Polish Production Research Articles

Innowacje w przemysłowym potencjale obronnym na świecie i w Polsce 1990–2016

The companies producing the military equipment and the weapons are generally classified as the most modern and most innovative companies in the world. Quite often used in these enterprises innovative organizational and technical solutions, in particular new technology, are later adapted for the production not related to the defense. The article is an attempt to assess the level of innovation of the Polish defense industry. The first chapter discusses the level of innovation in the defense industries in other countries, particularly the United States. In the second, there is a comparison between the level of national innovation industry to other countries. Additionally, the main constraints to the development of innovation were mentioned and the author identifies prerequisites that must be achieved to improve the situation in Poland. The main conclusion – despite the major difficulties in the last 25 years, many Polish companies have not lost the ability in product development. However, the basic elements which should occur to ameliorate the situation in terms of innovation are: higher specialization of industry, the continuity of orders for equipment and armament Polish Ministry of National Defence, promotion at government level, Polish production on foreign markets supported by financing instruments for the recipients, funding of research programs with a realistic chance of implementation to production, purchase and export by the Ministry of Defence. The article was written based on interviews conducted in the years 2013–2015 with Chief Executive Officers of defense industry companies in Poland and the experts in this subject as well as other published and unpublished materials.

Detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and influenza A virus (IAV) in oral fluid of pigs

Recently oral fluid has become a novel sample type for pathogen nucleic acid and antibody detection, as it is easy to obtain with non-invasive procedures. The objective of the study was to analyze porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and influenza A virus (IAV) circulation in growing pigs from three Polish production farms, using Real Time PCR and ELISA testing of oral fluid and serum. Oral fluids were collected every 2weeks, in the same 3–4 pens of pigs aged between 5 and 17weeks. Additionally, blood samples were collected every 4weeks from 4 pigs corresponding to the same pens as oral fluid and tested for the presence of PRRSV nucleic acid (pooled by 4) and antibodies. In farm A no PRRSV circulation was detected and only maternal antibodies were present. In farm B and farm C antibodies to PRRSV in serum and oral fluid were detected in most samples. In farm B PRRSV Type 1 was detected in 80.9% of oral fluid samples and in 58.3% of serum pools, and in farm C in 92.8% of oral fluid samples and 75% serum pools. Striking differences were observed between different pens in PRRSV detection patterns. In farms B and C ORF5 sequence analysis showed the presence of wild type strains which were about 84–85% identical to the modified live vaccine used. In all three farms two waves of IAV shedding with oral fluid were detected, in weaners and fatteners.

The economic, social and ontological security of Polish post-accession migrants in popular media narratives

The article is based on extensive analysis of the general assumptions on the Polish post-accession migrants’ trajectories imprinted within the narratives of popular TV programmes. The depiction of migrants in the Polish media is analysed in reference to Alfred Schütz’s figures of the Stranger and the Homecomer as metaphors of the very situation of being a migrant. The empirical data come from two popular Polish productions: the docu-soap ‘Wyjechani’ (The Leavers) and the soap opera ‘Londyńczycy’ (The Londoners) in which we identified 59 migrant characters. The analysis of the narratives of their life trajectory leads one to the conclusion that migration from Poland is depicted as a source of an individual’s feeling of insecurity at the economic, social or ontological level. The article reveals the representations of migrants’ career mobility abroad, the relations to their co-ethnics and the indigenous population, and their sense of cultural identity. The final result of the study is a conceptual map with the general assumptions on migrants’ economic, social and ontological security imprinted in media narratives.

