Political Characteristics Research Articles

Stumme Zeugen des Sprachgebrauchs: Friedhöfe und Volkszählungen als Indikatoren der Entwicklung des Slowenischen in Kärnten/Koroška

Summary The southern part of the Austrian state of Carinthia has a long history of language contact between Slovene and German. Since the beginning of the 19th century a decrease in bilingualism and the use of Slovene has been taking place which has accelerated in the last few decades. This contribution analyzes this transformation and in particular the influence of local and regional factors on the development of bilingualism in Carinthia. A multi-methodological approach is adopted, combining data from two different sources: (1) cemeteries and gravestones as public witnesses of language use and markers of (self-)identification, and (2) data on language use from the census and other (parish language, language in schools) for a quantitative analysis. Using this approach, data from two case studies is discussed in detail: two villages/parishes with similar initial conditions (high percentage of Slovene in 1880) but different outcomes. In one case, bilingualism is preserved (albeit on a low level); in the other, the bilingual reality of the past has been transformed into a monolingual German one. Such differences can be attributed to general political developments regarding the status of Slovene in Austria, but also to local factors such as the presence of a Slovene cultural association. Our analyses further show the political character of census data, which has little overlap with actual language usage, but depicts attitudes towards bilingualism and Slovene. Cemeteries, on the other hand, bear witness to the Slovene past long after “active” bilingualism has disappeared.

Optimalisasi Kekuatan Otak Kanan untuk Belajar Berbahasa Jawa Ragam Krama di Kelas 2A SDIT AR-Raihan

The background that drives this research is the lack of application of manners in the language of manners that form a polite character. This is due to the use of Indonesian which is more massively used in daily communication than the use of Javanese. This research aims to be able to form a polite character in polite language by optimizing the power of the right brain. This research using a qualitative descriptive method makes the students of grade 2A SDIT Ar-Raihan as the research subjects. The research approach used is qualitative. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis technique using triangulation. The results of this study indicate that optimizing the power of the right brain to learn Javanese manners can create interesting and fun learning. The process of optimizing the right brain in learning manners is through contextual learning, creating creative learning, and using electronic media. These activities are expected to help students learn Javanese manners with fun and easy to remember and can improve students' memory of the vocabulary of various manners.

Children and politics: Age and gender differences in political knowledge and attitudes

Previous research into children's political knowledge and attitudes has been scarce. To address this gap, a total of 150 British children in Year 2 (58% male, 43% female, Mage = 6.6 years, n = 50), Year 4 (46% male, 54% female, Mage = 8.4 years, n = 50) and Year 6 (56% male, 44% female, Mage = 10.4 years, n = 50) reported their factual knowledge and attitudes towards different political characters, their motivation and aspiration to become prime minister, and what gender stereotypical characteristics a prime minister should have. Results showed children in Year 6 to have more political knowledge and more negative attitudes than those in Year 4 and Year 2. Overall, children indicated a prime minister should have more stereotypical female characteristics. In addition, there were no significant gender differences. Practical implications of the findings are discussed in line with previous research on political socialisation.

The Extraordinary Assessment of SCJ Judges and the Establishment of the Commission for Evaluating the Integrity of Candidates for the Position of Member in the Self- administration Bodies of Judges and Prosecutors or the Risk of Enslaving the Judiciary

In a continuous attempt to reform the judiciary in the Republic of Moldova, the Parliament and the Government have amended and adopted several normative acts that allow the evaluation of judges and prosecutors by a Commission formed by 6 members, three of them citizens of the Republic of Moldova elected by the Parliamentary majority, and the other three, foreign citizens proposed by the development partners of the Republic of Moldova. The draft Law on the Supreme Court of Justice provides in art. 13 the fact that all judges of the Supreme Court of Justice will be evaluated extraordinarily depending on the date of entry into force of this law, including those suspended. The extraordinary assessment is provided for, more recently, in the Law on the Prosecutor’s Office. These legislative changes, in addition to giving the politician direct and unconstitutional control over the judicial power, represent a surrender of sovereignty in favour of foreign states or supranational international bodies. To understand in depth the risk of implementing this system of extraordinary evaluation of judges and prosecutors, we will successively analyze the notions of sovereignty, judicial power and the principle of its independence, but also the necessity or constitutionality of implementing the extraordinary evaluation system of magistrates. Basically, we believe that an evaluation of judges and prosecutors would be opportune, but the members of such a Commission cannot be foreign citizens or persons appointed by a political body, precisely to exclude political interference in the judiciary. The political character of these normative acts but also the tendency of the executive to control the judicial power has already been sanctioned by the Constitutional Court by declaring some phrases from Law no. 26/2022 as unconstitutional.

