Policy Suggestions Research Articles

Analyzing the Determinants of Trade Balance: An Empirical Investigation of Indonesia's Economic Dynamics

The study investigates the determinants of Indonesia's trade balance focusing on five key factors: money supply, foreign direct investment, exchange rate, carbon dioxide emissions, and government expenditure. Utilizing secondary time-series data from 1990 to 2022 and employing vector error correction model analysis, the research reveals significant insights. In the short term, only the money supply notably influences trade balances, while the other factors show no significant impact. However, in the long term, foreign direct investment, exchange rate, carbon dioxide emissions, and government expenditure positively affect the trade balance, with the money supply displaying an insignificant impact. The study's conclusions offer policy suggestions to address these findings. These suggestions include putting policies in place to lower carbon emissions and encourage sustainable growth, making sure government funding for sustainable development initiatives is used effectively, luring foreign direct investment, keeping exchange rates stable, and being cautious when controlling the money supply to preserve price stability. The objective of these recommendations is to improve Indonesia's trade balance sustainability. However, the analysis admits its limitations in not accounting for all macroeconomic factors, such as GDP, interest rates, and industrial production, that affect trade balance. Notwithstanding these drawbacks, the study provides insightful information to help policymakers develop plans for enhancing the dynamics of Indonesia's trade balance.

Digital leadership and innovative work behavior: impact of LMX, learning orientation and innovation capabilities

PurposeGrounded in the Social Exchange theory, this study focuses on the perception of digital leadership and innovative work behaviors. It also examines the complex effects of leader-member exchange, learning orientation, and innovation capabilities.Design/methodology/approachWe undertake a quantitative approach using a two-wave longitudinal field survey of 440 employees and managers from various backgrounds working in the automobile industry in France.FindingsThe findings based on Structural Equation Modeling reveal that the perception of digital leadership leads to innovative work behavior while leader-member exchange moderates between the perception of digital leadership and learning orientation. The findings also support the mediating roles of learning orientation and innovation capabilities.Originality/valueThe study contributes important policy suggestions, raises queries for additional investigation, and suggests theoretical and practical implications for leadership and organizational environmental factors to foster innovative work behaviors in organizations.

Evaluation and Regional Differences of Urban Green Development in Henan Province

As an extension of ecological concepts, urban green development has gradually become a new bridge for various countries or regions to achieve sustainable development. Based on the panel data of 17 cities in Henan Province, China from 2007 to 2022, this article uses the entropy method to measure the green development level of cities in Henan Province, and uses the Dagum Gini coefficient method to analyze the green development differences between cities. The results show that: first, urban green development in Henan Province is generally at a lower-middle level and tends to be balanced. Second, there are obvious regional gaps in urban green development in Henan Province. Third, inter-regional disparity is the main reason for the differential distribution of urban green development levels in Henan Province. In order to promote the improvement of urban green level and narrow the spatial development gap in Henan Province, this study puts forward corresponding policy suggestions from the aspects of green investment, green technology innovation, industrial structure upgrading and green life. This also provides reference for other less developed regions in China to achieve balanced urban green development.

Empirical Study on the Influence of the Level of Digital Economy on the Development of Green Economy

Based on the data of Anhui Province from 2011-2018, the article uses entropy value method and super-efficient SBM model to measure the digital economy level and green economy efficiency of each province in the calendar year respectively and analyze them. The DF GMM model is constructed to conduct empirical research on the impact of digital economy level on green economy efficiency. The results of the study show that the development of digital economy in present Anhui Province can effectively improve the efficiency of green economy. Accordingly, policy suggestions are put forward to strengthen the digital economy to empower the green economy, control the increment of economic growth, control the size of the city, and adhere to the strategy of opening up to the outside world.

Enhancing Health Capital and Promoting Common Prosperity from the Perspective of Emerging Technologies

Achieving common prosperity is the essential requirement of socialism with Chinese characteristics and requires promoting social fairness and justice by improving the health level of the entire population. Health capital plays a crucial role in personal development, social mobility, and economic growth. However, health disparities among different groups also constrain income distribution and social mobility. In the process of building a healthy China, emerging technologies have provided new paths for narrowing health inequalities and improving health capital. This paper first analyzes how inequality in health capability affects social mobility and then explores the application of emerging technologies such as internet healthcare, artificial intelligence, wearable devices, and genetic technology in promoting public health. It also presents practical cases to demonstrate the positive role of these technologies in improving medical efficiency and quality. In terms of theoretical foundation, the paper comprehensively applies theories of human capital, social stratification, and public economics, striving to deepen the understanding of the relationship between health and common prosperity from an interdisciplinary perspective. Finally, policy suggestions are put forward in terms of optimizing fiscal expenditure structure, improving health insurance, and incentivizing health promotion. The challenges and countermeasures that may be faced in policy implementation are also discussed. Narrowing the health gap requires leveraging the empowering role of emerging technologies, optimizing health investment structure, and improving policy systems while adhering to the concept of co-construction and sharing. This will ultimately enable the entire population to share the fruits of healthy development and provide a health foundation for promoting common prosperity.

