Political Domain Research Articles

Combating Misinformation: Leveraging Deep Learning for Hoax Detection in Indonesian Political Social Media

The rampant spread of hoax news in social media, especially in the political domain, poses a significant challenge that requires immediate attention. To address this issue, automatic hoax news detection using machine learning-based artificial intelligence has emerged as a promising approach. With the approaching presidential election in Indonesia in 2024, the need for effective detection methods becomes even more pressing.This research focuses on proposing an efficient deep learning model for detecting political hoax news on Indonesian social media. Word2vec feature representation and three deep learning models – LSTM, CNN, and Hybrid CNN-LSTM – are evaluated to determine the most effective approach. Experimental results reveal that the CNN-LSTM hybrid model outperforms the others, achieving an accuracy of 96% in detecting hoax news on Indonesian social media in the political domain. By leveraging state-of-the-art deep learning techniques, particularly the CNN-LSTM hybrid model, this study contributes to the advancement of hoax news detection in Indonesia's political landscape. The findings underscore the importance of utilizing sophisticated machine learning methods to combat the spread of misinformation, particularly during crucial political events such as elections.

Attachment and Political Personality are Heritable and Distinct Systems, and Both Share Genetics with Interpersonal Trust and Altruism

The attachment and caregiving domains maintain proximity and care-giving behavior between parents and offspring, in a way that has been argued to shape people’s mental models of how relationships work, resulting in secure, anxious or avoidant interpersonal styles in adulthood. Several theorists have suggested that the attachment system is closely connected to orientations and behaviors in social and political domains, which should be grounded in the same set of familial experiences as are the different attachment styles. We use a sample of Norwegian twins (N = 1987) to assess the genetic and environmental relationship between attachment, trust, altruism, right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), and social dominance orientation (SDO). Results indicate no shared environmental overlap between attachment and ideology, nor even between the attachment styles or between the ideological traits, challenging conventional wisdom in developmental, social, and political psychology. Rather, evidence supports two functionally distinct systems, one for navigating intimate relationships (attachment) and one for navigating social hierarchies (RWA/SDO), with genetic overlap between traits within each system, and two distinct genetic linkages to trust and altruism. This is counter-posed to theoretical perspectives that link attachment, ideology, and interpersonal orientations through early relational experiences.

Mapping societal resilience across eight European nations in the context of multifaceted associations with global indices: An ecological study

Facing global challenges like economic crises, political unrest, and public health issues, societies must be resilient. Societal Resilience is the collective capacity to endure and bounce back from such adversities. This study delves into its complexity and its ties to economic, social, healthcare, and political domains, offering insights for decision-makers and academics. A Societal Resilience questionnaire was distributed across eight nations (Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Ukraine) in late 2022 and early 2023, with the results compared to international data. Statistical methods revealed significant links between Societal Resilience and four global indicators: urban population and immigrant stock share (both positively correlated), and population growth (negative), as well as perceiving climate change as a major threat (negative). Excluding Ukraine, twelve significant connections emerged, including gender equality and corruption perception. The research underscores the importance of multifaceted, informed approaches to bolster Societal Resilience, providing a policy and practice framework to navigate a complex global landscape. Further studies should expand the country sample to examine more relationships, like those between financial factors and Societal Resilience.

From finance to legacy: Exploring Bank of China’s modern buildings as serial cultural heritage

In the early 20th century, China underwent profound societal transformations across cultural, political, economic, and military domains, culminating in the birth of its first national bank, the Bank of China. Enduring for over a century, the Bank of China stands as a testament to the emergence and evolution of a modern nation-state. The edifices housing this paramount institution, as well as their geographical locations and architectural designs, serve as prime examples for studying modern Chinese architecture and social history. This article, rooted in field surveys, traces the development history and current conservation status of the 26 existing Bank of China buildings. It analyzes their locations, construction backgrounds, architectural features, and functional uses. Through an assessment of the historical, artistic, scientific, and socio-cultural values of these bank buildings, this study employs the perspective of “serial cultural heritage” to propose a value-based thematic interpretation aimed at revitalization. In particular, it accentuates that analyses and interpretation of values are fundamental prerequisites for rebuilding and displaying the cultural identity of these buildings.

Politicians' high-status signals make less-educated citizens more supportive of aggression against government: A video-vignette survey experiment.

