Polish Authors Research Articles

Therapeutic Function of Literary Accounts of the War in Ukraine Addressed to Children

The aim of the article is to analyse children’s books on war, written by Polish and Ukrainian authors, with special emphasis on the war in Ukraine. The starting point for the considerations is the methodology of children’s studies, which is a scientific discipline that places childhood as the subject of in-depth research. The interpretation used current data on psychological problems related to the youngest refugees from Ukraine. Children’s books by Polish authors published in the series Adult Wars – Children’s Stories about the war in Ukraine were analysed, and their indisputable therapeutic functions were indicated. Reading them individually or collectively brings relief to the traumas experienced by Ukrainian children who find themselves in exile in a new, unknown country. At the same time, it teaches compassion and creates empathy for those in need among the youngest Poles. Then, the works from the indicated series were compared with those written at the same time, i. e. from February 2022, by Ukrainian authors. It turned out that they did not take into account the psychological needs of Ukrainian children, promoting primarily patriotic content and focusing on providing knowledge about the homeland in a state of danger. The summary includes a postulate regarding the need to adapt the content and form of the message related to war in children’s literature to the audience of early school age, in such a way that its therapeutic function is fulfilled.

Factors influencing patients' decisions regarding participation in clinical trials: Review of current literature.

Obtaining timely data in clinical trials (CTs) is critical for drug registration. This depends directly on the speed at which patients are recruited. This paper provides an overview of selected scientific works and literature from different countries about patients' motivators and barriers to participating in CTs From 55 articles retrieved from PubMed, 5 were selected for the analysis. Additionally, 6 publications, including 2 by Polish authors, were reviewed. As a result, we identified 10 factors for further investigation: altruism, hope for personal benefit, access to better care, the role of a doctor, the opinions of close friends or relatives, financial compensation, side effects, the patient's role as a guinea pig, effort and time, and the use of placebo. Regardless of the therapeutic area, health status, study phase, country, geographic area, economic situation, or healthcare system, patients indicated very similar reasons when deciding to participate in a CT. Even if patients as a group had similar motives and concerns, there are individual elements or unusual factors that need to be better understood and evaluated to accelerate the recruitment process in order to avoid certain drugs or therapies being overlooked or underestimated. In this way, investigators can help patients make the best decisions and more effectively support the process of registering a new drug. Future research on factors influencing patients' decisions is still necessary: We do not know how the COVID-19 pandemic may have influenced patient motivation, how new regulations on CTs are changing patients' perceptions of CTs, and what may be important depending on the study, country, therapeutic area and other factors.

Philosophical foundations of worldview conflict within Western thought in the conservative perspective

Abstract: In the face of growing conflicts in Western societies and the formation of deep political, ideological and worldview divisions within Western civilization, it becomes legitimate to ask whether we are not witnessing ongoing culture wars? The observed intensifying social dichotomies do not touch only the issue of political sympathies or antipathies, but concern almost all aspects of human life: the concept of nation, attitude to religion, family model, approach to sexuality and even the existence of gender. The purpose of this article is to trace the conservative style of thinking in the context of the culture war, to distinguish the elements of common concepts within this philosophical tradition, as well as the peculiarities of each of the selected authors. The paper has the following order: an introduction devoted to the origins of modern conservatism, allowing to outline the conceptual framework of this style of thinking. It is hypothesized that modern British conservatism arose in response to events associated with the collapse of socialism in Poland and Czechoslovakia, while the philosophical development of Polish conservative thought is inspired by Anglo-Saxon publications. In the first part, the thought of British conservative philosophy on the phenomenon of culture war is described on the example of Roger Scruton's philosophy, and then compared with American authors Allan Bloom and Gertrude Himmelfarb. The second part of the article is devoted to two Polish authors who have dealt extensively with the subject of culture war – Agnieszka Kolakowska and Anna Pawczynska. Finally, the conservative interpretation of the culture war is compared with the liberal and left-wing interpretations in order to point out the links, connections, as well as differences between them.

