ratio, 0.810; 95% confidence interval, 0.777–0.844; p < 0.001) mortality. Unmarried patients had a 15.5% increased risk of breast cancer-specific mortality and a 19.0% increased risk of overall mortality compared with married patients with MBC. BCSS and OS were superior in married populations compared with unmarried populations in most subgroups. Marital status was an independent prognostic indicator for survival in patients with MBC and was associated with significant survival benefits.

Waithood: Tren Penundaan Pernikahan pada Perempuan di Sulawesi Selatan

Nowadays there are many people around the world who prefer to delay their marriage. Delaying of marriage has become a trend resecently and it increases globally. While most of literatures on waithood dealing with social life change, this article focuses on the trend of waithood among women.&#x0D; Using qualitative approach, this study was conducted in South between August and November 2022. The study involved 10 participants whose age range between 30 to 34 years old. While they also vary on the basis of their job, namely teacher, nurse, civil worker, private sector worker, banker, entrepreneur, and stewardess, two of them are unemployed. &#x0D; The results of this study indicate that there are several reasons why women choose to delay their marriage, namely aiming to focus on their careers, are not financial ready, are not mentally ready, intending to focus on family, be selective in choosing a partner, and intending to live independently. Women who choose to waithood play a role as agents who can enjoy their own freedom, may focus to chase their dreams, and to enjoy life. It is argued in this article that despite the fact that married status is still idealized, waithood has become more common and more socially acceptable.

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY IN YOUNG ADULTS IN METROPOLITAN CITY

Depression is estimated to be experienced by 12 million young adults. In 2021, the prevalence of depression among the people was estimated to be about 20% due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The use of social media can be a trigger for depression and anxiety, especially among young people who are very closely related to social media. In addition, other factors can contribute to depression and anxiety, such as working status, age, married status, and gender. Aim of study is to find factors that influence depression and anxiety in young adults. This study used a quantitative analytic observational approach with a cross-sectional which was carried out in September-October 2022. It involved 285 young adult respondents aged 18-25 years who had lived at least 1 year in a metropolitan area (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi). This study showed that depression (66.4%) and anxiety (73.3%) are quite high in young adults. Working status is significantly associated with depression (p=0.0001) and anxiety (p=0.0001). Similarly, duration of social media use is significantly associated with depression (p&lt;0.001) and anxiety (p=0.026). However, gender, age, and marital status are not associated with depression and anxiety.

Risk of treatment refusal in male patients with advanced-stage cancers.

