Political Competence Research Articles

РЕГІОНАЛЬНІ ВІДМІННОСТІ ПОЛІТИЧНОЇ ІДЕНТИФІКАЦІЇ СТУДЕНТСЬКОЇ МОЛОДІ

The article highlights the results of empirically studied regional differences in the political identification of students with an objective of identifying probable problems and resources for re-adaptation and consolidation of the youth community in the post-war period. Regional political identity was considered in four realms: as a process, as a result of identification, as a mechanism of interactions and as a factor of political activity. Indicators of the regional political identity of youth were determined: political autonomy/dependence; inclusiveness/exclusivity; nominality/reality; value-meaning basis of identification; political competence; political preferences. The data obtained form the psychosemantic study on regional specifics of students' political identification were analysed. The comparative analysis was carried out with Student's t-test. Data obtained from the sample as a whole were compared with regional arrays, after which the latter were compared among themselves. The widest differences were found between the all-Ukrainian array of data and the array of the central region. In particular, the youth form the central region were significantly less likely to identify themselves with their regional community and considered regional identity more important to them; they were more critical as for regional political elites; they were not ready most often to give up rights and freedoms for the sake of order and stability, as well as and the policy of expanding free zones in all spheres of life for the sake of established traditions and continuity. At the same time, the array of the western region differed from the data for the country as a whole in only one parameter: students from the western region more often believed that the values and motives for participation in politics of people from their region were significantly different than those in the rest of the regions. The parameters of young people's political identification differed the least in such pairs of regions: centre-south, east-north and south-west. The majority of reliable differences were found between the data from the central vs eastern and eastern vs western regions. Based on the analysis results, preliminary conclusions were made regarding the prospects of re-adaptation and post-war consolidation of youth from different regions.

Epistemocracy: a utopian project or the model of the state in knowledge societies?

The article analyzes the concept of epistemocracy as a variant of a utopian project of building a society in which political power is distributed on the basis of knowledge and political competence, and the problem of a “bad” (ignorant, poorly informed) voter, whose wrong choice during voting, according to the developers of the concept, can lead to negative consequences, is solved by his education. The idea is substantiated that, on the one hand, this concept meets the intentions of building knowledge societies as a global trend enshrined in UNESCO materials and documents, and, on the other hand, has a number of alarming moments, in particular, related to the introduction of restrictions on universal suffrage for “bad” voters.

The role of political competence of citizens in the process of institutionalization of interest groups

The role of political competence of citizens in the process of institutionalization of interest groups

Struktura syntaktyczno-chronologiczna artykułu 10 ustęp 2 Konstytucji a legitymizacja wyborcza władzy Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej

The subject of the foregoing considerations will be the adequacy of constitutional and political competences of the President to the investiture method of a given person assigned to act in this office. Political and legal view of this issue will comprise, in particular, reflection on the division of powers, the impact that citizens may have on the state, the analysis of relations between entitlements and elections, as well as the study of opinions in the referred scope. The aspects of the states of emergency have been omitted here. In the article uses formal-dogmatic, comparative, and historical method. The aim of limiting the President’s influence on politics is to maintain state balance. However, according to the syntactic and chronological construction of the Art. 10 sec. 2 of the Constitution, the institution of the President should be strengthened so that it would be a real organ of the „first place”.

Factors Affecting Political Competency of Advanced Practice Nurses

Factors Affecting Political Competency of Advanced Practice Nurses

Pancasila as a Political Ethic

Pancasila and Citizenship Education (PPKn) is strategic in the introduction and penetration of democratic principles, the spirit of nationalism, participation in the development of the country and character, schools through civic education in schools, and the wider community (community citizenship). Political education is part of the formation of concepts and conditions for building civil society, including the rights and responsibilities of citizenship that sustain the democratic life of a democratic state. The political competence of citizens must be accompanied by supporting ethics as the disposition or character of the development of previous competencies (knowledge and competence). The concept of ethics as a guideline and action in carrying out the democratic life of the Indonesian nation also contributes to this. Positioning in line with ethics and the concept of Pancasila as a view of life and philosophy in society, nation, and state.