The adoption of green public procurement practices: Analytical challenges and empirical illustration on Swedish municipalities

The objective of this paper is to investigate the determinants of the adoption of green public procurement (GPP) practices at the local authority level. A conceptual contribution of the paper is an analytical framework, which acknowledges that the adoption of green criteria in tenders should be modelled as a conditionally independent decision from the decision to rely on GPP strategies (guidelines). This approach can help provide novel insights into how various political, organizational, and individual characteristics influence GPP. The paper provides an empirical illustration by concentrating on the role of organizational size. This analysis is based on survey responses from civil servants representing 140 Swedish municipalities. The results are based on the bivariate ordered probit estimator and suggest that large municipalities are more likely to rely on GPP strategies but also less prone to adopt green criteria in tenders when controlling for the presence of such strategies. In large organizations, the centralization of the procurement implies efficiency gains, but it will often be accompanied with longer organizational distances between the procuring and the environmental departments. The paper also highlights the wider implications of the proposed framework, including how future research on GPP practices could approach the role of various political and individual factors.

Remembering Gorbachev.

Since the middle of last century the so-called "rational actor" models in international and domestic affairs (von Rochau, 1853) supported the assumption that a political leader's decision-making is logical and unaffected by psychological factors. In 1993 eight psychoanalytically oriented psychiatrists formed a team to study political leaders' personality characteristics and the psychodynamics of their decision-making processes. They met twice a year for five years and studied political leaders with obsessional, paranoid, schizoid, narcissistic and depressive personality organizations (Volkan, Akhtar, Dorn, Kafka, Kernberg, Olsson, Rogers, & Shanfield, 1998). Today academicians dealing with political issues are more aware that the personality of a political leader plays a crucial role in his or her attempts to maintain a stable relationship with his or her "followers" as well as in dealing with domestic and international issues. On February 2022, Russia launched an invasion of Ukraine. Vladimir Putin's psychological issues in starting this invasion already have been examined through psychoanalytic angles (Ihanus, 2022; Volkan & Javakhishvili, 2022). On August 30, 2022, Mikhail Gorbachev died. A political leader with Gorbachev's personality would not start a new war, a new horrifying event with brutality against civilians, children and innocent.

The Strategic Importance of Tashkent in 19th Century

Annexed to the Khokand Khanate in the first half of the 19th century, the city of Tashkent was the most important trade centre next to the capital city. It is also a city which is a State within a State and considered to be the most important economic pillar of the whole region. Having a history of 2200 years, the oldest name of the city is “Chach” and “Shash” and, besides, it is also mentioned as “land of Tashkent”, “province of Tashkent”, “Shahar”, “province of Tashkent Steppe of Kypchak” in historic works. An important centre in the Khokand Khanate, Tashkent’s boundaries included Akhangaran, Chinaz, environs of Tashkent, the city and environs of Turkestan situated on the banks of the river Syr Darya, which city is within the territories of Kazakhstan at present. In the second half of the 19th century, the city of Tashkent was again a key point in the Turkestan region, which became a gallant scene for the occupation movements. Once the city of Tashkent had been captured by the Tsarist Russia in 1865, the occupation process gained momentum in the region and the city turned into the centre of the Viceroyalty of Turkestan, which was established in 1867. What we will discuss will be the history and strategic importance as well as political, economic and sociocultural characteristics of the city of Tashkent.