Cross-cultural encounters in Polish and Russian travelogues about colonial Indonesia, 1870s-1910s

This article explores cross-cultural encounters and identities discourses in selected Polish and Russian travelogues about the Netherlands East Indies. Poles and Russians could travel to the Netherlands East Indies thanks to advantages afforded Europeans by the colonial system. Their occupations (for example, a privileged tourist, colonial scientist, diplomat) often made them suitable imperial agents. They defined themselves as Europeans but, as Eastern Europeans, they occupied an ambiguous position: Russians came from a land-based, economically backward “empire of the periphery“ (Boris Kagarlitsky 2008); Poles came from a semi-peripheral European nation subjected to foreign rule and, from their common experience of subjugation, some Polish authors were able to sympathize with the colonized peoples. Hence, a comparative approach leads to various insights into representations of colonial Indonesia.

„Literatūros lankai“: dialogas su lenkų poetais

The article explores the translations of Polish literary publications in the Lithuanian Exile Literature Magazine Literaturos Lankai (Literary Folios, during the period 1952–1959). Like many of its contemporaries, Literaturos Lankai expanded the scope of foreign literature in its pages through translations. The staff of the magazine continued the Lithuanian tradition by presenting Polish poets related to Lithuania: Czesław Milosz (1911–2004) and Julian Tuwim (1894–1953). New readers were introduced to the poetry of the Polish exile Jerzy Pietrkewicz (Peterkiewicz) (1916–2007) whose writings so far have been almost not translated into Lithuanian. In exile, translator Juozas Kėkštas (1915–1981) played a pivotal role in disseminating of Milosz’s highlighting his multifaceted talents as a poet, prose writer, and literary critic. Milosz offers to break out of the feelings and impressions in Chalk Circle poetry, seeking a language that reflects epic consciousness and new forms of expression. The works of Polish authors published in Literatūros Lankai reflect the ‘pulse of the time’, revealing a disturbed lyrical subject and an ongoing quest for new artistic forms. The translations of Polish literature strengthened the literary and cultural connections between Lithuania and Poland.

Rare Polonica at the Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, University of Toronto

This article describes a collection of rare Polonica, numbering over five hundred books, pamphlets, manuscripts, and prints and engravings, donated to the Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library in 2001 by Karol Godlewski and his family. The donor’s uncle, Count Emeryk Hutten Czapski (1897–1979), assembled the extraordinary collection. The material includes works written, edited, or translated by Polish authors. The publication dates range from 1505 to the mid-1970s, with two hundred titles predating 1801. The subject matter ranges from texts written by Terence and Plutarch to biographies of Polish kings, details of famous battles, and poetry. There are also etchings of Polish personages, palaces, landscapes, or battle scenes, many of artistic importance.

Translation of Scientific Texts into English as Intercultural Mediation

With English functioning as a lingua franca in the academic world, many non-Anglophone scholars wish to publish their articles in English-medium international journals and seek professional assistance with translating them into English. Translators facing this task may encounter several issues stemming from cross-cultural differences in the style and structure of academic texts. While linguistic errors alone rarely result in rejections, deviations from Anglo–American conventions in scientific writing may even lead to the reviewers questioning the author’s competence as a scientist. For example, there are significant differences between two intellectual traditions: Teutonic, which has influenced the Polish style of academic communication, and Saxonic, which has shaped Anglo–American standards. As a result, introductions written by Polish scholars often do not meet the requirements of English-medium international journals. This may inadvertently place Polish authors in a disadvantaged position. It is therefore important that translators should know how to approach these differences when they encounter them. Drawing on existing literature, this paper calls for an inquiry into the role of the translator in these circumstances, including the scope of their responsibilities and strategies for dealing with potential problems.

Health-saving technologies as a need and lifestyle of Ukrainians.

Aim: The article analyzes the health-saving technologies of Ukrainians in Eastern Galicia (the end of the XIX century - 1939). Materials and Methods: In the investigation a number of scientific methods are used: chronological, historical, specific-search, content analysis, providing selection, analysis of the source base, allowing to identify general trends, directions of development, achievements and gaps in the movement for the health of children and adults in Galicia; sources of Ukrainian and Polish authors of different generations in the field of health protection and preservation, physical education and sports, education and upbringing were used, their views and research results were presented. Conclusions: A component of the health-saving philosophy of Ukrainians (children, youth and adults) of Eastern Galicia in the late XIX - 30s of the XX century was the idea of physical education. Through traveling and camping, playing sports, improving children, youth and adults in places of active recreation (≪dwellings,≫ ≪half-dwellings,≫ ≪cuttings,≫ etc.), the philosophy of health conservation took a leading position in the interwar period of the XX century. The physical education movement had particular successes when a wide circle of Ukrainian youth joined it. There was an original Plast method of physical education of a Ukrainian - physically, spiritually, morally, mentally healthy person, for whom health preservation is a way and philosophy of life, a vital need. All this actualizes the problem of health-oriented public initiatives, which should be creatively used in the current challenges in Ukraine.