Various branches of the literature suggest that exposure to the high-status appearances and lifestyles of politicians in contemporary "diploma democracies" affects the attitudes and behavior of less-educated citizens because it confronts them with their lower status in the political domain. Informed by this, we theorize that such exposure inspires docility (a lower subjective social status, weaker feelings of political entitlement) and revolt (anger, more support for aggression against government). To investigate this, we conducted an original, pre-registered, video-vignette survey experiment among a representative sample of the Dutch population. While our findings likely generalize to other liberal democracies, the Dutch context is suitable to test our theorizing because low-status and high-status appearances and lifestyles are found across the political arena, irrespective of politicians' substantive positions or use of populist rhetoric. Each less-educated respondent (n=1390) was presented with a professionally produced video of an actor playing the part of a fictitious politician. This politician signaled either a low or a high status via his appearance and lifestyle. The potentially confounding factors of his substantive positions and populist rhetoric were randomized and controlled for. We find that exposure to the high-status politician increased less-educated citizens' support for aggression against the government. Through exploratory analyses, we assess how the responses of docility and revolt are interrelated, and how they are shaped by less-educated citizens' economic status.

Human or Not?: An Experiment With Chatbot Manipulations to Test Machine Heuristics and Political Self-Concepts

Chatbots have a growing role to play in political discourse, including in political campaigns, voter mobilization ventures, and dissemination of political news, though chatbots in the political domain are relatively understudied. While testing the machine heuristics and political self-concepts frameworks, we carried out a 2 × 2 experiment where both perceived conversational partner (i.e., bot, human) and topic (i.e., political, casual) were manipulated ( N = 126). During the experiment, participants exchanged chat messages with trained research confederates for 30 min. In support of the machine heuristics and political self-concepts frameworks, participants assigned to human partners reported more positive relationships and higher political interest. Through moderation analysis, liking the partner was found to differ between the perceived partner conditions, with perceived political knowledge varying more in the human conditions. Thus, the experimental findings add nuance to interpersonal (i.e., impression management and social identity theory) and human-computer interaction theories (i.e., machine heuristics and Computers Are Social Actors), and have broader implications for online political interactions and for decisionmakers of online political discourse spaces.

Contexts and pragmatic strategies of COVID-19 related cartoons in Nigeria

Abstract The global outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic has been experienced differently by people depending on their socio-cultural contexts. These varied experiences are expressed in various forms of communication, including cartoons. This paper examines the pragmatic resources inherent in COVID-19-related cartoons depicting the impact of the virus on Nigerian society. Forty COVID-19-related cartoons, circulated on social media, were collected on Twitter and WhatsApp platforms between March and April 2020 as data. Multimodality and presupposition served as theoretical framework and descriptive research design was adopted. Findings reveal five socio-contextual domains, religion, health, economy, politics and governance nd family, characterizing the social experiences of Nigerians during the pandemic. Through the evocation of situational reality, pragmatic sarcasm, punning, and orientation to government insensitivity, the cartoonists evoke pragmatic functions of informing and warning about social behaviours in the religion, family and health domains; recreating situational realities on socioeconomic impacts in the domain of economy; and satirizing government policies and mocking politicians’ insincerity in the domain of politics and governance on sociopolitical experiences of Nigerians before and during the pandemic. The study concludes cartoons are a strong means of portraying societal realities and people’s experiences comically and graphically.

Beyond direct stakeholders: The extensive scope of Societal Corporate Digital Responsibility (CDR)

This paper delves into the concept of Societal Corporate Digital Responsibility (CDR), expanding the traditional focus of CDR from direct stakeholders to a broader societal perspective. Societal CDR is defined is defined as the responsibility of companies to develop their digital business strategies considering the impacts on societal stakeholders and institutions. This novel approach emphasizes the indirect, yet significant effects of digital technologies on various societal domains such as economic, social, and political spheres. It underscores the importance of addressing passive stakeholder groups and societal institutions that do not have a direct relationship with businesses but are nevertheless impacted by digitalization. The paper discusses challenges in managing Societal CDR, such as measuring societal impact and influencing indirect stakeholders. It also explores the roles and responsibilities of businesses in fostering a thriving digital society by examining the vitality factors across economic, social, and political domains. The paper concludes with practical recommendations for businesses to integrate Societal CDR into their strategies, highlighting the importance of inclusivity, ethical practices, and transparency in the digital era