Research on the Impact Effect of Digital Finance on the Development of Low Carbon Economy

The report of the 20th Party Congress pointed out that “promoting the greening and low-carbonization of economic and social development is the key link to achieve high-quality development”, and steadily promoting carbon peak and carbon neutral work is the proper meaning of promoting the development of low-carbon economy. Digital finance, as a fusion of digital technology and financial business, can form a long-term mechanism of governance of pollution, so the study of the impact of digital finance on the development of China's low-carbon economy has certain theoretical value and practical significance. Based on the panel dataset of 30 provinces from 2011 to 2021, this paper constructs a benchmark regression model and a mediation effect model to analyze the impact effect of digital finance on the development of low-carbon economy, and based on the theoretical analysis and the empirical results, it provides referable policy suggestions for promoting the development of low-carbon economy.

Study on the Trade Effects of China’s FDI in ASEAN Countries under the RCEP Framework

As a developing country with the world’s highest foreign direct investment, China’s FDI to ASEAN will have an impact on trade between the two countries, helping to clarify the mechanism for China-ASEAN economic and trade cooperation and exploring ways to strengthen China-ASEAN economic and trade cooperation. Thus, using panel data from 2012 to 2020, this paper investigates the impact of FDI between China and ASEAN on trade volume. The findings indicate that China's direct investment in ASEAN has a significant negative impact on trade scale, specifically the trade substitution effect. Under the RCEP framework, the importance of ASEAN's position in China's foreign economic and trade cooperation network has become increasingly prominent. On this basis, it puts forward policy suggestions such as training corresponding talents, deepening structural adjustment, strengthening government guidance, and expanding correct cognition.

The Impact Mechanism and Promotion Path of Digital Economy on the High-Quality Development of Industrial Chains in Anhui Province

The integration of digital technology and the real economy has become an inevitable trend in today’s economic development. This paper aims to explore the impact mechanism and promotion path of the digital economy on the high-quality development of industrial chains in Anhui Province. By analyzing the current situation of digital economy development in Anhui Province, this paper discusses the role of digital technology in promoting the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, and puts forward some policy suggestions for promoting the high-quality development of industrial chains in Anhui Province.

Selling Who You Know: How We Justify Sharing Others’ Data

AbstractMany apps request access to users’ contacts or photos and many consumers agree to these requests. However, agreeing is ethically questionable as it also gives apps access to others’ data. People thus regularly infringe each other’s information privacy. This behavior is at odds with offline practices and still poorly understood. Introducing a novel application of the theory of neutralization, we explore how people justify the giving away of others’ data and the emerging norms surrounding this behavior. To obtain a deeper understanding of the potentially ambiguous norms surrounding the behavior, we investigate how people justify, i.e., neutralize, the behavior from both offender and victim perspectives. Across four studies, offenders appear more likely to admit to moral wrongdoing than victims assume. This suggests moral disagreement between offenders and victims. The discrepancy appears to be reasonably robust across different samples, apps and whether the other is identified, but diminishes when people learn how easily others’ data could be protected. These insights offer suggestions for businesses, consumers and public policy.

The Role of Stigma and Confidentiality in Police Officer Utilization of Stress Relief Programs

Police officers face challenges from operational and organizational stressors. Officers often have access to stress relief programs offered by their employers, such as peer support programs, employee assistance programs, or chaplaincy programs. Using survey data from 247 police officers in a large metropolitan agency in CA, this exploratory study examines police officers’ likelihood to utilize stress relief programs (SRPs) based on prior utilization, perceived stigma, and confidentiality of the process. Additionally, officer selection of program is assessed. Findings illustrate that officer utilization of SRPs is negatively influenced by perceived coworker stigma, while supervisor stigma was not influential. Belief in the confidentiality of the program and prior utilization of an SRP is positively associated with SRP utilization. In terms of selecting a specific SRP, only prior utilization was found to be a factor. Suggestions for department policy to promote utilization and confidentiality and reduce stigma are discussed.