e18690 Background: A previous study conducted revealed that males with advanced cancer(CA) were 1.6 times more likely to refuse treatment(TX) than females. Based on this study, we sought to determine factors associated with TX refusal in males. Methods: Retrospective review. Inclusion criteria: male, 18-75 years, stage IV CA, between 01/01/2010-12/31/2015, refused any CA TX(refusal group(RG)). A randomly selected group of stage IV males who accepted TX in the same timeframe was used for comparison(acceptance group(AG)). Geisinger Health System’s data was used. Results: RG had 307 males; AG had 298. Mean age of RG was 62.9 (standard deviation(SD)7.9) and 59.2 (SD9.8) in AG; p &lt; 0.001. Lung CA was the most prevalent CA in both groups: 29.9% in AG and 34.9% in RG. Median interval-to-mortality was 42 days in RG (IQR 101.5), and 387 days in AG (IQR 686.5) p &lt; 0.001. Median Charlson Comorbidity Index(CCI) was greater in AG (9, IQR 6) than RG (median 5, IQR 5.5). BMI, PHQ score, median household income, mean number of years educated and tobacco use history were not associated with TX decisions. While 38.3% of AG had government-funded insurance(GFI), 67.1% of RG had GFI; p &lt; 0.001, OR 3.3, 95% CI 2.3-4.6. The prevalence of alcohol use disorder in RG was 9.8% compared with 3.4% in AG; p = 0.001, OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.5-6.5. RG had a greater prevalence of pre-cancer use of: antidepressants (28.3%) vs AG (14.4%)(p &lt; 0.001, OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.6-3.5), antipsychotics (20.8%) vs 11.1% in AG(p = 0.001, OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3-3.3), benzodiazepines (24.1%) vs 16.8% in AG(p = 0.03, OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.4), non-benzodiazepine anxiolytics (26.7%) vs 19.8% in AG(p = 0.04, OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0-2.2), mood stabilizers(15.6%) vs 7% in AG(p &lt; 0.001; OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.4-4.2). After cancer diagnosis(dx), the use of psychiatric medications becomes more prevalent in the AG. RG had a lower prevalence of post-cancer use of: antipsychotics(42.0%) vs 61.4% in AG (p &lt; 0.001, OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.6), benzodiazepines (51.5%) vs in 76.5% AG(p &lt; 0.001, OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2-0.5), non-benzodiazepine anxiolytics(37.8%) vs 78.2% in AG(p &lt; 0.001, OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1-0.2); mood stabilizers(16.6%) vs 28.2% in AG(p &lt; 0.001, OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.8). A married status was more prevalent in AG(58.4%) than RG(47.2%)(p = 0.005, OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.5-0.9). Only 19.2% and 20.1% in RG and AG, respectively, were referred to palliative medicine. Conclusions: TX refusal in males with advanced CA is associated with older age, GFI and a lower comorbid burden. Survival in males who accepted TX was 9 times longer. Males with private insurance were 3 times more likely to accept TX. TX of psychiatric disorders was more prevalent in the refusal group prior to CA dx but becomes more prevalent in the acceptance group after CA dx; this may indicate an increased prevalence of psychiatric disease in males who refused TX before CA dx, and a potential lack of psychiatric disease TX after CA dx. Married males were 1.6 times more likely to accept TX than single males.

Prognosis and trends in chemotherapy use for patients with stage IA triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC): A population-based study.

510 Background: Outcomes for patients with stage IA TNBC in the modern era remain poorly characterized, and the benefit and utilization of adjuvant chemotherapy (chemo) in this setting remains controversial. Methods: We analyzed data from women diagnosed with pathological stage IA TNBC in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database during 2010 to 2019. We evaluated the associations of adjuvant chemo with breast-cancer specific survival (BCSS) stratified by tumor size, using multivariate cox models adjusted for tumor size (overall cohort only), age at diagnosis, race, tumor grade, histology, radiation, marital status, income, and rurality. Frequency of chemo use over time was examined by tumor size. Multivariate logistic regression assessed variables associated with chemo administration. Results: In total, we examined data from 8,601 women with stage IA TNBC. Median age at diagnosis was 62 years. Most patients had high-grade tumors (70.1%), ductal histology (92.8%), and received adjuvant chemo (61.6%). Median follow up was 48 months (IQR: 20 – 83). The use of chemo significantly increased during 2010-2019 for both T1b tumors (p for trend = 0.001) and T1c tumors (p for trend &lt; 0.001), with 52.5% and 63% of the patients with T1b and T1c TNBCs receiving chemo in 2010, respectively, compared with 60.5% and 71.1% in 2019. No significant differences were observed in the use of chemo for T1mic (p for trend = 0.567) and T1a (p for trend = 0.637) tumors, with low utilization seen in both cohorts (9.5% overall in T1mic, 22.5% overall in T1a). Variables associated with chemo use included younger age, white race, married status, higher income, more recent diagnosis, higher tumor grade, ductal histology, and larger tumor size (all p &lt; 0.02). Overall, 5-year BCSS was high across T groups ( &gt; 90%; Table). Receiving chemo (vs. none/unknown) was associated with an improved 5-year BCSS (adjusted HR for BCSS = 0.70, p = 0.006). For T1c tumors specifically, adjuvant chemo (vs. none/unknown) was also associated with BCSS (adjusted HR 0.64, p = 0.002). The small number of BCSS events precluded comparisons for other tumor size subgroups. Table shows sample sizes and 5-year BCSS rate by chemo receipt for each T group. Conclusions: In a large population-based cohort of patients with stage IA TNBC, we observed excellent 5-year BCSS outcomes, supporting the good prognosis of this patient population. The use of adjuvant chemo increased over time for T1b and T1c TNBCs, and was associated with improved BCSS for T1c tumors, although evaluation of benefit is limited by the inherent treatment bias in registry data. [Table: see text]

Factors Influencing Infection Anxiety in Korean Male Firefighters Due to COVID-19 Infection Status.