Piercing the Curtain: Exploring U.S.-Iran Relations and Realism Through the Qasem Soleimani Assassination

In the domain of global politics, the validation of realist theory would occur if a majority of states held substantial power. However, the current international system features states with varying degrees of capability, leading to divergent objectives. This divergence contradicts realist assertions, prompting a critical examination in this article. By practically evaluating the international system, the article recognizes the diverse capabilities and objectives of states influenced by dominant states, especially in the case of postcolonial states, often overlooked by realism. Utilizing defensive and offensive theories within classical (neo) realism, the article analyzes the Qasem Soleimani case to demonstrate the importance of diverse theoretical perspectives in broadening analysis. The case study underscores the ongoing relevance of realism in understanding the self-help and anarchic nature of the international system.

East Asian Security Architecture in the Geopolitical Competition Between China and the United States: Impacts and Adjustments

In the context of globalization, the rivalry between China and the United States has become a key factor shaping the regional security landscape. In this paper, the author investigates the profound impact and potential adjustment strategies of the geopolitical competition between China and the United States on the security architecture of East Asia. This paper first outlines the complexity of Sino-U.S. competition and its profound challenges in East Asia. The problem statement clarifies the core issue addressed in this study: how to address the multiple pressures on regional security arising from Sino-U.S. competition. The research employs a comprehensive approach, including a literature review and case analysis, to thoroughly understand the competition's multidimensional effects. Findings reveal that Sino-U.S. competition has significantly altered the security landscape in East Asia, spanning military, political, and economic domains. In conclusion, the paper summarizes key discoveries and emphasizes the urgency of adjusting the East Asian security framework. It proposes recommendations to guide regional stakeholders in preparing for the new geopolitical reality, ensuring adaptability to and mitigation of uncertainties from Sino-U.S. competition. These suggestions aim to provide powerful insights for decision-makers, fostering practical and effective policy adjustments in response to evolving circumstances.

팬덤의 시대, 대중문화에서 정치까지

This study examines the attitudes and strategies of the generation that internalized fandom culture and practices during their adolescence in the 2000s to engage with Korean society as a whole. This research was conducted by analyzing prior research on how fandom works and its significance, as well as attempts to change the discourse. Fandom, which had been dismissed as star-obsessed individuals began to be recognized as an organized consumption entity and subcultural groups that combined and created various cultural significances since the mid-1990s. This made academics take interested in fandom. Once defined as a form of adolescent peer culture or popular culture consumption, fandom gradually evolved into a life-course practice. Studies have revealed that the fandom experience of creating and maintaining communal relationships through subcultural practices, challenging, and conquering existing power and authority, plays an important role in members’ lives. For them, fandom is a long-term and important reference point for identity and value. When the generation that has become adult with internalized fandom culture demands changes in across political, social, cultural, and economic domains, taking fandom’s way is a natural strategy and outcome.

The political: A view from Jakarta’s kampungs

This article is a response to Leitner and Sheppard’s recent publications on Jakarta. I argue that Jakarta’s kampungs and the eviction of their communities is a topic that needs to be situated in the realm of social reproduction. The multidimensional problems in kampungs fall within capitalism’s wider ‘crisis of care’. From this methodological position, we can access the political domain of the kampung, from which a new political agency emerges as collective bodies beyond merely the sum of individual survival tactics.

"KVANT TAHDIDI: KVANT HISOBLASHNING XALQARO KIBERXAVFSIZLIKKA TAʼSIRINI VA YANGI HUQUQIY BAZALARGA SHOSHILINCH EHTIYOJNI OʻRGANISH""KVANT TAHDIDI: KVANT HISOBLASHNING XALQARO KIBERXAVFSIZLIKKA TAʼSIRINI VA YANGI HUQUQIY BAZALARGA SHOSHILINCH EHTIYOJNI OʻRGANISH"