Research on subject behavior choice of marine carbon sink projects under risk conditions

Marine carbon sink projects are important carriers for the development and utilization of marine carbon sink resources. The risk factors existing in the development process of marine carbon sink projects will significantly affect the behavior of the project subject, and then affect whether or not the project development can be conducted smoothly. Based on the evolutionary game method, this paper analyzes the behavior choice of each project subject under the risk condition, and explores the influencing factors that promote the change of its action probability. The results show the following: (1) Government subsidies can promote the development of marine carbon sink projects, but when the subsidies are too large, the government’s willingness decreases, which may lead to significant changes in the decisions of relevant practitioners. (2) The government pays more attention to image improvement, is not sensitive to risks, and always chooses active subsidies. In the case that the risk poses a great threat to the project, the behavior strategies of the relevant practitioners and investors will influence each other, and both sides will determine the behavior strategies that can obtain more returns according to the other side’s behavior decision. (3) The behavior of relevant practitioners and investors has an impact on the strategy of the demander. When the risk increases, the former has a greater impact on the demander’s choice not to buy marine carbon sink. Relevant policy suggestions are put forward: (1) the government should flexibly adjust the subsidy mechanism; (2) the government should enhance the influence and popularity of marine carbon sink projects; and (3) the government should reduce the risks faced by the practitioners.

The parents’ internet use and children’s extracurricular tutoring class participation

The educational burden from extracurricular tutoring class has become a pressing social issue in China. This study used data from the China family panel studies (CFPS) in 2014, 2016, and 2018 to empirically analyze the impact of Internet usage on children’s participation in extracurricular tutoring class. There are many factors that influence parents’ decisions to enroll their children in extracurricular tutoring class. These factors include family income status, the level of importance parents place on their children’s education, the marginal returns on educational investment, academic pressure, etc. However, in today’s digitalized society, the widespread use of the internet will also become an important influencing factor in parents’ decisions regarding educational investment. The study finds that, parents by using the Internet significantly increase the probability of enrolling their children in extracurricular tutoring class. Through mechanism regression analysis, it is concluded that internet usage has a positive influence on parents enrolling their children in extracurricular tutoring class by increasing the frequency of social interaction and raising parents’ educational expectations for their children. Based on the empirical results, the following policy suggestions were proposed: 1. Schools should establish a more comprehensive after-school education service system to improve the engagement of students in compulsory education; 2. The government can enhance the accessibility and optimization of educational resources by increasing investment in education, improving the quality of in-school education, and optimizing the management and supervision of extracurricular tutoring class. This ensures that students can access high-quality educational services.

Towards a cleaner and sustainable Europe and Central Asia: An investigation of the logistics‐environment nexus

AbstractThe logistics industry is the backbone of global trade and is crucial for the attainment of economic progress across the world. However, the industry involves activities that increase the consumption of energy resources including fossil fuels, which harms the environment. Thus, with a special focus on Europe and Central Asia, this study explores the logistics‐environment by evaluating the impact of logistics performance (LP) on environmental performance (EP) while controlling for key macroeconomic indicators such as income, trade openness, foreign direct investment, and industrialization. The motivation for this study is derived from the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs‐11 and 13) which highlight sustainability and climate change mitigation. Using Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood with high‐dimensional fixed effects (PPMLHDFE) for 47 European and Central Asian countries over the period 2007–2018, the findings revealed that the overall logistic performance, and some of its components—customs, trade, and transport infrastructure, and tracing and tracking have a significant positive impact on the overall EP, environmental health, and ecosystem vitality. Additionally, the study confirms the detrimental effects of economic growth, trade, and industrialization on environmental quality and health from logistics and supply chain management (SCM) perspectives. Further policy caveats and suggestions are elucidated in the concluding section.

Intermodal travel planning and decision support integrated with transportation and energy systems