Country-level determinants of gender differences in major depression and alcohol use disorder

Abstract Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) are leading causes of disease burden in Europe, with MDD disproportionately affecting women and AUD being more prevalent among men. However, it is unclear how country-level political and socio-cultural characteristics contribute to gender differences in these conditions. Methods Data for 30,416 participants from 16 countries were obtained from the 2014 European Social Survey. Depressive symptoms were ascertained using the 8-item CES-D scale, and alcohol use was assessed with items on past-year alcohol use frequency and quantity, as well as frequency of heavy episodic drinking. Country-level data for attitudes to gender equality, needs-adjusted public social expenditure, and other covariates came from the 2012 International Social Survey Programme and the OECD. Modified Poisson and linear regression with log link examined additive and multiplicative interactions of country-level characteristics with gender for MDD, AUD, and their specific symptoms/dimensions. Results Public social expenditure was not associated with gender differences in MDD (CES-D>10), but with greater differences in the prevalence of the loneliness and sadness symptoms; support for gender equality was associated with smaller differences in loneliness (p < 0.05). For AUD, there was evidence of increased alcohol use frequency and quantity among women, and decreased frequency and quantity among men associated with support for gender equality, resulting in lower gender differences in predicted probabilities (from 23% to 5% across exposure levels; p < 0.001). Heavy episodic drinking was strongly positively associated with support for gender equality among women (p < 0.001), but not among men. Conclusions Country-level characteristics appear to exert differential impact on the prevalence of AUD and certain psychological symptoms of MDD among men and women in Europe. Pending replication, future research should examine underlying mechanisms. Key messages

Characters of Early Childhood Manners in The Storybook Permisi

This research examines the story of Excuse me book from the aspect of polite character for early childhood. Storybooks are one of the interesting media to instill in early childhood. The purpose of this study was to analyze the character of manners in early childhood in the story book entitled "Permisi". This type of research is descriptive qualitative with a textual analysis approach or library research in the form of literature review. The data source is the “Permisi” Storybook by Yoli Hemdi. Data collection using documentation. Data analysis was carried out using several methods, namely data reduction, data classification, and verification of data information. The results of the study found and identified that the character of politeness was using reading and note-taking analysis techniques

Analisis Perbedaan Penerapan Sekolah Ramah Anak dan Kompetensi Sosial Ditinjau dari Karakater Anak SD Negeri Kota Pekanbaru

This study aims to analyze the differences in child-friendly school programs in terms of character and social competence in Pekanbaru City Elementary School. This study uses quantitative analysis with comparative hypotheses to test the differences. The sample in this study was 352 children who were selected by proportional random sampling technique in each sub-district in Pekanbaru. The instrument in this study used a child-friendly school questionnaire, children's social competence and children's character. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and hypothesis testing using MANOVA. The results of data analysis show that 1) there are differences in child-friendly school programs in terms of the child's character. Children with polite character have a very good perception of the implementation of the SRA program. 2) There are differences in children's social competence in terms of children's character. Children with polite character have very good social competence, while confident and disciplined characters have poor social competence results

Is It Right to Fight? Evidence from Russia and Ukraine

Abstract We study the acceptability of war under certain conditions across individuals from Russia and Ukraine on the basis of World Values Survey in 2011. The period of analysis is before the beginning of military confrontations between the two countries (which started with the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation in 2014). We discuss which socio-economic, political and individual characteristics shape the justification of war under certain conditions. Overall, the acceptance of war is relatively low in both countries. Using logistic regressions, we found that there are characteristics that significantly reduce the justification of war in both countries, such as gender and level of happiness. Support in both countries is also significantly larger among respondents who are interested in politics and are married. Additionally, there are conditions which produce different results between the countries, such as religiosity, country aims, employment, confidence in the government, concern over possible war and political orientation.