Theoretical and Applied Research in the Field of Higher Geodesy Conducted in Rzeszow

Abstract Important qualitative changes were taking place in polish geodesy in last few years. It was related to application of new techniques and technologies and to introduction of European reference frames in Poland. New reference stations network ASG-EUPOS, together with Internet services which helps in precise positioning was created. It allows to fast setting up precise hybrid networks. New, accurate satellite networks became the basis of new definitions in the field of reference systems. Simultaneously arise the need of new software, which enables to execute the geodetic works in new technical conditions. Authors had an opportunity to participate in mentioned undertakings, also under the aegis of GUGiK, by creation of methods, algorithms and necessary software tools. In this way the automatic postprocessing module (APPS) in POZGEO service, a part of ASG-EUPOS system came into being. It is an entirely polish product which works in Trimble environment. Universal software for transformation between PLETRF89, PL-ETRF2000, PULKOWO’42 reference systems as well as defined coordinate systems was created (TRANSPOL v. 2.06) and published as open product. An essential functional element of the program is the quasi-geoid model PL-geoid-2011, which has been elaborated by adjustment (calibration) of the global quasi-geoid model EGM2008 to 570 geodetic points (satellite-leveling points). Those and other studies are briefly described in this paper.

Changes of the Surfaces of Various Metal Implants after Introduction into Rabbits' Bone Tissue

Screw metal implants with rough or the smooth polished were introduced surface in a tibial bone proximal condyle of not purebred rabbits. Within 6 months after operation the considerable distinctions of radiological data were revealed not. 2 months later after introduction of implants with a rough surface the effort enclosed for its twisting is, much more, than for removal of the polished product. However, stability of fixing of implants was practically made even at 6 months. On remote rough implants there is a set of tissue scraps whereas on products with a smooth surface the tissue remains were much less. Surrounding tissues strongly join a rough surface, grow into cavities, and during removal of such products there is a considerable trauma of tissues round an implantation place. Smooth implants have the smaller area of contact with organism tissues, they are fixed due to bicortical implantation, during removal easily get out and don't break off surrounding tissues.

Relationships Between Miles and Snow Strategic Types and Organizational Performance in Polish Production Companies

Purpose: Miles and Snow’s conception of strategic types is the most popular and extensively studied typology of strategic choices. Consequently, in recent years it has been related to organizational performance measures. Despite numerous studies conducted in different environmental and organizational settings, the research results of relationships between strategic types and organizational performance are ambiguous. In this paper, we seek to advance the knowledge regarding how a chosen strategic type affects organizational performance measures in the transition economy of Poland. Methodology: Using quantitative research results, on the basis of data from 96 organizations we statistically test four research hypotheses. Findings: Research results reveal the existence of “clear” strategic types in majority of companies but highlight moderately strong relationships between declared strategic type and organizational performance. In turn, they suggest that Prospector and analyzer strategic types promise slightly higher performance than Reactor and Defender types. Originality: This research project on strategic types in SMEs in a transition economy is one of few dealing with this topic that have been conducted in Eastern European countries to date.

The impact of Polish unconventional production on the regional distribution of natural gas supply and transit: A scenario analysis

We use the MEOS model to assess the possible impact of Polish unconventional gas (UNG) production on natural gas flows through the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. MEOS is a network flow optimization model designed to solve the minimum-cost flow problem in a network that consists of nodes (production areas, consumption areas, transshipment junctions) and arcs (pipelines). The article postulates and analyzes five distinct scenarios combining various levels of UNG production with different settings of regional infrastructure. The MEOS simulations reveal the critical importance of currently missing cross-border links between the countries. Polish UNG production is therefore likely to trigger new infrastructure projects and foster the ones that are currently under consideration. The biggest changes in natural gas supply can be expected in Slovakia and Hungary, as these markets do not have direct access to German hubs. Similarly, it is reasonable to expect Polish UNG to be traded at the Austrian CEGH hub, which will further catalyze the transformation of the regional market. It is further argued that in addition to sufficient infrastructure, UNG production will require liberalization of the Polish domestic market and a certain degree of integration of regional markets, effectively changing the nature of natural gas trading in the region, which is still dominated by Russian long-term, take-or-pay contracts.