Модернізм в українській літературі кінця ХІХ – початку ХХ століття: польсько-український контекст

The article analyzes modernism in the Ukrainian literature of the late 19th and early 20th century in the context of Polish-Ukrainian literary and cultural contacts. The impact of Kraków modernism on the artistic strivings in Ukrainian literature is scrutinized in depth. The author analyzed the works by Ukrainian writers, particularly Vasyl Stefanyk, published and discussed in the Kraków-based magazine Życie. Ukrainian writers, like Lesia Ukrainka, Bohdan Lepky, and others attempted to analyze Polish modern literature in their literary-critical articles, thus promoting the development of new directions in Ukrainian literary life. The subject of the research are the literary articles by Ivan Franko, Zenon Przesmycki (Miriam), Lesia Ukrainka, Stanisław Przybyszewski, Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky, Olha Kobylianska, Waclaw Moraczewski, and others. Mutual translations and critical speeches of Ukrainian and Polish authors boosted the enrichment of the cultures of both nations at that time. Artistic explorations of the above writers and literary scholars were significant contributions to European modernism.

Pamiętniki i listy polskich autorów z Ziem Zabranych (Litwa, Białoruś, Ukraina) w XIX stuleciu. Uwagi na marginesie zakończonych dwu projektów Narodowego Programu Rozwoju Humanistyki – perspektywy badań źródłowych

The article presents the characteristics and summary of the results of research conducted in the years 2013–2019 by an international team of historians at Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, as part of two scientific projects under the program of the National Program for the Development of Humanities. Their goal was to catalog and compile the handwritten diaries and letters of Polish authors from the Western Krai in the 19th century, and to conduct research on the image of Polish exiles in Western Siberia in the second half of the 18th and in the 19th century in the eyes of Russians and the Siberian population. Source queries conducted in numerous domestic and foreign archival and library collections (Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Lithuania, France, England) allowed to catalog over 5,000 handwritten and printed diaries and letters of Polish authors from the Western Krai and connected to this area. These studies drew attention to the scale of the problem in terms of the availability of source documentation on the above topics and the possibility of obtaining it, and indicated the need to continue this research, paying particular attention to the source and editorial aspects.

Z dziejów przyjaźni polsko-ormiańskiej

FROM THE HISTORY OF POLISH-ARMENIAN FRIENDSHIP: THE CASE OF MARIA GROCHOLSKA (1917-1989)
 Maria Grocholska (1917-1989) played a significant role in Polish-Armenian cultural relations during the Soviet era. Born in St. Petersburg to a Polish family, she studied Russian philology and Armenian philology in Leningrad. Her studies continued in Yerevan from 1940 to 1945, and from 1945 to 1948 she worked there as Professor Gurgen Sewak’s assistant. After abandoning the completion of her doctoral studies, she worked in primary and secondary schools in Armenia, where she taught Russian and Armenian. From 1955 to 1960, she taught Russian at the Academy of Theology in Etchmiadzin. She was a fervent advocate of the Armenian language during the Russification era. In 1962, she translated into Armenian Bohdan Gębarski’s essay on the Armenian genocide in the Ottoman Empire, titled List do starego tureckiego znajomego [A Letter to an Old Turkish Acquaintance], which resonated widely in Armenia. She also translated several literary works by Polish authors into Armenian, including Stanisław Lem’s well-known novel Solaris. She moved to Poland in 1969, where she taught Russian at a high school in Grodzisk Mazowiecki and assisted Bohdan Gębarski in translating literature from Armenian. Grocholska died in Warsaw. In March 1989, a solemn memorial service was held in Etchmiadzin in her honor performed by Catholicos Vazgen I.