This paper describes descriptive research to identify the effects of job stress, COVID-19 self-care behavior, and COVID-19 vaccination status according to the infection and non-infection of COVID-19 on anxiety about the COVID-19 infection among firefighters in South Korea. Data from 205 firefighters working at 10 fire stations were collected from 26 January to 16 February 2023. The variables used were job stress, COVID-19 self-care behavior, COVID-19 vaccination status, and COVID-19 infection anxiety. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression. In subjects who were infected with COVID-19, the factors that significantly affected infection anxiety were job stress (β = 0.247, p = 0.011) and self-care behavior (β = 0.343, p = 0.011). In subjects who were not infected with COVID-19, the factors that significantly affected infection anxiety were marriage status (unmarried) (β = -0.260, p = 0.005) and self-care behavior (β = 0.374, p = 0.001). These results demonstrate that the infection anxiety of firefighters should be prevented, and their physical and mental health should be promoted by considering job stress, self-care behavior, and personal environment.

Sociodemographic risk factors associated with patient follow-up after implementation of a CardioObstetrics program.

Given the association of adverse pregnancy outcomes with risk of developing cardiovascular disease and cardiac events later in life, our institution launched a CardioObstetrics (CardioOB) program aimed to provide long-term care for patients at risk. We performed a retrospective cohort study in order to investigate which patient characteristics were associated with CardioOB follow-up following the inception of the program. We identified several sociodemographic factors and pregnancy characteristics such as increased maternal age, non-English language preferred, married marital status, referral during the antepartum period, and discharged with antihypertensive medications after delivery associated with a higher likelihood of CardioOB follow-up.

Karakteristik dan Status Kesehatan Mental Ibu Postpartum

This study aims to identify the relationship between the characteristics of respondents and the mental health status of postpartum mothers in the working area of the Kotaraja Health Center. The research method used is correlational quantitative research with a cross-sectional approach. The results showed that one third of the total postpartum mothers (32.7%) experienced mental health problems, dominated by the group of early adulthood, low education, married status, poor economic status, multiparous, history of standard delivery, and having children of infant age. The most felt symptoms were somatic symptoms (66.5%) and anxiety (56.2%). The most common specific symptoms were frequent headaches (55%), fatigue (57.8%) and difficulty sleeping (41%). As many as 2.4% of respondents had thoughts of ending their life. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between educational level and economic status with mental health problems of postpartum mothers.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Anxiety, Depression, Characteristics, Mother's Mental Health, Postpartum

Efforts to Improve the Capacity of Midwife in the Village to Conduct the Community Empowerment Process Towards an Active Alert in Pidie Jaya

Community empowerment is very important to do with the aim that people become independent, in the sense that they have the potential to be able to solve the problems they face, and are able to meet their needs by not depending their lives on outside assistance, both government and non-government organizations. Midwives in the Village with individual characteristics are mostly aged less than 35 years, married status, Diploma-III education, with a working period of more than 6 years and most have become civil servants. The knowledge of village midwives about the development of Desa Siaga is 91.5% good, but the attitudes of village midwives towards the community empowerment process in developing Desa Siaga are more unsupportive, namely 57.3% and those who support 42.7%. Meanwhile, midwives in villages who have high work motivation as facilitators for Desa Siaga development are 58.5% and those who have low motivation are 41.5%. The level of activeness of the Village Midwife in social organizations, such as TP activities. PKK in the village, TP. PKK. Only 57.3% of midwives in the village can carry out the community empowerment process well, while 42.7% are still considered unfavorable. Of the 6 (six) stages of the empowerment process, only 70.7% help determine priorities. in sub-districts, and activities of religious organizations, is still very low at 3.7%.