Some Features of the Dental Metal Implant Changes with Different Character of a Surface After Administration into Bone Tissue of Rabbits

Screw metal implants with rough or the smooth polished were introduced surface in a tibial bone proximal condyle of not purebred rabbits. Within 6 months after operation the considerable distinctions of radiological data were revealed not. 2 months later after introduction of implants with a rough surface the effort enclosed for its twisting is, much more, than for removal of the polished product. However, stability of fixing of implants was practically made even at 6 months. On remote rough implants there is a set of tissue scraps whereas on products with a smooth surface the tissue remains were much less. Surrounding tissues strongly join a rough surface, grow into cavities, and during removal of such products there is a considerable trauma of tissues round an implantation place. Smooth implants have the smaller area of contact with organism tissues, they are fixed due to bicortical implantation, during removal easily get out and don't break off surrounding tissues.

Wzrost konkurencyjności Polski wobec problemu podniesienia jakości życia Polaków

The article is devoted to the competitiveness of the Polish economy and its impact on im-proving the quality of life in Poland. At the beginning the author points to the varied approach the concept of competitiveness in the theory, which can be considered as a dynamic process, as well as the static effect. Based on the available publications and rankings of international institutions, the author characterizes the competitiveness of the Polish economy and quality level of living in Po-land. The author draws attention to the low innovativeness of Polish industry and also to the fact that the distance between Poland and the best countries increased. As a result, the competitiveness of Polish products on the global market is mainly based on lowcost production. It has a significant influence on the relatively low quality of life in Poland, compared to other OECD countries. Alt-hough the increase in the quality of life in Poland in 2001–2014 was noticeable, its size was far from satisfactory. In the article the author also shows threats for the economic development and the quality of life in Poland. In the article the author also shows the quality of life threatening to the economic development and the height in Poland, including: dependence of the Polish economy on the foreign direct investment, low innovation of the industry, decreasing level of education, disadvantageous in a long term the structure of the export and the ineffective system of the redis-tribution of national income

“My Rare Wit Killing Sin”: Poems of a Restoration Courtier by Anne Killigrew

Reviewed by: “My Rare Wit Killing Sin”: Poems of a Restoration Courtier by Anne Killigrew Jennifer Brady Anne Killigrew. “My Rare Wit Killing Sin”: Poems of a Restoration Courtier, ed. Margaret J. M. Ezell. Toronto: Centre for Renaissance and Reformation Studies, 2013. Pp. xv + 165. $27.95 (paper). Published within months of her death from smallpox in June 1685, the Poems of Anne Killigrew have until recently attracted attention chiefly for Dryden’s celebrated Pindaric ode memorializing her [End Page 161] short career as a poet and painter. Many Dryden scholars have found Killigrew’s poetry itself to be of negligible interest. Even Ms. Ezell makes modest claims for the literary merits of Killigrew’s work, arguing that “the single posthumously published volume of Killigrew’s poems, therefore, should be viewed not so much as a final polished product … but as a record of the aspirations and poetic vision of a developing young artist” finding her voice. In her introduction, Ms. Ezell situates Killigrew within the network of a “family of courtiers” strongly loyal to the Stuarts, both during the Interregnum and after the Restoration. It is one of the ironies of Killigrew’s life that her birth in 1660 and death in 1685 should have spanned so precisely the twenty-five-year reign of Charles II, making her an exemplary Restoration writer. In some other respects, however, Killigrew’s was a dissident voice: her poetry is markedly feminocentric in opposition to the masculinist libertine culture that prevailed at court; idealistic and contemptuous of “worldly joys” in an atmosphere of cynical pleasure seeking; and strenuous in advocating a life of retirement over the ambitious pursuits of the “Great Ones … who their Ill-spent time divide, / ’Twixt dang’rous Politics, and formal Pride, / Destructive Vice, [and] Expensive Vanity,” as she characterized the atmosphere at Whitehall. I suspect it was Killigrew’s distaste for the politics of the Restoration court as well as her devout faith that drew Dryden to commemorate her “pious memory.” In Ms. Ezell’s edition of the Poems, the first since a facsimile edition published in 1967, she has sensibly modernized some aspects of the texts to make them more accessible to twenty-first-century readers. Her annotations of the biblical, classical, and historical allusions in Killigrew’s poems establish the young poet’s impressive range of reading and her cultured tastes. Killigrew experimented during her brief career with writing epigrams, occasional poems, pastoral dialogues, elegies, Pindaric odes, and even an abortive epic celebrating Alexander the Great. She had an avid interest in the reception of her work and responded with delight to complimentary verses written about her poetry by Henry Hare, 2nd Baron Coleraine, and, with hurt and outrage, to an unidentified contemporary attacker who claimed “that my Verses were made by another.” “Th’Envious Age, only to Me alone, / Will not allow, what I do write, my Own, / But let ’em Rage, and ’gainst a Maid Conspire,” Killigrew protested, before resolving to “willingly accept Cassandra’s Fate, / To speak the Truth, although believ’d too late.” Ms. Ezell emphasizes the manuscript circulation of these poems among a coterie of readers prior to their posthumous publication by Killigrew’s father and downplays the idea that this may be a consciously fashioned volume because of the circumstances of its publication. The ordering of the poems is nevertheless worth investigating. The volume opens, for example, with a fragment of Killigrew’s abandoned epic, “Alexandreis,” followed by a note explaining that “This was the first Essay of this young Lady in Poetry, but finding the Task she had undertaken hard, she laid it by till Practice and more time should make her equal to so great a Work.” This gloss, presumably by Killigrew’s father and editor, is consistent with Dryden’s portrait of her as a talented “probationer” at the time of her early death. The second poem in the collection, however, suggests a rather different reading of her abandoned epic. “To the Queen,” addressed to Catherine of Braganza, explicitly rejects the epic’s traditional valorizing [End Page 162] of male violence, implying less that Killigrew thought herself incapable of writing an epic on Alexander the Great...