Miłość, wybaczenie i ofiara. Obraz chrześcijaństwa w komiksowych wersjach Quo vadis


 
 
 
 Quo Vadis, thanks to its plot structure, favours transformations – even into comic books, where the image of Christianity as an important aspect of the story is challenging to depict. It is therefore worth determining how religious issues are manifested in comic books related to the novel and how the culture in which they were conceived affected them. I reflect on the image of Christianity, recognising religion as a personal experience of each individual (W. James), especially one of love, forgiveness, and sacrifice. These values were given more attention by the Polish writers, and in both adaptations, the sequences and frames were formulated differently, they differed in terms of composition (different perspectives, plans, and use of text), and finally, both offered different interpretations of Sienkiewicz’s novel. The authors of the French adaptation read the book as a vibrant, adventure-history-love story, while the Polish authors saw it as a story dedicated to a moment in history in which one world ends and another one begins, as a new religion emerges. These interpretations confirm that culture plays an important role in how literary works are adapted into the comic book format.
 
 
 

Food Symbolism and Imagery in the Polish Translations of William Shakespeare’s The Merry Wives of Windsor

The paper presents Polish equivalents of William Shakespeare’s food vocabulary based on The Merry Wives of Windsor. The analysis entails all Polish versions of the comedy, both its nineteenth-century renditions and contemporary post-war readings. The research aims to demonstrate how the lexical choices of Polish authors affect the interpretation of the play; in particular, it seeks to answer the question of how the imagery and symbolism of Shakespeare’s food vocabulary were altered in the process of translation.

‘Windscheid steht Paulus in nichts nach, und ist dabei für uns viel mehr wert als jener’

Summary ‘Windscheid is in no way inferior to Paul, and in this he is worth much more to us than Paul’ – on Stanisław Wróblewski’s treatment of Pandectistics. – In his home country Poland Stanisław Wróblewski (1868–1938) is unanimously numbered among the jurists of the first rank in the extant literature on legal historiography. He is considered to be ‘the Polish Roman lawyer about whom the most has been written’. The admiration for Wróblewski’s scholarly oeuvre among Polish authors even goes as far as that he is often referred to as the ‘Polish Papinian’ in local literature. He is appreciated on the one hand for his expertise as a jurist and, on the other hand, for his mastery of the art of legal thought and argumentation, and finally for the depth of his legal analysis. In the context of this contribution, however, only the question of his relationship to the pandectism, including in particular his relationship to the university teaching of modern Roman law (pandect law), will be examined in more detail. Wróblewski is repeatedly associated with pandectism in legal historical literature. After all, he argued in favour of the continuation of Pandect lectures (pandect law), after the year 1900, i.e. even as the great epoch of pandectism was already drawing to a close. For this purpose, four texts from the years 1894 to 1916, in which Wróblewski explicitly addressed the problem of the relationship to pandectism or to modern Roman law (pandect law), will be analyzed in more detail.

Trans-Curzonia and border people. Ukrainians deported from Poland in Contemporary Ukrainian and Polish literature

This article analyses the image of the contemporary Polish-Ukrainian borderland in Ukrainian literature, and for a comparative context, works by Polish writers are also included. The literary representation of Trans-Curzonia as a special border area, the ethnic borderland where Ukrainians lived before the deportation actions in 1940–1950, is examined. It is argued that the literary topographyof this area is the main focus of Polish authors, especially Andrzej Stasiuk. Above all, it is a space at the intersection of cultures and time, which exists somewhat separately and according to its own specific rules. It was noted that in the prose of the Ukrainian novelist Vasyl Makhno, the main themes are the community of deported Ukrainians and their lost ideal place (home) and nostalgia. In journalism, the main actors have been the communities of Ukrainians who remained in Poland and the witnesses and descendants of those deported in “Operation Vistula”.

A Preliminary Bibliography of Polish Publications Concerning the Dead Sea Scrolls (from 1947 to the Spring of 2022)

This publication presents a preliminary bibliography of material on the Dead Sea Scrolls for the years 1947–2022 (spring), which includes only Polish authors’ works which were published. The bibliography has been divided into four parts. The first part gives a list of recent Polish bibliographies, the second one contains monographs and collective works, the third one comprises book chapters and articles appearing in collective works, and the fourth part – papers published in periodicals. The entire work is preceded by a list of abbreviations.