Research on the Path of Improving the Curricular Ideological and Political Ability of Specialized Teachers in Aeronautics and Astronautics

The ideological and political construction of specialized curriculum is an important measure to build a large pattern of all-round education for all staff. As the concrete implementer of ideological and political construction of specialized curriculum, the specialized teachers are the "main force" to realize the ideological and political construction of specialized curriculum. In this paper, the importance of ideological and political ability of specialized teachers is firstly illustrated, and then the deficiencies of ideological and political ability of specialized teachers are analyzed and summarized. In combination with the problems of weak teaching consciousness, insufficient theoretical knowledge and low teaching level in ideological and political education of specialized teachers, the constitutive elements of ideological and political ability of specialized teachers are proposed. From the ability to grasp moral awareness and political direction, ability to explore ideological and political education elements, ability to apply theory and teaching design, ability to grasp details and timing of ideological and political education, etc. For specialized teachers of aeronautics and astronautics, based on the constituent elements, the path to improve their ideological and political competence of the specialized curriculum is elaborated, from four dimensions: the cultivation and transformation of moral education consciousness, the supply of ideological and political content and the innovation of teaching methods and means, the organization and management of classroom teaching process, and the intersection and integration with the team of ideological and political teachers. It provides the path reference for the improvement of teachers' ideological and political ability needed to comprehensively promote the ideological and political construction of specialized curriculum.

Promotion of healthy living environments in communities: a digital planning tool for local public health actors

Abstract In their function as overarching settings, communities have a controlling role and political competence for the development and implementation of healthy living environments in Europe. However, the establishment of health-promoting structures is often hampered by a lack of resources and know-how, and decisions in practice are mostly based on personal experiences or standard procedures, which are often not in line with scientific findings and evidence-informed decision making. In the area of physical activity and older people, a digital planning tool (“Impulsgeber Bewegungsförderung”) compromising tools for needs assessment, interventions and information on physical activity, process management, legal issues and funding is being built to support the implementation of practices by local public health actors. This presentation will introduce the digital planning tool and its process evaluation. A mixed-method approach was applied to answer the question of whether and how the application can succeed in community settings and which additional needs of local actors exist. Initial steps of the recruited socio-economically disadvantaged model regions were setting up local steering committees and needs assessment using the tool. The model regions confirmed the usefulness of the tool in their day-to-day work, but used it with varying frequency. Among others, the tool helps to raise awareness among key actors, to reflect on their own work, or to identify funding sources. Wider use of the digital tool may lead to more evidence-informed actions in health promotion and prevention. The evaluation of the digital planning tool in a small area of health promotion will provide initial insights into how to support the implementation of activity-promoting living environments on a local level.

An essay on the new frontiers for facilities management: conceptual insights

Purpose – Facilities Management - FM, has been the subject of international analysis and research, mainly over the last five decades, from the perspective of its contribution to the operational efficiencies of organizations. Considered a support area for operations, it is responsible for the physical infrastructure of the building and, consequently, the quality of the environment for their users. Note that in recent years the area has changed given the externalities that are discussed throughout the essay.Design/methodology/approach – The theoretical essay is based on a literature review of landmark studies that point out new externalities on the subject in the practical and theoretical field.Findings – New exogenous demands shape FM, making it an integrating and political agent for private and public physical infrastructure through the introduction of the concepts of ESG - Environmental, Social and Governance, urbanism, smart cities connected to building infrastructures, industry 4.0 and its applications, the development of ISO standards, the advancement from operational positions to strategic levels and the reconfiguration of workspaces resulting from the impact of a pandemic.Research, Practical & Social implications – The essay sheds light on the need for changes in the field of management, as well as the need for new and more in-depth studies in the academic field on the factors mentioned, which not only impact the individuals in a company, but also the community from a political perspective.Originality/value – Few studies in the field of Operations deal with FM. This essay brings interdisciplinary and contemporary aspects to both areas of knowledge.Keywords: Integrated Facility Management, Externalities, Political Entity, Political Competences.

Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde: Scholar of Law, Religion, and Democracy - Discussed: Religion, Law, and Democracy: Selected Writings. By Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde. Edited by Mirjam Künkler and Tine Stein. Translated by Thomas Dunlap. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020. Pp. 480. $65.00 (cloth); Oxford Scholarship Online by subscription (digital). ISBN: 9780198818632. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198818632.001.0001.

AbstractErnst-Wolfgang Böckenförde (1930–2019) was one of Germany’s foremost postwar legal scholars. He coined or popularized key terms and ideas that have left their mark on postwar German political debate to an extent matched by only few, from the chain of legitimation to the concept of the constitution as an ordering frame, the importance of the idea of subsidiarity in the European Union’s political competency, and his insistence that society must continuously work toward agreement on the things that cannot be voted on: the ultimate agreements in society that lie beyond the ballot box. Böckenförde was a lifelong commentator on Catholic affairs in Germany and involved in several important inner-Catholic reform initiatives. At the age of thirty-one, he became known to a wider German public with an article that presented a critical historical appraisal of the role of the Catholic Church under National Socialism. While still a postdoc, he co-authored a widely publicized critique of Jesuit Gustav Gundlach’s justification on theological grounds of a war of nuclear deterrence. In 1968, he was the first to publish a German edition of De Libertate Religiosa, the final declaration of the Second Vatican Council (Vatican II), and provided an authoritative commentary.