The Tissue Reactions and Changes of a Surface of Various Metal Implants after Their Introduction in a Bone Tissue in Experiment

Screw metal implants (3S, Israel) with rough or smooth polished surface were introduced in a tibial proximal condyle of not purebred rabbits. The condition of surrounding tissues in 2 and 6 months after implantation was compared by light microscopy and X-ray methods. Within 6 months after operation the considerable distinctions of radiological and morphological data were revealed not. 2 months later after introduction of implants with a rough surface the effort enclosed for its twisting is, much more, than for removal of the polished product. However, stability of fixing of implants was practically made even at 6 months. On remote rough implants there is a set of tissue scraps whereas on products with a smooth surface the tissue remains were much less. Surrounding tissues strongly join a rough surface, grow into cavities, and during removal of such products there is a considerable trauma of tissues round an implantation place. Smooth implants have the smaller area of contact with organism tissues, they are fixed due to bicortical implantation, during removal easily get out and don’t break off surrounding tissues. The signs of inflammation and formation of merged multinuclear macrophages were not found at all cases, which give evidence to the inertness of material of the mentioned articles for living organism. In some observations however and by implantation of the rough article and by introduction of polished implants, metal particles were found, but after use of the foreign body with grit-blasted treatment of surface metal was found more frequently, and its fragments had larger volume.