Stunting incident prevention: a systematic literature review

Introduction. Stunting incident prevention is important to ensure the quality of the future generation. With excellent future generations, Indonesia can compete with other nations and survive future challenges. Unfortunately, some provinces in Indonesia still had high stunting incident prevalence. The aim of this study is to provide information about the influential contributors of stunting incidents qualitatively and quantitatively and to provide recommendations for stunting incident prevention. Materials and Methods. The researchers applied for a systematic literature review with a modified PRISMA procedure. The third criterion was that the articles had to be non-systematic literature review articles, published from 2017 until 2022. Results. This process eventually led to 20 relevant articles: 15 quantitative articles and 3 qualitative articles. From the reviewed quantitative and qualitative research articles, the researchers found twelve influential factors of stunting incidents. Among these twelve factors, the reviewing results found two top factors with OR values more than 12 times. They were family income, the number of children and the ages of the children. Conclusions. The researchers found that the most prominent factors of stunting incidents during the observations in qualitative research were parent education, early marriage, dietary system, economic and social status. Although statistically, the top influential factors were family income and the number of children, and ages of children, the minor contributors must be considered. On the other hand, the efforts to improve parent education require interventions from the government.

Investigating the Potential Determining Factors Contributing to Mental Health Problems in Pregnancy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the potential determining factors responsible for the mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched for the required articles in February, 2021. The quality of the studies was determined based on the STROBE checklist. Results: A total of 31 articles were included in this systematic review. Stopped in-person prenatal care and using the phone for prenatal care were significantly associated with greater changes of anxiety during COVID-19. Parity, gestational age, and pregnancy complication were found to be statistically and significantly associated with anxiety. Social and family supports were specifically associated with reduced anxiety. Women with low body mass index (BMI) were detected to be more prone to developing depression and anxiety. While obesity had protective effects on depression, stress and anxiety, lower sleep quality, lower household income, lower physical health, and less physical activity were found associated with higher anxiety levels. Other significant factors related to mental health included employment status, employment status, marriage status, household size, educational level, ethnicity, knowledge score, marital life satisfaction, and fear of the COVID-19 infection. Conclusions: Clinical, economic, and socio-demographic physical health were associated with mental health problem during COVID-19. Therefore, it was recommended that the potential determining factors should be further explored and identified in order to help protect people against mental health problems.

The Psychological Impact of the Changing Images of Female Characters in Disney Animated Films on Teenagers

The animation film is an art form that reflects human social life and meets the needs of spiritual life. As a forerunner of popular culture, Disney animated films record many social changes. This article discusses the presentation and impacts of female characters in Disney animated film on young people. The evolution of its classic animation themes and female princess images reflects the change in women's status and the development of the feminist movement. The continuous enrichment of the female image in the identity, appearance and personality of Disney animated films reflects its diversified development and the establishment and promotion of female status in personal growth, marriage and love. Social learning theory considers how both environmental and cognitive factors interact to influence human learning and behavior. Through the social learning process, young people accept the values expressed in Disney animated films.

Socioeconomic inequalities in employees' health-enhancing physical activity: Evidence from the SHAHWAR cohort study in Iran.