A design turn: on post-truth society and the use of design

In a world with deliberate distortion of the reality to create and shape public opinion and influence social attitudes, objective facts, and logical arguments are losing to emotions and personal beliefs. This post-truth world abides by the rules of volatility, fluctuation, and surplus value that in turn, condemn some aspects of the referentiality of language to the law of obsolescence. It is imperative to conduct how this process affects design, and uncover whether it plays a vital part since, to some extent, design involves the cultivation of emotions in the development of solutions. Literature shows that insincerity exists in the design and advertising industry and the fact that the world works in the way that we design it. Therefore, designers must uphold their social responsibility to create a better world. It is shown that emotions are critical drivers of the designs. Also, it is demonstrated that design is a public language that settles objectives, interests, instruments, and affections held individuals to create political competence and dialogue.

Finding the Epistocrats

AbstractConcerned about widespread incompetence among voters in democratic societies, epistocrats propose quasi-democratic electoral systems that amplify the voices of competent voters while silencing (or perhaps just subduing) the voices of those deemed incompetent. In order to amplify the voices of the competent we first need to know what counts as political competence, and then we need a way of identifying those who possess the relevant characteristics. After developing an account of what it means to be politically competent, I argue that there is no way for the epistocrat to identify such persons. Therefore, epistocracy cannot be implemented.

Driving SMEs’ Performance in South Africa: Investigating the Role of Performance Appraisal Practices and Managerial Competencies

Managerial competencies and performance appraisal practices are often ignored when considering the performance of Small-to-Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Yet, these competencies and practices are fundamental for the survival of the SMEs. SMEs are critical for economic growth and job creation in many economies. The current study sought to establish whether managerial competencies and performance appraisal practices correlate with SMEs’ performance in South Africa. Firm performance was measured using two variables: innovation and return on investment (ROI). The study adopted a structural equation modelling analytical approach. Interpersonal competencies were found to be a significant factor of managerial competencies, but conceptual and political competencies were not. The study also found that managerial competencies, and not performance appraisal practices, significantly correlated with both innovation and ROI. The study recommends that performance appraisal practices be tailored to suit SMEs in the developing countries context.

When trust is not enough. A longitudinal analysis of political trust and political competence during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Finland

AbstractIn this study, we explored the longitudinal relationship of political trust and subjective political competence during the COVID-19 outbreak. We also examined how levels of political trust and political competence were associated with compliance with COVID-19 recommendations. We used three-wave panel data including 2,205 observations (N = 735) to study changes within and between individuals from 2017 to 2020. The last round of the survey was conducted at the peak of the first wave of COVID-19. The measures included political trust, subjective political competence, political interest, multiple background variables, and measures for compliance with the social distancing recommendations. We found that Finns’ political trust increased significantly during the first wave of COVID-19. The between-individuals analysis suggested that political competence was negatively associated with trust. The results also indicated that citizens’ compliance with COVID-19 recommendations was directly linked to political trust but depended also on the interaction between competence and trust.

Public support for deliberative citizens' assemblies selected through sortition: Evidence from 15 countries

AbstractAs representative democracy is increasingly criticized, a new institution is becoming popular among academics and practitioners: deliberative citizens’ assemblies. To evaluate whether these assemblies can deliver their promise of re‐engaging the dissatisfied with representative politics, we explore who supports them and why. We build on a unique survey conducted with representative samples of 15 Western European countries and find, first, that the most supportive are those who are less educated and have a low sense of political competence and an anti‐elite sentiment. Thus, support does come from the dissatisfied. Second, we find that this support is for a part ‘outcome contingent’, in the sense that it changes with respondents’ expectations regarding the policy outcome from deliberative citizens’ assemblies. This second finding nuances the first one and suggests that while deliberative citizens’ assemblies convey some hope to re‐engage disengaged citizens, this is conditioned on the expectation of a favourable outcome.

Support for European Union membership comes in various guises: Evidence from a Correlational Class Analysis of novel Dutch survey data

While ample research has scrutinised the causes and consequences of support for the European Union, a pressing question remains: what do people actually mean when they express support for, or opposition to, their country’s membership of the institution? We use Correlational Class Analysis to assess this. Our analysis of high-quality representative Dutch survey data ( n = 2053), including novel items informed by in-depth qualitative research, reveals that European Union support comes in three guises: federalist, non-federalist and instrumental-pragmatist Strikingly, many Europhiles are not federalists. In addition, we reveal that the social bases of the three types of support especially differ regarding political competence, political orientation, and media consumption. The implications for ongoing debates on European Union atttidues are discussed.