The fast urbanization in China makes it all the more important to find sustainable solutions that are both comprehensive and energy-efficient. Because of its important role in lowering logistical expenses and pollutant emissions, intermodal transport is generally seen as an effective method of coordinating transportation operations, helping to address the growing economic and environmental issues. Considering the characteristics of a growing city, this article lays out a multi-criteria method for selecting which new initiatives for China's public transportation system should be prioritized. “Electric municipality bus,” “light rail system,” and “modernization to the current fleet and optimization” are the three enhancement initiatives that are outlined. Using transportation-related economic, social, and environmental sub-criteria, this research applies TOPSIS, an analytic hierarchy method and fuzzy approach for order preference by resemblance to ideal circumstance application, to prioritize transportation projects. The study aims to improve city life in Chongqing, China, by identifying the most environmentally friendly development projects. Applying the analytical hierarchy method (AHP), the relative importance of several sustainability criteria was established for use in making strategic decisions. The alternative projects for the given city have been ranked using the fuzzy TOPSIS approach. However, the investigated results show the supportive response of hybrid to environmental sustainability and vice versa for non-hybrid vehicles. However, the energy consumption in public transport remains a leading hurdle in sustainability across the three modes of transport: taxis, rail transit and buses. Finally, computer trains in public transport also surprisingly deal with environmental sustainability to keep the current & forthcoming generation from ecological harm. However, theoretical and empirical policy suggestions have been proposed to become clean & green shortly.

A Study on Development Disparities in Central Papua Province: Assessing Per Capita Income Disparities and Recommending Equitable Development Strategies

This research is a study of development disparities between regions in Central Papua Province which aims to (1) know and analyze disparities in per capita income between regions in Central Papua Province; and (2) analyze and prepare recommendations regarding efforts to overcome development disparities between regions in Central Papua Province. Data and information gathered from various regions undergo processing and examination through quantitative and qualitative methods. These approaches encompass evaluating factors like per capita income, employment across sectors, savings rates, urbanization levels, literacy rates, life expectancy, infant mortality rates, along with offering policy suggestions based on research outcomes. The data utilized is sourced from governmental bodies like BPS, Bappeda, Dispenda, as well as non-governmental institutions such as Bank Indonesia. Research analysis involves growth assessment, disparity examination, and descriptive statistical analysis. The result shows that over the past decade (2013-2022), there has been significant economic inequality among districts/cities within Central Papua Province region, indicating unequal economic growth across regions. Efforts that need to be made by Regency/City Governments in Central Papua Province are to improve the performance of community welfare aspects which are considered capable of driving equitable development in each region

Unlocking the path to environmental sustainability: navigating economic policy uncertainty, ICT, and environmental taxes for a sustainable future.

The study aims to gauge the impact of economic policy uncertainty, ICT, and environmental tax on environmental sustainability, which is measured by carbon emission and ecological footprint in a panel of 22 nations from 1997 to 2021. The present study has implemented the advanced panel data estimation techniques, including continuously updated fully modified (CUP-FM) and continuously updated bias-corrected (CUP-BC), dynamic seemingly unrelated regressions (DSUR), and nonlinear autoregressive distributed lagged (NARDL) in documenting the elasticities of target variables. Moreover, the directional causality has been tested through the D-H causality test. Study findings documented a positive and statistically significant linkage between EPU and environmental degradation. That is, EPU amplifies the emission of CO2 and ecological instability. The effects of ET and ICT are positively associated with environmental sustainability; that is, ET and ICT control the emission of CO2 and bring ecological improvement. This study contributes to the existing body of literature by conducting a thorough analysis of the relationship between various factors and their impact on environmental degradation. The study emphasizes the significance of every factor in influencing environmental outcomes. It provides policy suggestions to reduce CO2 emissions and promote ecological sustainability. The findings add valuable insights to the ongoing conversation about how to tackle environmental challenges in our constantly evolving world.

The role of BRICS countries in the optimal low-carbon transition path for sustainable development

With the development of industrialization, greenhouse gas emissions caused by human activities, especially carbon dioxide emissions, continue to increase. The BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) account for a significant share of global carbon emissions. This study focuses on the BRICS countries as the subject of inquiry, employing carbon emission-related data spanning the temporal range from 2000 to 2020. This study systematically assesses the interrelationships among variables using the Pearson correlation analysis and Granger causality test. Variables exhibiting pronounced correlation and causality, as discerned from the analytical outcomes, are subsequently identified and selected for further examination. Use the GCAM (Global Change Assessment Model) to simulate the Rcp-ref scenario (baseline scenario) and the Rcp2.6 scenario (assuming that the temperature will not rise by 2 °C), and compare the optimal paths of key variables in the two scenarios, and draw the following conclusions. (1) By the end of this century, the total carbon emissions of the BRICS countries under Rcp2.6 scenario will be 6139MTC less than those under Rcp-ref scenario. (2) Compared with the Rcp-ref scenario, in the Rcp2.6 scenario, the proportion of fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas, and coal in the main energy consumption significantly reduces, while the proportion of renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, and biomass increases. It is worth noting that the proportion of nuclear is significantly rising. (3) The demand for electricity increases significantly in the Rcp2.6 scenario. This study reveals the specific directions for improving the energy structure of BRICS countries to achieve the global average temperature rise of no more than 2 °C. It provides suggestions for the future policies of these countries' governments. In addition, BRICS countries should focus on observing changes in some factors, such as the increase in nuclear energy consumption and the increase in electricity demand. The reasons behind the changes in these factors are the direction of future research.