Internal audit function, political characteristics, and compliance with government accrual-based accounting standards in Indonesian local government

Internal audit function, political characteristics, and compliance with government accrual-based accounting standards in Indonesian local government

Perceptions on mine water and mine flooding – An example from abandoned West German hard coal mining regions

For the first time, this paper describes the climate of opinion of mine water and mine flooding in three German hard coal post-mining regions, Ibbenbüren, the Ruhr area and the Saarland. Each region has unique geographical, political and mining-historical characteristics, and the underground mines were closed in 2018 (Ibbenbüren and Ruhr area) and 2012 respectively. People’s prevailing opinion and emotions regarding mine water, mine water treatment, mine flooding as well as the level of acceptance of the remediation measures and the mining company was investigated. The study is based on a representative telephone and online survey with 1527 participants for the respective regions.Results show that the local public opinion towards mine flooding and mining issues are not substantially different, but generally more positive in the Ibbenbüren area compared to the Ruhr area and the Saarland. In general, interest in mining related issues as well as environmental or renewable energy issues is low, but those interested in one of the subjects are also interested in the others. Participants indicated that they wanted more information about mine flooding. Of the actors dealing with mine water, the mining company is thought to be best situated to solve potential problems, whilst politicians were least expected to solve them.People see the term mine flooding slightly more positive than the term mine water rebound, but based on the Student’s t-test, there are no statistically significant differences. Compared with other surveys worldwide, the results are similar, indicating that experience with the mining company influence the emotions towards remediation measures and the risks people attribute to them. However, people want transparent and understandable information, feel positive towards mine water treatment and oppose mine flooding in general.

POLITICAL IDEOLOGY: SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL CONCEPTUALIZATION

Problem setting. Political ideology is a complex, ambiguous social phenomenon that is constantly in the focus of attention of scholars and is considered in various scientific discourses. The problematic situation is related to contradictions in the definition of the concept and place of political ideology in the socio-political space. In this regard, it is advisable to analyze the historical evolution of the concept of political ideology and explore the forms in which it is integrated in modern conditions.
 Recent research and publications analysis. The study of the problems of political ideology belongs to the sphere of scientific interests of both Ukrainian and foreign scholars. Among modern domestic researchers who deal with theoretical and methodological issues of political ideology should be noted such scientists as V. Andrushchenko, L. Gubernsky, N. Degtyareva, V. Denisenko, D. Dontsov, V. Zablotsky, F. Kirilyuk, V. Korablyova , V. Lisovy, I. Myhul, M. Mykhalchenko, O. Postol, A. Sukharina and others. Foreign scholars T. Adorno, T. Boyd, J. Habermas, M. Gorkheimer, D. Jost, P. Kisak, S. Krauthammer, K. Mannheim, D. Martin, N. Pulantsas, K. Federico, M. Frieden, M. Foucault, K. Harrison and others. Despite the fact that the scientific literature has widely reflected the understanding of various problems of political ideology, there are still a number of debatable issues that need to be constantly considered.
 Paper objective. The aim of the article is to study the essence of the concept of political ideology in modern socio-philosophical discourse; consideration of methodological approaches to the analysis of this phenomenon; identification of structural levels and components of political ideology, study of the features of its functional system.
 Paper main body. In the modern scientific literature, the concept of "political ideology" has many interpretations. This significantly complicates his research. To reveal the essence of this social phenomenon, we must first turn to the analysis of the concept of "ideology". Ideology is one of the forms of social consciousness. It is a theoretically generalized system of views and beliefs about society, in which theoretical and empirical knowledge is intertwined with beliefs and values. Ideology, in fact, is an intellectual expression of the activities of different classes and social groups that have their own conceptual and moral value systems. The basis of the ideological system of society is political ideology. Any ideology has a political character, but the concept of "political ideology" is used in a specific sense, namely - to characterize the rational-value motivation of political behavior and ideological basis of politics. Political ideology is a system of conceptually designed ideas, ideas and views on political life, which reflects the interests, worldview, ideals, moods of people, classes, nations, society, political parties. To analyze ideology as a factor in the political process, it is important to understand its structure and functions. After all, the structural elements of ideology have varying degrees of influence on the political process. According to Ukrainian scholars (M. Mikhalchenko, M. Ostapenko, О. Voronyansky, Т. Kulishenko and others) political ideology includes the following structural components: political ideas; political hypotheses, concepts, theories, doctrines; political ideals, values, slogans; political myths and political utopias; political programs. The functional system of political ideology includes a wide range of functions, including the following: orientation, mobilization, integration, depreciation, the function of expressing and protecting the interests of a particular social group.
 Conclusions of the research. Political ideology, which is a set of mostly systematized ideas, views, ideas of certain social groups, society as a whole, contains theoretical (conceptual) understanding of political life and protects their interests and goals through political power or influence on it. Its role in society is determined by the influence it exerts on the state of public consciousness through the implementation of its specific functions.