"The rapid advancement of quantum computing poses a significant threat to the cybersecurity of our increasingly digitized world. As quantum computers become more powerful and accessible, they have the potential to break many of the cryptographic algorithms that currently secure our sensitive data, financial transactions, and critical infrastructure. This looming “quantum threat” has far-reaching implications for individuals, organizations, and nation-states, as it could lead to widespread data breaches, economic disruption, and compromised national security. Despite the growing recognition of this risk, existing legal and regulatory frameworks are largely unprepared to address the unique challenges of quantum-enabled cyber threats. Moreover, the geopolitical implications of the quantum revolution are complex and multifaceted, with the potential to reshape the global balance of power and exacerbate technological inequalities. To mitigate these risks and promote quantum readiness, there is an urgent need for the international community to develop new legal frameworks and cooperative mechanisms that span technical, economic, legal, and political domains. This article provides an interdisciplinary analysis of the quantum threat to cybersecurity, examines its potential impacts across various sectors and international relations, and offers policy recommendations for developing a comprehensive global governance framework. By proactively addressing this challenge through multi-stakeholder collaboration and quantum-resistant solutions, we can work towards a more secure and resilient digital future in the face of this transformative technology. "

Credible, but Not for Me: Immigrant Folk Theories of News Trust in Chinese, Korean, and Filipino Communities in the US

ABSTRACT This study examines how Asian immigrants in the United States navigate American news media and respond to misinformation. Drawing on theoretical discussions on public trust in news, relational journalism, and immigrant’s news experiences and ethnic media, we analyze the folk theories of news held by Asian immigrants from China, the Philippines, and Korea. The analysis of 22 interviews reveals their non-committal identity as members of the American public and the uniquely ambivalent attitudes that they hold towards US news. They see American news as credible yet propagandistic, biased yet innocent of misinformation, and accessible yet alienating. Consequently, they turn to alternative news sources that provide a sense of belonging, rather than relying on established and vetted mainstream news. We discuss the role of alternative ethnic intermediaries in providing Asian immigrants with their own news narratives, while recognizing the potential danger of exposing them to unvetted political messages. The findings call for enhancing relatability and balancing the functions of journalism in everyday life and political domains to integrate immigrant communities into the informed American public.

Theorizing reflexivity and transformative change in marine governance

ABSTRACT With multiple blue crises unfolding, momentum exists to develop and implement transformative marine governance approaches towards sustainable use of our oceans. Such approaches will only be transformative when they foster reflexive governance that questions and changes existing values and structures of power and governance. Yet, we lack understanding of how transformative marine governance change relates to reflexivity. This article takes an actor perspective and conceptualises reflexivity through three elements: (1) the trigger that leads to (2) processes of single, double and triple loop learning and reflection, and (3) the capacity to enact change. Building on the duality of structure and agency, we argue that reflexive actors are able to enact transformative change by changing their policy practices and the governance arrangements they are embedded in. These changes can in turn lead to political modernization, i.e. the structural transformation processes within the political domain of society. This will also result in changes across multiple governance arrangements. However, reflexivity is a process both enabled and constrained by existing power and governance structures, and does not happen automatically. We therefore conclude that reflexivity and transformation require deliberation, contestation and the capacity to learn and break through vested interest, discourses and power structures.

The Role of Facebook in Shaping Voting Behavior of Youth: Perspective of a Developing Country

This paper explores Facebook’s role in shaping the political perception of youth during the 2018 general elections in Pakistan. It also gauges the ideological standpoint of youth in Pakistan that influences their voting decisions. An online campaign has become an indispensable source for politicians to influence the masses without the constraints of distance and time. It is a quantitative study based on a questionnaire survey of young Pakistani voters. Findings show that Facebook has presumed the role of an instigator in shaping the voting behavior of educated youth. Respondents perceived Facebook as biased while expressing views and assisted political entities in manipulating the data to increase their vote bank. Though the majority of them haven’t experienced fake news so either they are not conscious or they trust blindly the information. Furthermore, respondents’ cognitive abilities are not obstructed by politicians using Facebook, instead, friends and family network seems more persuasive in determining voters’ choice. Results manifest that ideological standpoint impacts voters’ decisions substantially. There is no statistical difference in the voting behavior of respondents based on gender and/or age. The individuality of this study is that it focuses on the medium of communication between politicians and youth instead of emphasizing the social cleavages and their impact on voters’ decisions, which Pakistani scholars largely study. This study will prompt the field of psephology in Pakistan, which is largely ignored, and help scholars to move out of the domain of identity politics.

