Polish Public Research Articles

The Spiritual Well-Being Scale in the Polish Catholic Setting: Construct, Structure, and Relationships with Psychological Well-Being.

The population of Poland could be of particular interest to researchers studying religion and spirituality. Catholicism has played a significant role in shaping the country's culture, history, and tradition and is considered a national religion. More recently, however, the processes of moving away from regular participation in religious services and loosening ties with the institution of the Catholic Church are marked (Polish Public Opinion Research Center, CBOS). The Polish Catholic setting may modify the associations between psychological variables that have been studied in their relationships with spirituality, which have been investigated in religious contexts differing from a PolishCatholic one. Given this context, we examined the internal structure of spiritual well-being in the sample of present-dayPolishCatholics (Study 1) and how spiritual well-being is related to mental health (Study 2). The internal structure of the Spiritual Well-Being Scale was replicated in the Polish sample, but only positively worded items loaded on the Religious and Existential Well-Being subscales. Spiritual well-being was positively related to positive mood, satisfaction with life, and psychological well-being; it wasnegatively associated with negative mood, depression, and anxiety, thus remaining significantly related to psychological well-being among Polish Catholics.

Holistic Approaches in Endometriosis - as an Effective Method of Supporting Traditional Treatment: A Systematic Search and Narrative Review.

Endometriosis is one of the gynecological diseases where women suffer from pain, quality of life decreased. The aim of this review was to describe the most common non-medical methods used in the treatment of symptoms associated with endometriosis and to determine their effectiveness. The review was performed in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases. Randomized controlled trials, case studies, observational studies, retrospective studies, prospective studies, pilot studies, trails, publications in English or Polish were searched based on the Participant-Intervention-Comparator-Outcomes-Study design (PICOS) format. The criteria used to select studies were: women with endometriosis, no cancer, included any physiotherapeutic or non-medical intervention. 3706 articles were found, however only 26 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Quality of the studies was assessed by Risk of Bias 2 tool and ROBINS-1 tool. The most holistic approach used in the treatment of symptoms of endometriosis include physical therapy, manual therapy, electrophysical agents acupuncture, diet and psychological interventions. Most research has focused on relieving pain and increasing quality of life. Non-medical methods showed reduction of symptoms of endometriosis. Physical activity, manual therapy, electrophysical agents, acupuncture, diet and cognitive behavioral therapy showed no negative side effects and reduced pain, what improved the quality of life and reduced the perceived stress.

A sight into the pathogenesis and treatment of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

Introduction and aim. Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), often referred to as thyroid eye disease or Graves’ ophthalmopathy, is a syndrome characterized by autoimmune inflammation affecting the eye muscles, connective tissue, and orbital fat. The aim of this literature review is to present TAO and integrate the available data in the literature regarding the pathogenesis and treatment methods. Based on these, the authors aim to examine whether, despite the extensive knowledge already available on TAO, there are still issues to be investigated. Material and methods. In this literature review, books and scientific publications in both Polish and English languages have been assessed. The search criteria included keywords such as TAO, Graves’ disease, thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. The evaluation covered the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar. Analysis of the literature. Typically, the eyeball is not involved, but in exceptional cases, corneal ulceration may occur, or inflammation of the optic nerve may ensue. TAO most commonly occurs in the course of hyperthyroidism in Graves’ disease, involving up to 25–50% of cases. The coexistence of autoantigens shared between the thyroid and orbital tissues is considered the primary cause of TAO when it occurs concurrently with hyperthyroidism, later in its course, or even preceding the manifestation of hyperthyroidism, with or without concurrent thyroid dysfunction. TAO is generally bilateral, although dominance on one side is often observed. Common symptoms include eye pain, photophobia, diplopia, varying degrees of proptosis, and impaired vision. The cornerstone of treatment lies in managing hyperthyroidism, as TAO cannot be cured without it. Conclusion. First-line treatment involves glucocorticoids, with radiation therapy as a supplementary option, and in cases unresponsive to pharmacological treatment, surgical intervention may be necessary.

Types of psychoactive substance and manifested risky sexual behaviors among men - a review.