Żywność funkcjonalna i nutraceutyki w profilaktyce chorób cywilizacyjnych

Zdrowie publiczne, w tym profilaktyka, staje sie kluczowym elementem egzystencji spo- leczenstw i jakości zycia. Najwazniejszą role odgrywa zywnośc prozdrowotna, zwlaszcza zywnośc funkcjonalna i nutraceutyki. Żywnośc funkcjonalna jest to zywnośc o postaci konwencjonalnej, ktorej udowodnio- no korzystny wplyw na: poprawe stanu zdrowia, poprawe samopoczucia i/lub zmniejsze nie ryzyka chorob. Moze obnizac ryzyko choroby, wplywając na poprawe jakości zycia. Nutraceutyki są to skladniki biologicznie aktywne, ktore mogą wystepowac w zywności funkcjonalnej lub oddzielnie, wywierające udokumentowany i korzystny wplyw na zdro wie poprzez ich udzial w procesach metabolicznych. Zasadniczą cechą nutraceutykow jest ich naturalne pochodzenie. Zatem, nutraceutyki to biosubstancje lub ich preparaty wywodzące sie z surowcow pochodzenia zwierzecego, roślinnego i biotechnologicznego, ktore zostaly wytworzone (wyizolowane) z zastosowa niem innowacyjnych technologii. Wśrod najcześciej stosowanych i najbardziej rozpozna nych surowcow do wytwarzania nutraceutykow mozna wymienic m.in.: jaja, siare, pro dukty pszczelarskie, ekstrakty roślin, w tym ziola, owoce itp. Rynek nutraceutykow rozwija sie bardzo dynamicznie. Wśrod szerokiej palety polskich nutraceutykow mozna wymienic: colostrynine (ekstrakt biopeptydow siary), stosowaneą w profilaktyce choroby Alzheimera, ovofosfolipidy zoltka bogate w n-3 kwasy tluszczo- we i witaminy stosowane w rozwijaniu naturalnej odporności i regeneracji organizmu po przebytych chorobach, preparaty aroniowe stosowane w profilaktyce chorob serca oraz calą game preparatow ziolowych. Szczegolnie interesujące są mieszanki nutraceutykow i ich interakcje, zwlaszcza na nośniku zywności funkcjonalnej.

The Spotted Wing Drosophila Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) – Monitoring And First Records In Poland

Abstract The spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) (SWD) monitoring was carried out between 2012-2014 in eight locations. In order to determine the presence of Drosophila suzukii, several types of traps and baits were used. In 2014, Polish (prototype of Drosinal) and Spanish (Cera Trap) traps and baits were used in our study. In each year, traps were placed on the plantations of blueberry, strawberry, raspberry and at a wholesale market at the beginning of July, and monitored once or twice a week until mid-December. During 2012 and 2013 there were no flies of the spotted wing drosophila in traps. First flies of this species were captured in 2014 in two locations: Września (3rd week of October) and Brzezna (1st week of December) – western and southern Poland respectively, in both types of the traps. However, Polish traps were more effective in trapping D. suzukii. In addition, the Polish product has small holes and therefore captures less no target and beneficial insects than Spanish traps. Despite detection of SWD in Poland, damaged fruits were not found.

Holding a Mirror up to Nature? Adapting "The Taming of the Shrew" for Teenagers and Pedagogy

Introduction: The Taming of the Shrew as a Problem(atic) Play Next to The Merchant of Venice, Shakespeare’s The Taming of The Shrew is probably one of the hardest plays to stage/film in the 21 st century due to its misogynist content dressed up in the form of a comedy. Comparing how the recent production in the Stefan Jaracz Theatre (2007-2013), Łodź, Poland, and a Hollywood off-shoot 10 Things I Hate About You (1999) update the play’s gender wars for a specifically teenage audience will show how misguided the Polish production was compared to its Hollywood counterpart. The analysis of critical and audience responses to the two modernisations of the play will further illuminate the discrepancies between Shakespeare criticism, critical reception and audience readings, proving how continually problematic and controversial the play and its theatrical/cinematic incarnations may be. In his Introduction to the play, G.R. Hibbard (1996, 40) notices, as many others before and after him, “The Taming of the Shrew, like The Merchant of Venice, is one of those plays by Shakespeare that some critics rather wish wasn’t by him. Most books on the play record varying degrees of discomfort with what seems to be its rambunctious sexism.” To pinpoint that the theme of gendered inequality at the heart of the play is too heavy and serious for the world of comedy, Charles Marowitz’s appropriation of the play—The Shrew, 1973, shows Petruchio raping Kate before she delivers her final declaration of submission. The idea of dissonance between subject-matter and genre seems to be further supported by a remark by Ann Thompson (2003, 21), who considers it is more appropriate to talk about The Taming as a modern problem play in the light of divided opinions it has generated and continues to generate. When it comes to performance, some contemporary actresses also express their “problem” with the play, finding Katherina’s part especially challenging. For instance, Josie Lawrence (qtd. in O’Connor 276), Kate in the RSC