Scenes from the history of the art school

ABSTRACT The following essay proceeds through twenty-one visual and textual ‘scenes’ from the complex history of the art school, as a contribution to debates about its political character. The title is taken from Jacques Rancière’s (2013) Aisthesis. This is Rancière’s most sustained exposition of the ‘aesthetic regime of art’. His strategy in this book is to juxtapose ‘the event’ of an artwork against ‘the interpretive network which gives it meaning’ (2013, ix). He is specifically interested in the transition between different ‘regimes of art’. The scenes in this article map the transition from what Rancière calls the ‘representative regime’ to the ‘aesthetic regime’ on to the historical, pedagogical, ideological, and political evolution of the modern art school. These scenes roughly cover the period from the formation of the Royal Academy in 1768 to the art school protests in 1968. They also include references to the nineteenth-century UK Schools of Design, Socialist Realism, Greenbergian Modernism, Althusserian ideology critique, and the Bauhaus. This essay is a sketch leading toward a longer, non-linear, counter-history of the art school.

The Case for Ecosocialism in the Face of the Worsening Climate Crisis

A fierce intellectual battle continues over the ideological character of green politics. The overall conflict that emerged in past decades between environmental justice advocates on the one hand, and on the other, a coalition of states, corporations and their academic, NGO and media allies will now revive in earnest, given the Biden Administration's January 2021 pledge to take climate change seriously. After the Trump regime's climate denialism, a longstanding challenge to environmental justice now returns in the form of supposedly-pragmatic “ecological modernization” strategies, i.e., regulatory, technicist, market-based, or some combination. These characterized the pre-Trump era but had no discernable impact on emissions. In contrast, David Harvey has long advocated “radicalization of the theses of ecological modernization.” The temptation to avoid in this process is deradicalization through cooptation. But even as technical questions reemerge, the radicalization Harvey calls for becomes ever more relevant.

Exploring Participatory Placemaking in Malaysia Using Embedded Ethnographies with Practitioners Approach

The transition to a place-based approach in urban regeneration has heightened the significance of increasing inclusion and capability for participatory governance, collaborative planning, and implementation of projects. Within place branding and global city competitions, smaller placemaking efforts have become an increasingly popular approach in urban regeneration, especially in the historic urban centres worldwide, including George Town, Ipoh and Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia. However, placemaking is a complex and ambiguous concept that may operate within the formal planning structure, or grow organically from the grassroots or appear in protests to a particular development due to emotional connection to particular places. Internal factors such as social-cultural, economic, political, and governance characteristics inside places were claimed to affect the ambiguity of placemaking, as were external variables such as global connections and market trends. This paper discusses the ethnography of case studies methodology adopted to understand the interaction between government-market-civil society nexus that shaped distinctive models of placemaking within the urban regeneration agenda in the historic cities mentioned above. Overt participant observation and semi-structured interviews were used in this research to gather real-life data on participatory placemaking from a constructivist and interpretivism epistemological stance. This paper provides a detailed description of the steps and processes of ethnographic research in the built environment, which may encourage other researchers who believe that ‘urban centres are constructed by the multiple realities of their context, which requires an emphatic understanding of human action’ to adopt a similar methodology.