Relevance of Machaivellis Theories in Today

Abstract: Niccolò Machiavelli, a prominent figure in Renaissance political philosophy, continues to wield significant influence in contemporary discourse on governance, leadership, and power dynamics. Despite being penned centuries ago, Machiavelli's works, notably "The Prince" and "Discourses on Livy," remain subject to intense scrutiny and debate for their pragmatic, often controversial, insights into the nature of politics and human behavior. This extended abstract delves into the enduring relevance of Machiavelli's theories in modern society, elucidating key concepts and their manifestations across political, social, and business domains.

Overcoming the apocalypse in the pluralistic space of poetics and politics

In the shift toward the Early Modern era, the end-centric temporality of the Middle Ages underwent a critical reevaluation, which spawned four distinct historical paradigms in the interplay between eschatology and politics. This article delineates these paradigms as follows: the revolutionary, where political constructs undergo a metamorphosis toward the eschatological, culminating in their complete dissolution within it; the progressive, in which political elements evolve in the direction of eschatological thought while retaining their distinct existence; the conservative, where political structures act to curtail the influence of eschatological expectations; and the post-apocalyptic, wherein both political and eschatological spheres merge into the economic, exemplifying the cultural logic of late capitalism. Utilizing process tracing as a methodological tool within the framework of critical realism, the study investigates the dynamic processes through which societies confront and potentially overcome apocalyptic scenarios. It reveals that poetic and political pluralism serves as a transformative mechanism, facilitating the potential overcoming of apocalyptic threats. However, this overcoming is only achieved in the progressive model, which is marked by the adoption of a polytheistic political myth and a clear separation between the domains of politics and ethics. In contrast, the post-apocalyptic model is characterized by a radical proliferation of apocalyptic narratives, which leads to the normalization and institutionalization of a metaphorical ‘worldly hell.' In this context, the political and eschatological are reconstituted within the economic domain, signaling a shift to a new cultural and ideological paradigm dominated by capitalist ideology.

SATIRE AND ITS RHYTHM THROUGH THE LENS OF CARICATURE AND CARTOON PRACTICES IN INDIA: A REVIEW

The major key factor of modern ‘caricature’ art has been not only constricted to only the voice of society and the political domain, neither is it still subjected to newspapers, magazines and journals, banners, templates, and posters but it is legitimated to be spontaneous equally an ambiguous ‘etiology’ of art practice having its inseparable bonding through 21st century as ‘digital expression’ as well. Caricature art has always been hands-up with its impact on the human psyche or vice-versa as well and its elongated limbs hold a tremendous grip over any fragile, discursiveness, and expectation that weakens the stimulus growth of society which can never be overlooked. This research paper- ‘Satire and its Rhythm through the Lens of Caricature and Cartoon Practices in India: A Review’ fundamentally has made an attempt to showcase the study of satire through caricature and cartoon art by Five eminent artists from India and their perception of this subject.

Analysing Revitalised Security Industry: The Tech-Powered Transformation for Small States

This scholarly endeavour delves into the extensive metamorphosis undergone by the security industry, a consequence of profound technological advancements. In particular, the study discerns the strategic utilisation of the tech-powered revitalised security industry by certain small states as a means to transcend the confines of defensive nihilism. An identified gap in current scholarship lies in the limited exploration of the transformative dynamics associated with technological innovation-driven security industries within the context of small states. Consequently, this paper endeavours to furnish a comprehensive analysis of the revitalised security industry and its multifaceted implications on the domains of security, politics, and economics. The research employs a nuanced approach, with a primary emphasis on case studies pertaining to Israel and Singapore, both exemplifying small states that have strategically harnessed high-tech capabilities to defy conventional perceptions of their inherent limitations. The central objective is to scrutinise the methodologies adopted by these small states, offering insights into their concerted efforts to bolster technological prowess. This divergent trajectory challenges prevailing realist assumptions regarding the inherent constraints imposed upon small states. Methodologically, the study employs a diverse array of analytical tools, including case study techniques, policy discourse investigation, and cross-case comparative analysis. This eclectic methodological approach aims to discern and unravel the intricate interplay between technology’s transformative influence on the security industry and its subsequent ramifications for small states.