Policy Of Ukraine Research Articles

Mental health of volunteers: origin of psychosomatic disorders in PTSD conditions

Background. Numerous studies in various scientific areas deal with to the problem of mental health of Ukrainians: the theory and practice of psychological and pedagogical research, psychophysiological concepts and theories, a systematic approach in psychology, the psychophysiological aspect of the emotional background, as well as psychosomatic features of optimal personality functioning. Preservation of mental health has become a priority of the state policy of Ukraine to support the country’s stability and fighting capacity. The study of the impact of psychoemotional factors on the functional state of the body for the restoration and optimization of life support among volunteers who provide free psychological assistance and support the mental health of the population is relevant. The research was aimed at studying the origin of psychosomatic disorders in volunteers with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as determining the impact of these disorders on their mental health and psychosocial status. Materials and methods. The following psychodiagnostic tools were used: emotional burnout diagnosis method according to V. Boyko, NEWS questionnaire, PCL-5 questionnaire and post-traumatic growth questionnaire. According to the results of the study, it was found that emotional burnout in volunteers manifests itself in three phases: tension, resistance, and exhaustion according to indicators of a high level of stress and severe depression in respondents with signs of PTSD (23.9 %). Results. Mental disorders such as asthenic, anxiety-phobic, hysteroform and depressive syndromes are observed in all groups. Conclusions. The psychosomatic mechanism of the relationship between mental activity and behavior in PTSD includes the influence of a traumatic psycho-emotional factor that causes a constant feeling of danger, panic attacks or fear of repeating the situation, a feeling of hopelessness, low mood, apathy, loss of interest in usual activities, aggression, irritability, frequent conflicts and anger outbursts, feelings of detachment, social isolation, relationship problems and guilt for experiencing PTSD symptoms.

Trust as a weapon of war: fighting corruption and corporate crime in Ukraine

We explore the ways in which elite crimes impact the development of society, and specifically address the harmful impact of such activities on social trust. We single out the issue of corruption in Ukraine during the Russian war to analyse the ways in which political elites exploit social trust in emergency situations. Employing a critical criminological approach to crime and justice, we analyse the effect of anti-corruption reforms in Ukraine, paying particular attention to the issue of trust to consider how and why trust has been “weaponized” by war. The war has changed Ukrainian attitudes towards state authorities and engendered in them a remarkably high degree of trust. We hypothesise that this change is based more on emotion than on rationality. The understanding of how and why the political elite might use this trust in the future is important for the development of anti-corruption policy both in Ukraine and generally in Europe. We conclude that the weaponization of trust poses a number of risks to advancing anti-corruption efforts in Ukraine. Sustaining progress in this area, therefore, will require a careful navigation of competing wartime priorities.

Legal basis for the use of digital technologies in the land policy of Ukraine

The state and prospects of legal regulation of the use of digital technologies, which is an instrument of state land policy and an important component of the legal mechanism for the realization of land rights, are investigated in this article. The author emphasizes that the digitalization of land relations is defined as a strategic state priority in a number of programmatic acts. It has gained considerable momentum, which, in turn, affects the determination of the main directions of the state land policy. At the same time, it is stated that although the recognition of digitalization as a principle of the state land policy has not been implemented at the legislative level, the defining provisions for the digitalization of certain functions have been enshrined in law. The active introduction of digital services is the result of the land reform in Ukraine. It is indicated that in forming the legal framework for digitalization of land relations, the need to use digital technologies to create conditions for general availability of information on the status of land is crucial. The author emphasizes the positive impact of digitalization of land relations on reducing the dependence of the exercise of land rights on personal (subjective) factors, as well as on increasing the efficiency of land condition assessment. The author analyzes the legal norms that form the basis for digitalization of land records and monitoring. Among the instruments of the State land policy, special attention is paid to the digitalization of the administrative procedure in the field of land relations. An important strategic goal of the state land policy of Ukraine is to create equal conditions of access to the land market for all land users, increase the productivity of land use provided that it is used rationally and sustainably, and establish transparent, clear and, most importantly, effective land management. The ways to do this are to increase transparency of land use and access to information, improve the existing system of information support and control over the state of land resources, and widely introduce new information technologies.

Ways of Development of the National Electronic Scientific Information System as a Tool for Implementing the State Open Science Policy in Ukraine