Determining the relationship between the use of types of psychoactive substance and risky sexual behavior among men. The sources cited in the manuscript were selected through a search of scientific article databases in July 2023. Priority was given to publications with release dates from 2018-2023. Publications in Polish and English were included. The phenomenon of chemsex, more and more often noted in the group of men who have sex with men (MSM), involving sexual activity under the influence of intoxicants, promotes risky sexual behavior. The drugs used for these practices are mainly stimulants, disinhibitors and anesthetics. Factors that increase the risk of an individual deciding to engage in chemical sex include not accepting his sexual preferences, feelings of guilt, personality traits characterizing a person prone to taking risks and with a tendency to seek sensations, as well as high scores on the scale of depressiveness. The main factor determining the emergence of the problem is the occurrence of minority stress. There is a relationship between the use of a certain type of psychoactive substance and engaging in risky sexual behavior. Psychoactive substances help to overcome fear and reduce the impact of minority stress on MSM. Risky behaviors undertaken during chemsex include increasing the risk of contracting diseases through the lack of appropriate safeguards, the risk of addiction, prostitution, as well as threats social relationships and mental health.

100th anniversary of ‘Special School’ publication

The article presents the beginnings of the Polish pedagogical press and its development duringthe partitions and in the years after regaining independence. The establishment of theSpecial Education Section of the Polish Public School Teachers' Association was initiated by thepublication of the periodical ‘Special School’ in 1924, the editor-in-chief of which was MariaGrzegorzewska. The magazine was addressed primarily to teachers and was intended to increasetheir interest in the issues of people with disabilities and special educational needs. Thestructure of the magazine proposed by Grzegorzewska has remained basically unchanged tothis day. It assumed the publication of scientific articles and articles devoted to teaching work,as well as reports on domestic and foreign events and new publications.

Advanced utilization of satellite and governmental data for determining the coverage and condition of green areas in Poland: An experimental statistics supporting the Statistics Poland

Statistics Poland utilizes Earth Observation and in-situ data to assess green areas, aiming to derive vital information on natural capital statistics and human well-being. This is essential for informed decision-making and sustainable development. Improving regional well-being statistics is a priority due to Poland's low rankings in environmental well-being indicators. To overcome challenges in obtaining comprehensive data at the commune level, the study introduces a new and innovative system for monitoring green areas. This system employs Sentinel-2 satellite data, combined with Copernicus vegetation and phenology products in order to determine extent and condition of green areas. In addition, the applied land cover product (Dynamic World) and national vector database of topographic features (BDOT10k) contributes to the quality and accuracy of the analyses carried out. The system yields two pivotal indicators: one delineating the proportional coverage of green areas within communes boundaries, and the other elucidating the state and health of these delineated areas. A key highlight of the system is its innovative use of local resources and the Google Earth Engine application to observe green areas at a 10-meter resolution at the commune level, particularly in major cities in Poland. These observations are crucial for the Polish Public Services Monitoring System (SMUP), providing comprehensive local-level evaluation services. The research outcome consists of a comparison between the extent of green areas delineated by public administration at the commune level and the extent of green areas determined using a newly proposed method, which relies on satellite imagery from the Copernicus program. The results indicate variability between these two datasets, depending on different forms of land cover within each administrative unit. The most consistent data is derived from large urban agglomerations in Poland.

The Father’s Love: Collective Narcissism and Defensive Reactions to Allegations about Pope John Paul II in Polish Public Opinion

Abstract Recent allegations that Pope John Paul II turned a blind eye to clergy sexual abuse as archbishop and pope have ignited much controversy in Poland. In this study, we utilize data from an original representative survey of Polish adults to examine predictors of defensive political reactions to these allegations. We hypothesized that national and Catholic collective narcissism (an exaggerated belief in in-group greatness that requires consistent external validation) would predict defensive attitudes in the face of the allegation, and that nonnarcissistic in-group satisfaction with national and Polish identities would be less related to defensive attitudes. Using a variety of statistical approaches, we find support for these predictions among Polish Catholics.

EU Directive on Work-Life Balance for Parents and Carers in the Context of Human Resources Problems in the Polish Public Administration

This article attempts to present and assess the adequacy of the solutions in the directive on work-life balance for parents and carers in the context of the problems and challenges faced by the Polish public administration in human resource management. The directive’s solutions are analyzed from the perspective of post-pandemic reality, demography, changes in the structure of society and equality, and growing numbers and activation of women in the labor market. An example of applying the WLB policy in the Polish civil service was also presented.