Polish Press on the Armenian Genocide in 1991-2018

Key words: the Armenians, Turkey, Poland, Yeghern, massacre, newspaper, recognition, condemnation The article prօvides a comprehensive analysis of the coverage of the Armenian Genocide in the Polish press in 1990-2018. Polish newspapers with the highest rating and reputation were selected for the research. The study illustrates that the Polish press sympathizes with the just demand of the Armenian people, emphasizing the need to recognize and condemn the crime. In many articles, Polish authors draw parallels between the tragic pages in the history of Armenians and Poles, highlighting the need to condemn such crimes in order to avoid similar cases in the future. The framing of the Armenian Genocide has shifted over time in relation to the changing political and social context in Poland. If in the 1990s the moral imperative to recognize the genocide was mainly discussed, then in the 2000s calls for the civilized world to put pressure on Turkey and force it to face the criminal pages of its own history became noticeable. In many articles, the coverage became more critical because of Turkey’s policy of denial. Additionally, the issue of recognition of the Genocide by other countries is analyzed in the context of international political issues. Particularly active discussions are being held in the Polish press about the adoption of a resolution condemning the Armenian Genocide by the Sejm of Poland in 2005, then in 2015 in the lead-up to the centennial anniversary of the Armenian Genocide.

Motywy matematyczne na frontyspisach siedemnastowiecznego polskiego piśmiennictwa techniczno-wojskowego

This article aims to analyze (from autopsy) mathematical motifs in the frontispieces to selected seventeenth-century Polish technical-military treatises (by Adam Freytag, Kazimierz Siemienowicz and Józef Naronowicz-Naroński). The frontispiece is considered here an iconographic source for the history of science and technology. The rationale for investigating this topic is the process of the progressive mathematization of technical knowledge in Europe in the 15th-18th centuries. It is the first study of this subject with regard to Polish technical-military writing. Only one other article is devoted to this issue (Delphine Schreuder, When Mars Meets Euclid. The Relationship between War and Mathematical Sciences in Frontispecies of Fortification Treatises, 2021), but it does not cover the works of Polish authors. There are also several general studies (mainly in art or architectural history) on frontispieces to fortification treaties (Armin Schlechter, Engraved Title Pages of Fortification Manuals, 2014, Jeroen Goudeau, Harnessed Heroes: Mars, the Title-page, and the Dutch Stadtholders, 2016). The analysis of the typographic compositions of the discussed frontispieces revealed three main motifs: 1. the connection between the art of war and mathematical knowledge, as far as the knowledge of fortification and artillery is concerned; 2. the degree to which those disciplines - both of which combine the practice of the battlefield with theory - were mathematicized; 3. the crucial importance of drafting and measuring instruments for these sciences. The article’s final section addresses the issue of the rhetorical and persuasive function of the frontispieces.

„Prze-pisywanie” w literaturze najnowszej

Retelling and reinterpreting myths is one of the most popular literary devices of feminist criticism. In the anthology Ziarno granatu Polish authors reinterpreted individual Greek myths. The (re)telling of well-known myths from the female perspective emphasized the oppressive nature of these tales, showing how women were overlooked and discriminated against. The stories included in the anthology point to the timelessness of the issues of Greek myths, and the authors of the works indicate the correlations between ancient stories and contemporary Poland.

Nephrology Before Nephrology in Poland.

It was in the 1950s that nephrology crystallized as an independent specialty out of internal medicine. However, references to modern nephrology appeared in the works of doctors much earlier. Some researchers consider Hippocrates to be the father of clinical nephrology, while John Merrill is widely regarded as a specialty founder of modern nephrology. The situation is similar in Poland, where early references to urinary tract diseases appeared in medieval works of Polish authors. Poland's first clinic of nephrology, established in Wrocław in 1958, was managed by Zdzisław Wiktor. During the European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association and International Association for the History of Nephology congresses, Polish authors presented precursors of nephrology, including Thomas of Wrocław, Simon Sirenius, Samuel Goldflam, Józef Dietl, Jędrzej Śniadecki, Marceli Landsberg, and Witold and Tadeusz Orłowski. This article focuses on late 19th and early 20th century giants who contributed to the development of nephrology in Poland. The period discussed covers memorable milestones in the history of Poland, ranging from the long-term Russian, Prussian, and Austro-Hungarian annexation through World War 1, after which the country regained its independence, to World War 2. These scientists represented clinical medicine and basic sciences, such as pathologic anatomy, physiology, and physiologic chemistry, and came from 3 different regions of Poland. Professor Tadeusz Browicz was associated with the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Professor Anastazy Landau worked in Warsaw, and Stefan Dąbrowski represented the University of Poznań. Although based on the cooperation with European universities, their works were published in Polish, preventing them from gaining wide recognition in the European medical community of the time. Therefore, presenting their achievements to a wider group of historians after such a long time seems justified.