EPHECT I: European household survey on domestic use of consumer products and development of worst-case scenarios for daily use

Consumer products are frequently and regularly used in the domestic environment. Realistic estimates for product use are required for exposure modelling and health risk assessment. This paper provides significant data that can be used as input for such modelling studies. A European survey was conducted, within the framework of the DG Sanco-funded EPHECT project, on the household use of 15 consumer products. These products are all-purpose cleaners, kitchen cleaners, floor cleaners, glass and window cleaners, bathroom cleaners, furniture and floor polish products, combustible air fresheners, spray air fresheners, electric air fresheners, passive air fresheners, coating products for leather and textiles, hair styling products, spray deodorants and perfumes. The analysis of the results from the household survey (1st phase) focused on identifying consumer behaviour patterns (selection criteria, frequency of use, quantities, period of use and ventilation conditions during product use). This can provide valuable input to modelling studies, as this information is not reported in the open literature. The above results were further analysed (2nd phase), to provide the basis for the development of ‘most representative worst-case scenarios’ regarding the use of the 15 products by home-based population groups (housekeepers and retired people), in four geographical regions in Europe. These scenarios will be used for the exposure and health risk assessment within the EPHECT project. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that daily worst-case scenarios are presented in the scientific published literature concerning the use of a wide range of 15 consumer products across Europe.

Puppets, dogs, and vegetarian angels: ecocriticism in Jakub Krofta's Polish productions

This article explores the work of Czech theatre director Jakub Krofta in the context of ecocriticism. This discussion focuses on Krofta's two productions directed for Polish puppetry theatres and aimed at young audiences: Daszenka (Teatr Lalka, Warsaw, 2011), based on Karel Capek's book, and Pacan – historia o milości (Pacan – a story about love; Wroclawski Teatr Lalek, Wroclaw, 2012). My analysis is framed by Greta Gaard's theories on ecopedagogy (GAARD 2009) and Paul Piris's discussion on co-presence between the puppeteer and the puppet (PIRIS 2014). Building on their work, and combining it with performance analyses of both productions, this article explores how Krofta manages interactive relationships between performers, puppets, and spectators so as to engage his audiences with global discussions relating to human/environment relations. Krofta's works achieve this through their exploration of the problematic status of animals in the contemporary world, invitation the renegotiation of relations between humans and animals, and facilitation of various degrees of engagement for both children and adults.

Bogosian kontra Bogosjan1, czyli Eric Bogosian po polsku

My paper discusses the topic of contemporary American drama and focuses on Eric Bogosian’s solos and their unique genre combination. The object of my analysis is Wake Up and Smell The Coffee, one of the author’s most complex solo shows. The article is an attempt to explain the popularity of Bogosian’s solo plays in Poland and a thorough analysis of its Polish adaptation. The author has analyzed the alterations introduced by the translator, both in terms of composition and selection of texts, and in relation to the (in)fidelity of the adaptation (changes in the structure of the text, familiarization, recreation, substitutions, omissions and additions). The paper investigates the alterations that brought about semantic changes as well as the many controversial choices made by the translator. Further research contrasts the acting styles of Bronisław Wrocławski and Eric Bogosian, both of whom performed in Teatr im. Stefana Jaracza in Łódź in 2004 (“Worst of Bogosian”) Since Bogosian’s solo plays are deeply rooted in the American tradition of stand-up comedy, the author will also look at how the Polish production dealt with an unfamiliar genre.