Polish research on publishing in Poland between 1945 and 2015: Themes, legacy and implications for further research

The history of publishing in Poland encompasses many issues associated with the emergence and dissemination of printed books. Of fundamental significance to the study of these issues are the records of the publishing output: while we have nearly complete, though still underexamined, records of this output for the period from the 15th to the 18th century, documented in bibliographies and catalogues, the situation is worse when it comes to the 19th and 20th centuries, until the outbreak of the Second World War. In this respect, what we need is not only a continuation, but a radical intensification of bibliographic work. This concerns works published in the Latin, Cyrillic, Hebrew and Greek scripts, as well as musical notation. Polish book scholars have devoted a lot of attention to the beginnings of printing in Poland. The historiography concerning various typographic workshops located in the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is rich; however, it still requires further extensive studies. Scholars have also been interested in phenomena influ- encing the content structure of printed publications, such as publishing privileges (in the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth), censorship and restrictions imposed by the partitioning powers and later by Poland’s communist authorities, as a result of which Polish publications had to be printed abroad and an independent publishing movement emerged. The scholars’ research interests have also focused on books as products of printers and publishers and on the publication of written works. Scholars have examined both the various components of the book (title page, printer’s signet, stemmata, etc.) and its editorial composition as a whole. Their undoubted achievements in the studies of the history of publishing in Poland are significant, yet in many areas they need to be continued and expanded (one important task is the edition of sources for the study of the history of Polish publishing) and to investigate the phenomena that stem from developmental tendencies in modern book studies.

Markers of social status in Polish printers' signatures (1501-1545)

The article raises the problem of status representation in the signatures of book printers of the Kingdom of Poland. First of all, the study concerns the identified features in the publications of I. Vietor and J. Haller; to a lesser extent - S. Giber, K. Hochfeder, F. Ungler and M. Scharfenberg. Although the publisher's signature form did not undergo significant changes during the 1st half of the 16th century, we find specific markers of social status among the listed printers. These markers are not characteristic of previous and subsequent Polish book publishers, but are characteristic, firstly, of a certain circle of printers outside the Kingdom of Poland, and secondly, of the social environment that existed at that time, in which certain epithets conveyed information about a person’s place in the hierarchy. The focus on the readership demand of intellectuals and connections with the University of Krakow were also reflected in the publishing signatures: printers classified their activities in the field of sciences and arts ("ars"), and also presented themselves in terms accepted in the scientific community ("egregius vir", "spectabilis vir dominus"). This part of the self-representation of entrepreneurs once again testifies to their involvement in the structure of European humanist printers, who, like their Polish colleagues, sought to declare in their signatures their connections with the scientific community and Renaissance culture. At the same time, the appearance of the epithets identified in the structure of the publisher's signature has not only a linguistic connection, but also a chronological one: the concepts under study disappear in the middle of the 16th century from Polish publications and is reduced to a minimum in publications of other European lands.

Digital Books in Polish Public Libraries: Case Study of Partnership with the Commercial Distributor Legimi

ABSTRACT This article outlines a case study of the partnership between Polish public libraries and Legimi, a commercial distributor of digital books operating on both the trade book and library markets. Legimi and representatives of the libraries were interviewed in order to examine the reasons why libraries contract with commercial actors, the extent to which these services are used, the rationale for selecting the billing models, and which funding sources support libraries in this regard. Arrangements for Legimi’s services are negotiated mainly through library consortia. Currently, approximately 42% of all libraries in Poland provide digital books through Legimi.

Is a Woman a Better Refugee Than a Man? Gender Representations of Refugees in the Polish Public Debate

Within the framework of global mobility regimes, some bodies are encouraged to move while others are pushed back. Nation-states create control mechanisms to block those who are “undesirable”. Apart from political utility, the colour of the bodies is indicated by the critics as the main criterion of division. However, one more important dimension that intersects with race here is the gender of these bodies. A woman fits the figure of an ideal victim better due to the nationalist patterns of femininity: she is vulnerable, submissive, and deprived of agency. Contrary to a man: his duty in the context of war is to remain in his homeland and fight for it. A man who does not do that, seeking asylum in Europe, is morally doubtful: he is a migrant posing a threat to “our” prosperity and security. This is how people crossing the Polish-Belarusian border are presented to public opinion and contrasted with female Ukrainian refugees. The article offers a critical analysis of gender representations of refugees in the Polish public debate through the prism of postcolonial theory, demonstrating that gendered and racialised colonial discourses underpin rationalisations about who has and who does not have a right to be a refugee.