Increasing level of physical activity (PA) among working population is of particular importance, because of the high return of investment on employees' PA. This study was aimed to investigate socioeconomic inequalities in Health-Enhancing Physical Activity (HEPA) among employees of a Medical Sciences University in Iran. Data were extracted from the SHAHWAR Cohort study in Iran. Concentration index (C) and Wagstaff decomposition techniques were applied to determine socioeconomic inequality in the study outcomes and its contributors, respectively. Nearly half of the university employees (44.6%) had poor HEPA, and employees with high socioeconomic status (SES) suffered more from it (C = 0.109; 95% CI: 0.075, 0.143). Also, we found while poor work-related PA (C = 0.175; 95% CI: 0.142, 0.209) and poor transport-related PA (C = 0.081, 95% CI: 0.047, 0.115) were more concentrated among high-SES employees, low-SES employees more affected by the poor PA at leisure time (C = -0.180; 95% CI: -0.213, -0.146). Shift working, and having higher SES and subjective social status were the main factors that positively contributed to the measured inequality in employees' poor HEPA by 33%, 31.7%, and 29%, respectively, whereas, having a married life had a negative contribution of -39.1%. The measured inequality in poor leisure-time PA was mainly attributable to SES, having a married life, urban residency, and female gender by 58.1%, 32.5%, 28.5%, and -32.6%, respectively. SES, urban residency, shift working, and female gender, with the contributions of 42%, 33.5%, 21.6%, and -17.3%, respectively, were the main contributors of poor work-related PA inequality. Urban residency, having a married life, SES, and subjective social status mainly contributed to the inequality of poor transport-related PA by 82.9%, -58.7%, 36.3%, and 33.5%, respectively, followed by using a personal car (12.3%) and female gender (11.3%). To reduce the measured inequalities in employees' PA, workplace health promotion programs should aim to educate and support male, urban resident, high-SES, high-social-class, and non-shift work employees to increase their PA at workplace, and female, married, rural resident, and low-SES employees to increase their leisure-time PA. Active transportation can be promoted among female, married, urban resident, high-SES, and high-social-class employees and those use a personal car.

The Relationship between anosmia and ageusia with biochemical markers, severity, and duration of the disease in patients with COVID-19

Introduction: Due to the increasing prevalence of COVID-19 and its effects on the sense of taste and smell, we analyzed Blood electrolyte levels and biomarkers in COVID-19 patients who have a sign of anosmia and ageusia in Zanjan, Iran, and its relationship with biochemical blood indicators.&#x0D; Method: The retrospective study included all hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19. We registered laboratory parameters. A questionnaire that validity and reliability have already been confirmed was used to assess anosmia and ageusia. Statistical analysis was evaluated using a bivariate Bayesian logistic regression in the binomial distribution.&#x0D; Results: A total of 450 COVID-19 patients completed the study (221 females). The mean age of the patients was 56.36±17.34 years. 31.8% and 24.9% of patients reported anosmia and ageusia. There was no significant relationship between anosmia and ageusia with age, gender, place of hospitalization, marriage status, duration of hospitalization, and CT scan (p&lt;0.05). The Male's platelet was 18.72 lower than the female’s (p=0.002). Male's C-reactive protein was 4.96 units higher than female(p=0.002). In hospitalized persons for less than four days and people under 39 years of age, CRP levels were lower (P=0.001, P=0.019 respectively). The Levels of lactate dehydrogenase in patients with anosmia were 51.72 units less than in patients without anosmia (p=0.010).&#x0D; Conclusion: These results suggest that anosmia and ageusia are prevalent symptoms in Iranian COVID-19 patients. More information on serum biomarkers would help us to establish a greater degree of accuracy on this matter.

Chronic kidney disease awareness and its determinants in middle-aged and older Japanese adults: Observations from a 5-year follow-up of the Uonuma cohort study.

Despite global efforts in public health campaigns concerning chronic kidney disease (CKD), awareness of the condition remains low. We evaluated CKD awareness and related factors to identify an effective way to raise awareness. This study assessed laboratory-confirmed CKD and self-reported CKD using a population-based cohort (baseline from 2012 to 2014, age ≥40 years) in Niigata, Japan. Self-reported CKD was obtained at a 5-year follow-up survey and laboratory-confirmed CKD was diagnosed when an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or dipstick urinary protein ≥1+ was observed in at least two health check-ups during the 5-year period. CKD awareness was defined as a match between laboratory-confirmed and self-reported CKD. The association between characteristics and CKD awareness was tested by multivariable logistic regression analysis with adjustment for eGFR and other potential confounders. The analytic population comprised 7472 individuals (mean age, 65.6 years old, 51.2% women) and 19.4% with laboratory-confirmed CKD. The sensitivity and specificity of the survey question concerning self-reported CKD were 12.4% and 98.2%, respectively. Among the participants with laboratory-confirmed CKD, significant factors associated with CKD awareness were male sex (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 1.81 [1.27, 2.59]), a history of urinary tract stone (1.86 [1.06, 3.26]), age (0.97 [0.95, 0.99]), and married status (0.66 [0.44, 0.99]). Our findings suggest that known lifestyle-related diseases that could cause CKD are not associated with CKD awareness independently of kidney function and that a sex-dependent approach may help to raise CKD awareness in community-dwelling Japanese adults.