INTRODUCTION OF FIRST VOLUME FIRST PART OF THE MATLA-I SA’DEYN AND MECMA-I BAHRAIN NAMED WORK, AUTHOR; KEMÂLEDDÎN ABDÜRREZZÂK SEMERKANDÎ, DIRECTORATE OF NATIONAL EDUCATION, RESEARCH AND RESEARCH INSTITUTION

Bilindiği üzere Orta Çağ tarihi ile ilgili çalışmalar yapmak kaynakların yetersiz olması ve mevcut kaynakların özellikle Farsça ve Arapça gibi farklı dillerde olması nedeniyle oldukça meşakkatlidir. Bu bakımdan elde bulunan mevcut kaynaklar ile ilgili yapılan her bir çalışmaların kıymeti büyüktür. İncelemeye konu olan Matla-ı Sa’deyn ve Mecma-ı Bahreyn adlı eserler de Farsça olarak yazılmış ve günümüze ulaşmış eserler arasında yer almaktadırlar. Mevcut eser özellikle Hindistan’ın o zamanki durumu ve oradaki Türklerin tarihî bakımından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Ayrıca dönemin siyasi yapısı ve devletler arası ilişkilerin anlaşılması açısından eser kıymetli bir konumdadır. Dönemin güçlü hükümdarlarının, etkin siyasi karakterleri hakkında eserde detaylı bilgilerin oldukça geniş yer alması bu alanda çalışma yapacak tarihçilere eşi bulunmaz bir bilgi kaynağı sunacak niteliktedir. Eserde dönemin güçlü devlet adamları ve meliklerin hâkimiyet mücadeleleri de eserde ele alınan konular arasındadır. Nitekim geniş bir yelpaze ile ele alınan konuların Türkçe olarak başlıklar hâlinde araştırmacılara sunulması önemli bir husustur. Bu bakımdan eseri tanıtmak ve içeriğine Türkçe ulaşılmasını sağlamak için çeviri yaparak incelenmesini kolaylaştırma gayretinde bulunulmuştur. Eser toplam iki cilt ve dört kısımdan oluşmaktadır. Çalışmayı içeren bölüm birinci cildin birinci kısmıdır. Giriş kısmında eser ve yazarın tanıtımı, ana bölümde eserin tanıtımı yer almaktadır. Sonuç bölümünde eser ile ilgili ulaşılan genel kanılar hakkında yapılan değerlendirme mevcuttur.

Misperceptions about out-partisans’ democratic values may erode democracy

Two studies (one preregistered) of Americans (N = 2200) drawn from a nationally representative panel show that both Democrats and Republicans personally value core democratic characteristics, such as free and fair elections, but severely underestimate opposing party members’ support for those same characteristics. Democrats estimate that the average Democrat values democratic characteristics 56% (in Study 1) and 77% (in Study 2) more than the average Republican. In a mirror image, Republicans estimate that the average Republican values democratic characteristics 82% (in Study 1) and 88% (in Study 2) more than the average Democrat. In turn, the tendency to believe that political ingroup members value democratic characteristics more than political outgroup members is associated with support for anti-democratic practices, especially among Republicans. Results suggest biased and inaccurate intergroup perceptions may contribute to democratic erosion in the United States.

Problematyka żydowska na łamach „Słowa Pomorskiego” w latach 1938–1939

Jewish Issues in the Daily Newspaper Słowo Pomorskie in the Years 1938–1939 The article deals with Jewish issues appearing in the daily newspaper Słowo Pomorskie in the years 1938–1939. The newspaper was published in Toruń in the years 1920–1939 and covered the Pomerania Province (Pomorskie Province) at that time. In the article, the political character of Słowo Pomorskie and its importance for local structures of the National Party (Stronnictwo Narodowe) are discussed. The newspaper usually presented a negative image of the Jewish population, which was connected with the antisemitic attitude of the nationalist groups. The author also describes the role of the Catholic clergy in propagating the anti-Jewish attitudes. The antisemitic contents is divided into thematic categories—foreign and domestic issues are separated. The analysis of the newspaper texts shows, among other things, the affinity of the antisemitic views of the National Party with other movements of this kind in Europe. In the Polish context, the hatred toward Jews did not diminish on the eve of the outbreak of World War II, but rather became radicalized.