The Sex Offenders Public Registry of the Republic of Poland: Problems that require solutions

The paper examines the experience of the Republic of Poland in recording and classifying convicted sexual offenders. The register is a comprehensive criminal law tool for crime prevention of sexual violent crimes. The author examines the effectiveness of the register as well as compares it to the similar practices in some Western countries. The author dwells upon the experience of one of the very few publicly available crime registries in the European Union, The Polish Public Sex Offenders Registry, which is currently functioning on the base of the Act of 13 May of 2016 on counteracting sexual crime threats. The current registry could be checked from any device from any part of the globe (which makes it similar to some US public registries). The article examines how such regulations correlate with General Data Protection Regulation of the European Parliament and if this type of crime prevention could be considered to be adequate to its task.

Монографії та збірники з питань аквакультури і суміжних галузей знань, видані у 2022–2023 рр. Довідкова бібліографія

Purpose. Forming a reference bibliographic list of books published in the last two years and dedicated to the latest research in the fields of fish farming and aquaculture in general, hydrobiology, ichthyology, fisheries, hydrochemistry, zoogeography, genetics and physiology of hydrobionts, biotechnology in fish farming, etc. Methodology. The complete and selective methods were applied in the process of the systematic search. The bibliographic core have been consisted of scientific publications in Ukrainian, English and Polish from resources available to users of the Institute of Fisheries NAAS Scientific Library. Findings. There was composed the reference list of publications with a total quantity of 94 monographs and collections of scientific works published in 2022-2023, highlighting the results of the latest domestic and foreign researches in aquaculture and related fields of knowledge. The literary sources are arranged in alphabetical order by author or title, and described according to DSTU 8302:2015 “Information and documentation. Bibliographic reference. General principles and rules of composition”, with the amendments (code UKND 01.140.40), as well as in accordance with the requirements of APA style — international standard of references. Practical value. The list may be useful for scientists, practitioners, students, whose sphere of interest and activity covers the issues of aquaculture, different aspects of the biology of aquatic animals and plants, as well as the study of their habitat. Key words: ichthyology, fish farming, aquaculture, ichthyopathology, fish immunology, fish genetics, hydrobiology, hydrochemistry.

W którym pułku służył Piotr Niewiadomski – bohater Soli ziemi Józefa Wittlina?

A COMMENT ON THE ATTEMPTS TO IDENTIFY PIOTR NIEWIADOMSKI’S REGIMENTThe 2022 Polish critical edition of Józef Wittlin’s World War One novel, Salt of the Earth, features a footnote where the editor unequivocally identifies the main protagonist’s military unit as the Austro-Hungarian 55th Infantry Regiment, based on the initial letter of the unit’s Colonel-in-chief ’s name mentioned by the author. This aligns with the 1991 edition, which previously identified him as Nicholas I of Montenegro. With publications on the Austro- -Hungarian army now more widely accessible, the new editor enumerates the regiment’s characteristics and briefly outlines its history. However, other pertinent details scattered throughout the novel, such as the unit’s recruiting district (Śniatyn in Eastern Galicia), its garrison town (Stanisławów), and facing colour (orange), are completely disregarded. This article aims to demonstrate that, when considered collectively, these clues lead to the conclusion that Wittlin’s portrayal of the unit is entirely fictitious. The writer not only fails to mention the regiment’s number (replacing it with “X”) but also presents its mutually exclusive formal characteristics. It can be inferred that the author either could not present the unit consistently or, more likely, intentionally did so to prevent readers from associating it with any actual place and people. This conclusion is drawn from scrutiny of official printed sources in German, along with fundamental Austrian and Polish publications.

„Każdy zna się na AI”. Przegląd badań polskiej opinii publicznej na temat sztucznej inteligencji

„Everyone Knows AI”. A Review of Polish Public Opinion Polls on Artificial Intelligence A study on the perception of artificial intelligence in Poland indicates a growing awareness of this concept. However, many people still have false ideas about this, often confusing AI with automation or robotisation. The survey results suggest that Polish people are confused and do not fully understand what artificial intelligence is. The article presents the results of research based on a systematic review of available internet sources regarding public opinion on artificial intelligence in Poland. A total of 12 different studies, conducted in the six years to 2023, were analysed. The analysis of the research material allowed for drawing five main conclusions regarding: 1) understanding the concept, 2) experiencing the presence of technological artifacts, 3) the scope of acceptance for intelligent machines, 4) the issue of substitutability and 5) confusion. The conclusions from the analysis suggest that Polish people are beginning to understand the role of artificial intelligence, but they still have many questions and concerns about it, and as AI becomes more popular in everyday life, further changes in the way it is perceived can be expected.