Modifiable determinants of central obesity among the rural black population in the DIMAMO HDSS, Limpopo, South Africa.

Central obesity is a leading risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases, in which body fat accumulates to a particular extent, and may negatively impact on health. The prevalence of abdominal obesity has increased over the last 10 years and currently surpasses that of overall obesity. There is a scarcity of data on the determinants of central obesity, especially among populations residing in rural Africa. The aim of the present study was thus to determine sociodemographic and lifestyle factors that are associated with central obesity. This was a cross-sectional, retrospective study. The present study used secondary data from the AWI-Gen phase 1 study. The study comprised 791 participants, of which 242 were men and 549 were women aged 40 years and above. The participants were selected by convenient sampling. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 27. A comparison of proportions was performed using the chi-square test, while a comparison of means was performed using an unpaired Student t-test. The association between sociodemographic and lifestyle factors with central obesity was analyzed using bivariate correlation, partial correlation, and binary regression analysis, and the statistical significance was set at a p-value of <0.05. The proportion of central obesity in the total population was 59.9%, and significantly more women were centrally obese (79.6 vs. 15.3%, p = <0.001) as compared to men. Married status correlated positively and significantly with central obesity in both bivariate and partial correlations. Moreover, binary logistic regression further confirmed the positive association between married status and central obesity. Single status correlated negatively and significantly with central obesity. The correlation remained unchanged even after controlling for age and gender. Binary logistic regression showed that unemployment correlated significantly with central obesity. The proportion of smokers was also significantly higher in participants without central obesity than in those with central obesity (87.2 vs. 34.0%, p = <0.001). Smoking correlated negatively and significantly with central obesity in bivariate and partial correlations. In addition, binary logistic regression further confirmed the negative association between smoking and central obesity. The present study shows that in this population, central obesity is determined by gender, unemployment, and marital status.

CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR MARRIED CHILDREN IN RELATION TO CRIMINATION

The goal of this study is to evaluate married children's criminal culpability in light of various rules to show that punishment can occur in accordance with the intended objective of punishment. According to Article 1 Paragraphs (1) and (2) of Law on the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Number 11 of 2012 of the Republic of Indonesia, the juvenile criminal justice system is based on the principles of: protection, justice, non-discrimination, the best interests of the child, respect for children, survival and development of children, proportionality, deprivation of liberty and punishment as a last resort, and avoidance of retaliation. In this approach, being married or single creates a problem. A kid is defined as any anyone who is younger than 18 (eighteen) years old and has not yet entered into a legally binding marriage, including unborn children if doing so is for the child's benefit, according to Law Number 39 of 1999 respecting This implies that a person who is married and under the age of 18 is no longer considered a child. Even in procedural practice, this often applies, where judges decide to prosecute minors with married status who are in conflict with the law not using juvenile justice, but adult justice and some who continue to use juvenile justice. Even in procedural practice, this often applies, where judges decide to prosecute minors with married status who are in conflict with the law not using juvenile justice, but adult justice and some who continue to use juvenile justice. Even in procedural practice, this often applies, where judges decide to prosecute minors with married status who are in conflict with the law not using juvenile justice, but adult justice and some who continue to use juvenile justice.&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Article visualizations:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/-counters-/soc/0008/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT AND STRATEGIC PLANNING IN PRIVATE BANKING SECTOR: ISSUES AND FACTORS