Addendum to “Nearly Countable Dense Homogeneous Spaces”

This paper provides an addendum to M. Hrusak and J. van Mill “Nearly Countable Dense Homogeneous Spaces.” Canad. J. Math., published online 2013-03-08, http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/ CJM-2013-006-8. It was brought to our attention by Su Gao that the proof of Theorem 5.2 in our paper is incomplete. We are indebted to him for this observation. The aim of this note is to correct this. Theorem 5.2 Let G be a closed subgroup of S∞ and let κ be the number of orbits for the canonical action G × 2N → 2N. Then there is an action of a Polish group H on X = N× [0, 1) such that X has κ H-types of countable dense sets. Proof Let G act on X in the following natural way: (g, (n, t)) 7−→ (g(n), t) for g ∈ G, n ∈ N, t ∈ [0, 1). Put F = { f ∈H (X) : (∀ n ∈ N)( f (n, 0) = (n, 0)) } . Then F is a closed normal subgroup of H (X) and hence is Polish. Moreover, for any two countable dense subsets D and E of N × (0, 1) there exists f ∈ F such that f (D) = E. Treat G also as subgroup of H (X). The Polish semi-direct product group H = G o F acts on X as follows: ((g, f ), x) 7→ ( f ◦ g)(x) for f ∈ F, g ∈ G, x ∈ X. Note that topologically, H = G o F is G× F, but its group operation ∗ is given by (g1, f1) ∗ (g2, f2) = (g1g2, f1g1 f2g 1 ). A typical countable dense subset of X has the form D ∪ A, where D is a countable dense subset of N× (0, 1), and A ⊆ N× {0}. By identifying P(N× {0}) and 2N in the standard way, it is clear that we get what we want. Centro de Ciencias Matematicas, UNAM, A.P. 61-3, Xangari, Morelia, Michoacan, 58089, Mexico e-mail: michael@matmor.unam.mx Faculty of Sciences, Department of Mathematics, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081a, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands e-mail: j.van.mill@vu.nl Received by the editors October 28, 2013. Published electronically November 7, 2013. The first author was supported by a PAPIIT grant IN 102311 and CONACyT grant 177758. The second author is pleased to thank the Centro de Ciencias Matematicas at Morelia for generous hospitality and support. AMS subject classification: 54H05, 03E15, 54E50.

Opportunities and barriers to development of biofuels for transport in poland - experience for Ukraine

The development of the biofuels sector largely depends on the political factors. The European Union decision, concerning the reduction of the share of the 1st generation biocomponents in transport fuels is a threat to the Polish industrial production of biofuels, which is 100 per cent based on the first-generation biofuels. Distilleries, producing bioethanol added to gasoline are particularly at risk. The difficult situation touches the oil pressing plants (esters added to diesel). The hazard primarily affects smaller plants of the biofuel sector. National giants, who intend to invest in the second and third generation biofuels that are not derived from food products are in a slightly better situation.Polish example, which has invested substantial financial resources in the development of the 1st generation biofuels, reaching its highest share in transport fuels in Europe, shows that in the case of Ukraine, the choice of strategy in the production of biofuels should be preceeded by a thorough analysis of the trends that are taking place in the European Union, including Poland. Therefore, there is a need to further study the situation in the EU biofuels, as well as for close scientific cooperation with Polish academics.

APPLICATION OF THE POLYNOMIAL INTERPOLATION METHOD FOR DETERMINING PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF A DIESEL ENGINE

Abstract The article shows the methodology and calculation procedures based on Lagrange polynomial interpolation which were used to determine standard performance characteristics of the Polish production engine, type ANDORIA 4CTi90-1BE6. They allow to simplify the experimental research by maintaining a minimum number of measurement points and estimating the remaining data in an analytical way. The methods presented are convenient when it comes to the practical side because they eliminate the need for exploration of mathematical equations describing the various curves, which can be cumbersome and time consuming in the case of nonautomated accounts. The results of analysis were applied to actual experimental results, indicating sufficient accuracy of the resulting approximations. As a result, procedures may be used in bench testing of a similar profile, especially with repeated cycles of the experiment, such as optimization of operating parameters of combustion engines.