Związek między reprezentacją kobiet w zarządach a wynikami finansowymi polskich spółek notowanych na giełdzie w dekadzie przed pandemią COVID-19

Różnorodność płci w zarządach i jej związek z wynikami finansowymi spółek notowanych na giełdzie jest przedmiotem szerokiej debaty. Dotychczas identyfikowano zarówno pozytywne, jak i negatywne relacje między tymi dwoma zjawiskami. W niniejszym badaniu podjęto próbę ustalenia, czy istnieje związek między reprezentacją kobiet w zarządach a wynikami finansowymi spółek w Polsce. Próba badawcza obejmowała 90 spółek, które posiadały pełną dokumentację niezbędnych danych i były nieprzerwanie notowane na Giełdzie Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie w latach 2010–2019 (w okresie określanym jako dekada przed pandemią COVID- 19). Wyniki finansowe spółek mierzone są 1) kilkoma pojedynczymi wskaźnikami finansowymi oraz 2) miarami syntetycznymi (taksonomicznymi), skonstruowanymi z wykorzystaniem zbiorów różnych pojedynczych wskaźników finansowych. Badania przeprowadzono dla wszystkich wybranych spółek łącznie oraz oddzielnie dla banków, innych firm finansowych i spółek niefinansowych. Uzyskane rezultaty sugerują, że reprezentacja kobiet w zarządach nie była powiązana z wynikami finansowymi spółek notowanych na giełdzie w Polsce, choć odnotowano kilka przykładów korelacji dodatniej, szczególnie w przypadku banków.

A Preliminary Bibliography of Polish Publications Concerning the Dead Sea Scrolls (from 1947 to the Spring of 2022)

This publication presents a preliminary bibliography of material on the Dead Sea Scrolls for the years 1947–2022 (spring), which includes only Polish authors’ works which were published. The bibliography has been divided into four parts. The first part gives a list of recent Polish bibliographies, the second one contains monographs and collective works, the third one comprises book chapters and articles appearing in collective works, and the fourth part – papers published in periodicals. The entire work is preceded by a list of abbreviations.

Reflection as a Basic Category of a Teacher’s Thinking and Action

Reflection in the work of a teacher is an important issue from the perspectives of linking educational theory and practice, a teacher’s personal and professional development and solving educational problems in multiple contexts. The world besets the modern teacher with new challenges, and (self-)reflection becomes a necessity as well as a difficult intellectual task. This paper focusses on the issue of a teacher’s reflection from the standpoint of linking educational theory and practice and examining the value of their work. Using numerous foreign and Polish publications on the subject, while also referring to classic authors such as Dewey and Schön, the authors analyse the essence of a teacher’s reflection in order to highlight the significance of reflective thinking as a key competence for teachers and educators. In the deliberations in this paper, reflection is the foundation of a teacher’s reflexivity in modern education, and a priority in preparing individuals for the profession. The method of a systematic and critical selected literature review was used. Special attention was paid to reflective thinking as well as the flexibility of educational processes and communicative interaction with educational entities.

Korean toponyms in the Polish language: sources of transposition, transcripyion systems, and phonic assimilation strategies

The intensively developing Polish-Korean contacts and direct access to the knowledge of South Korea as one of the major East Asian countries obtained from Internet and media coverage have resulted in Korean toponyms being assimilated in the Polish language to an increasing extent. However, they are adapted in a number of ways, being mediated through two main systems of Latinising the Korean language, i.e. the McCune-Reischauer transcription and the modified MOE transcription, which is officially propagated by Korean authorities. This leads to a certain competition between the two systems, which are, moreover, often used in the situation of not only lack of command of the source language itself, but also ignorance of the conventional rules of the Latin transcription of Korean geographical names, which are different in both transcriptions. Moreover, toponyms must be assimilated based on various compromises between the phonological system of the source language and the system of the receiving language. Such a helpful compromise might be an additionally used Polonised transcription in the resource of letter symbols, but this requires substantial adjustments and additions as well as unavoidable concessions to make it easier for Polish recipients to decipher texts about Korea. From the perspective of historical standardisation of some characteristic Korean toponyms in Polish publications, various transcription tools, methods of their assimilation and adaptations, as well as the obvious cognitive barriers might become definitely more pronounced and informative for both text authors and recipients