Driving factors of residential demand response for the integration of variable renewable power.

The large-scale integration of renewable power poses great challenges to grid stability. Among flexible resources, demand response (DR) stands out for its advantages in cost and efficiency. To identify key factors influencing DR, this study adopted the modified theory of planned behavior (TPB) to establish the conceptual model. Social norms were included as a front-end variable, and institutional factors and electricity consumption habits served as moderating variables. The model was subsequently tested and modified using the structural equation modelling (SEM). Results indicated that social norms can exert a substantial indirect effect on DR behavior. However, due to the deficiency of such norms, the formation of the positive attitude towards DR was hindered, resulting in a low standard coefficient of 0.16. Moreover, the influence of subjective norm on response intention was rejected due to limited perceived external pressure. Perceived behavior control exhibited the most significant direct influence on response intention (0.76). Additionally, the positive effects of situational factors and personal habits on the conversion from response intention to behavior were supported. Based on these findings, several policy suggestions including enhancing publicity and incentive policies were proposed.

Study on the Motivation of Nonlinear Trajectory of Corporate Financialization and the Impact of Financial Performance

With the continuous changes in the global market environment and the intensification of trade friction between China and the United States, the downward pressure on China's real economy has increased. Entity enterprises have been involved in the financial and real estate and other virtual economy, in order to obtain high profits, the entity enterprise "de-realization to virtual" phenomenon is becoming more and more serious. In recent years, the state has introduced a series of policies to guide manufacturing enterprises to "return to the real", of which "deleveraging" in the supply-side structural reform has become an important means to regulate the disconnection between the real and the virtual economy. How to guide and promote the manufacturing enterprises to "return to reality" is the key to promote the high-quality development of China's economy, but how the impact needs to be studied in depth. Taking Huamao shares as a case study, this study selects 15 key financial indicators between 2010 and 2022, and applies the entropy method to quantitatively analyze the differential impact on financial performance of the company's financialization behavior between 2010 and 2019 and its de-financialization process from 2020 to the present. By deeply exploring the non-linear development trajectory of financialization and its specific impact on the financial performance of the company, this paper reveals that Huamao's financialization behavior, while promoting investment returns, has generated investment substitution effects and in turn has generated obvious crowding-out effects on the company's main business, thus weakening the profitability of the company. In view of this, it puts forward relevant policy suggestions for the financialization of manufacturing enterprises, which helps to guide industrial capital to return to the main business and accelerate the upgrading and transformation of manufacturing industry under the background of revitalization of the real economy vigorously advocated by the state and has certain guiding significance, and emphasizes the importance of returning to the manufacturing industry and the necessity of returning to the industry as the core engine for promoting the long-term and stable growth of China's economy in order to provide a reference path for the development of other financialized real enterprises. It emphasizes the importance and necessity of the return of the manufacturing industry as the core engine for promoting the long-term stable growth of China's economy, with a view to providing a reference path for the development of other financialized real enterprises.

Study on the Efficiency, Evolutionary Trend, and Influencing Factors of Rural–Urban Integration Development in Sichuan and Chongqing Regions under the Background of Dual Carbon

Re-evaluating how urban and rural development can be integrated is a necessary step towards achieving the “dual-carbon” objective and facilitating a thorough transition towards a green and low-carbon economy and society. This study empirically investigates the geographical disparities, evolving patterns, and determinants of the effectiveness of urban–rural integration development in Sichuan and Chongqing. Results of the study indicate that (1) the effectiveness of urban–rural integration development in Sichuan and Chongqing is generally poor, and external environmental factors adversely affect the urban–rural integration of economically developed cities; (2) the urban–rural integration development efficiency in Sichuan and Chongqing does not show a more obvious polarization phenomenon, but the gap between the cities gradually widens; and (3) regarding influencing factors, market dynamics are favorable to overall urban–rural integration development in the Sichuan and Chongqing regions, while the development of the digital economy and the level of financial development can exacerbate the imbalance of regional urban–rural integration development. Based on this premise, pertinent policy suggestions are offered to facilitate the merger of urban and rural areas and foster efficient development in the regions of Sichuan and Chongqing.