The main aim of the study is to identify and explore issues and factors concerning to performance management and strategic planning. Methodology: The existing study is primary and descriptive in nature. The sample size of the study is 155 employees working in private banks from Delhi/NCR. The responses from the employees obtained from structured questionnaire. The various statistical tools, namely, Reliability statistics, descriptive statistics, t test and ANOVA applied. Findings: The majority of respondents are male having age of 30-35 years, having married status, having post-graduation qualification and earning Rs.25000 and above. Irrelevant job descriptions found to be the most important issue in performance management and strategic planning. Utilize a 360 Degree review system found to be the most important factor in performance management and strategic planning. Social Implications: The existing study is beneficial to top level management personnel in identifying and exploring issues and factors related to performance management and strategic planning. Originality: The existing study is confined to Delhi/NCR region only and further research can be elaborated by expanding more regions to explore issues and factors pertaining to performance management and strategic planning.

The Association of Race and Ethnicity With Adverse Outcomes in Women Treated for Mild Chronic Hypertension During Pregnancy [ID: 1381420

INTRODUCTION: The effect of race and ethnicity on outcomes in the treatment of mild chronic hypertension (cHTN) in pregnancy is unknown. METHODS: This was a secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized trial of pregnant patients with mild cHTN comparing antihypertensive therapy to goal blood pressure less than 140/90 mm Hg (Active) versus usual care. Log-binomial regression assessed differences in outcomes between racial and ethnic groups among Active participants. Outcomes included a composite (preeclampsia with severe features, medically indicated preterm birth [PTB]&lt;35 weeks, abruption, fetal/neonatal death), components of the composite, intensive care unit admission, HTN with end-organ dysfunction, low birth weight (LBW), PTB less than 37 weeks, neonatal intensive care unit admission, and small for gestational age (SGA). RESULTS: Baseline maternal characteristics of patients randomized to active treatment in the parent trial differed by race and ethnicity for age, married status, insurance, nulliparous, body mass index, tobacco use, aspirin, and prior preeclampsia. Models demonstrated increased risk of the primary composite (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 1.35 [1.05, 1.73]) among Black compared to White patients. Preeclampsia was not increased among Black (aRR 1.14 [0.87, 1.50]) or Hispanic patients (aRR 1.13 [0.82, 1.56]). Preterm birth was increased among Black (aRR 1.31 [1.02, 1.68]) and Hispanic patients (aRR 1.33 [1.00, 1.77]), and there was increased risk of LBW infants born to Black patients (aRR 1.54 [1.11, 2.14]), but not Hispanic (aRR 1.04 [0.69, 1.57]) compared to White. There was no difference in SGA between groups. CONCLUSION: Among women with mild cHTN treated to goal less than 140/90 mm Hg, baseline characteristics differed significantly, and Black and Hispanic women were at increased risk compared to White women for selected outcomes. Interventions to address disparities should further evaluate social determinants of health in addition to medical management.

Analisis Putusan Hakim tentang Penolakan Permohonan Itsbat Nikah (Putusan No. 47/Pdt.P/2021/PA.Tas Hakim Pengadilan Agama Tais)

The problem in this research is that Article 2 paragraph 2 of Law no. 16 of 2019 concerning Amendments to Law no. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage states that every marriage must be recorded according to the applicable laws and regulations, so that if there is an underhand marriage, the marriage certificate must be submitted, but in the judge's decision No. 47/Pdt.P/2021/PA.Tas the judge of the Tais Religious Court rejected the submission of the marriage certificate. Identification of the problem in this study, namely what are the judges' considerations at the Tais Religious Court in rejecting the application for itsbat nikah? So what are the legal consequences for underhanded marital status and child status? The research method used is normative juridical, with a statutory approach and a case approach. The theory used in this study is the theory of legal certainty and the theory of justice. The data source is secondary data, with the technique of collecting data from the study of literature and analyzing the data used, namely descriptive qualitative. The conclusion of this study is the rejection of the marriage certificate by the judge on the grounds that there is no good faith from the applicant so that this causes the applicants to not get legal certainty regarding marital status and child status. The legal consequence of the rejection of the application for itsbat nikah makes the marital status of the applicants remain in the status of underhanded marriage and the status of the child becomes a child out of wedlock.