FACTORS OF SUCCESS OR FAILURE OF AVIATION INDUSTRY: A MULTIPLE CASE STUDY OF AVIATION INDUSTRY AND CONCEPTULIZATION OF NEW THEORY OF SUCCESS

A study of six different airlines has been performed using a case study method, in which a full range of leadership development theories and themes, as well as organizational performance measurement themes to measure organizational performance have been used. Three failure airlines and three successful airlines were chosen for the study. The scope of the research is limited to the airline as a unit of analysis. In this unit of analysis, further leadership and organization are considered as two sub-units of analysis. In the leadership sub-unit, mainly leadership traits and determinants, leadership perspectives, leadership styles and types of leadership have been studied, whereas in the organization sub-unit of analysis, human resources, technology, structure, safety culture, strategy, environments, the role of government, unhealthy competition, political instability and its effects, have thoroughly been studied. The results indicate that leadership and organizational performance of Nepali aviation industries are two sides of a coin and without effective leadership, better organizational performance is not possible. Besides other factors like culture, environment, technology and financial constrain, most of the cases revealed that the role of government leadership while formulating the policies and aviation leadership that fails in coopetition with governmental bodies due to lack of political competency are the two main factors for aviation organizational success or failure in Nepal. Success factors, as per the research findings, are: merit-based employee selection process, no discrimination based on gender, consideration of all employees as owners, and ownership feeling within employees due to profit distribution, highly qualified and well-educated employees. Finally, a new theory of successful airline has developed at the end of this research based on multiple case studies.

Electoral accountability and political competence

Much research contends that candidate competence brings technical or political skill, such that selecting against such attributes seems irrational. However, if special interest coalitions are sufficiently strong, a majority may expect that political expertise will be used to select policies that generate rents for narrow constituencies at the expense of its own welfare. I develop a model in which a majority prefers to elect the less competent politician in order to undermine the incumbent’s ability to pursue the special interest agenda and derive the implications for accountability in this setting. The results demonstrate that the majority’s attempts to reassert control over policy through its retention decisions impede social welfare maximizing reform and distort aggregate welfare by either encouraging ([Formula: see text]) inefficient policy selection or ([Formula: see text]) inefficient candidate selection. Even if politicians choose policies that maximize social welfare doing so may only worsen aggregate welfare by providing voters with more information about candidate competence, which enables the majority to better select inept politicians.

Parent–Adolescent Political Disagreement and Adolescent Political Development amid Duterte’s Presidency: A Positioning Analysis

Despite its significant ramifications on promoting youth political competence, literature has paid little attention to parent–adolescent political disagreement and the relational dynamics underlying the phenomenon. Our study deploys positioning analysis to examine how Filipino adolescents navigate conflict-filled parent–adolescent political discussions, especially those in relation to President Rodrigo Duterte’s leadership. Interview accounts yield three storylines characterizing political disagreement episodes among participants and their parents: a control struggle storyline, a credibility contest storyline and a moral scramble storyline. Each storyline consists of adolescents and parents adopting competing positions to gain discursive advantages related to their developmental, rational or moral standing. They leverage these advantages towards influencing political opinions articulated within the family space. We conclude with a discussion of our findings vis-à-vis the need to reconceptualize political disagreement as a dynamic process, the interface between micro-level parent–adolescent political disagreement and macro-level sociopolitical discourses and the functions political disagreement serves in adolescent development.

3Ps model of entrepreneurial resourcefulness among micro-youth entrepreneurs

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the extent to which entrepreneurial resourcefulness and competencies theories and practice can be applied in small youth entrepreneurship in Ghana as well as develop an entrepreneurial resourcefulness model for youth entrepreneurs that incorporates their competencies.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative exploratory approach using semi-structured in-depth interviews amongst 32 youth entrepreneurs in Accra, Ghana was used.FindingsYouth entrepreneurial resourcefulness embraces some relevant concepts of traditional entrepreneurial resourcefulness and competencies. It also emerged that there were other competencies including discipline, understanding business numbers and being empathic which are competencies associated with youth entrepreneurial resourcefulness.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper was limited to a small sample of youth entrepreneurs in Ghana; thus, the generalisation of findings should be done with care.Originality/valueA “3Ps” model for entrepreneurial resourcefulness in youth micro-entrepreneurship is proposed, which encompasses the attributes of personal, people and political competencies. This paper is one of the few attempts to study and explain the type of competencies and resources embedded in youth entrepreneurial resourcefulness.