Objective. Since 2020, Ukraine has been developing the National Electronic Scientific Information System (URIS). The creation and development of URIS were initially guided by a specific Concept, whose implementation timeline has now concluded. However, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine mandated that work on URIS should continue. Consequently, there is a need to develop a new concept and identify the future directions for this scientific information system. Current research has emphasized the necessity of implementing the open science paradigm and highlighted the role of Current Research Information Systems (CRIS) in this process. There is a specific need to establish the development directions for URIS as a unique type of such system. The aim is to explore the prospective directions for the development of the National Electronic Scientific Information System "URIS," detailing the pathways for its growth and integrating new functions to fully implement the principles of open science in Ukraine. Methods. The study employed methods of theoretical generalization of normative and analytical data, as well as statistical and comparative analysis of the obtained scientific information. Results. The study identified seven directions with specific implementation paths: developing new functional modules for URIS, ensuring the comprehensive inclusion of priority information resources within URIS, providing Ukrainian scientists, research institutions, and higher education institutions with a digital tool, enabling ongoing communication with the scientific community and business representatives, identifying shortcomings in existing legal acts, creating conditions to overcome the dispersion of financial resources, accounting for losses in Ukrainian research infrastructure due to Russian military aggression. The URIS serves as a multifunctional platform for collecting, processing, and disseminating data related to scientific activities in Ukraine. Developed by the State Scientific and Technical Library of Ukraine, URIS aims to integrate and present aggregated data from various research institutions and universities, thereby enhancing the visibility of Ukrainian research on a global scale. This paper discusses the importance of URIS in supporting academic and research libraries, emphasizing the role of the library's experts in implementing the project. Conclusions. The development and improvement of URIS should lead to a significant reduction in the use of paper for various documents, offering interested individuals and organizations a wide range of digital tools for quick and continuous access to research data, information, and services related to the field of science. The full implementation of this project will enhance the visibility of Ukrainian scientists and research infrastructures both within Ukraine and for interested researchers and institutions in Europe and globally. Scope of Application of Research Results. The development of URIS will support the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine in fulfilling the national plan for open science and accelerating Ukraine's integration into the European Research Area. The successful implementation of URIS demonstrates the vital role of academic and research libraries in the digital age. The expertise of the State Scientific and Technical Library of Ukraine has been instrumental in advancing the goals of URIS, which aims to enhance the quality and visibility of Ukrainian research both nationally and internationally.

кономічний та фінансовий добробут: підходи до вимірювання

ntroduction. While economic growth is an essential indicator of a country's development, it does not always guarantee an improvement in the population's well-being, in particular when the benefits of this growth are unevenly distributed. In the context of the ‘beyond GDP’ concept shift, there is a growing awareness in economic theory and practice of the need to move away from traditional quantitative indicators of economic development to more comprehensive measures that take into account such aspects as economic inequality, environmental sustainability and overall living standards. Problem Statement. Due to the need for a comprehensive approach to assessing well-being and formulating domestic policies that promote sustainable and inclusive economic growth, new indicators based on the analysis of foreign experience must be introduced to transition to approaches that take into account the level of economic and financial well-being of the population. Purpose. This article aims to identify the features of measuring economic and financial well-being. Methods. The methods of generalisation, evolutionary, comparative and quantitative analysis are used. Results. An overview of the evolution of scientific views on the concept of economic well-being is presented with the emphasis on the difference from financial well-being, which is determined at the individual level. The methodological approaches to measuring well-being and their limitations are generalised. Focus is given to the drawbacks of using GDP per capita as a measure of economic well-being. Key features in measuring economic well-being are noted, such as multidimensionality, the use of subjective and objective indicators, and taking into account the role of economic inequality. Financial well-being peculiarities in groups of countries by income level, including Ukraine, are highlighted. Recommendations for considering the level of economic well-being in implementing sustainable development policy in Ukraine are formulated. Conclusions. The diversity of approaches to assessing multidimensional well-being, particularly subjective and objective, demonstrates that well-being cannot be reduced to a single indicator; it requires a comprehensive multidisciplinary analysis covering both quantitative and qualitative aspects.

Міжнародне усиновлення: сучасні аспекти правового регулювання

Abstract. The article provides a detailed analysis of the legal regulation of interstate adoption within the framework of international law, in particular, a systematic analysis of the mechanism of adoption of Ukrainian children by foreigners. This study should ensure proper legal certainty regarding the key problems and issues that arise during the implementation of such adoptions, as well as consider the peculiarities of the procedure and principles of adoption in Ukraine. It was noted that adoption, both domestic and international, plays an important role in ensuring the child's right to family upbringing and full development. Ukrainian legislation is aimed at priority placement of children in the families of Ukrainian citizens, which emphasizes the importance of preserving the child's cultural and social ties with his country. Interstate adoption becomes possible only if domestic possibilities are exhausted, which guarantees the protection of children's rights and observance of their interests. The process of international adoption is complex and multi-stage, in particular due to the need to comply with the requirements of Ukrainian legislation and international standards, such as the Hague Convention. This process involves careful selection of candidates, verification of their eligibility and guarantees the legality of the adoption through a court decision. This approach allows you to minimize risks and ensure the safety and well-being of the child. The main goal of the legislative regulation of adoption is to provide the child with a stable and safe environment for development in the family, which will be able to satisfy his emotional and physical needs. International adoption, under the conditions of proper verification and transparency of the process, provides an opportunity for children to find loving parents and build a new life. At the same time, cooperation between states and monitoring of compliance with children's rights after adoption remains important to ensure maximum protection of their interests at every stage. Keywords: adoption; international adoption; foreigners; national legislation; Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine; baby; family; procedure; convention; rights and interests of the child.

Educational Priorities of Girls From Rural Areas Entering Classical Universities in Big Cities: A Case Study of Ukraine

Abstract The article highlights the research related to the accessibility of higher education for different population groups. Based on Ivan Franko University of Lviv, the number and ratio of rural to urban girls who entered the bachelor’s program over the past four years, their choice of specialty, factors that influenced such a choice, the geography of entrants, etc., have been analysed. It has been established that a wide range of specialties and a state educational policy of Ukraine in general provide girls from rural areas with access to higher education. However, girls from the countryside, due to low financial capabilities of their families, are more focused on specialties where there is an opportunity for free education. Compared to urban girls, rural girls have access to a narrower list of specialties because they often receive secondary education of lower quality. An important problem in Ukraine is inaccessibility of higher quality education to young people from depressed villages, which creates spatial inequality and injustice.

The history of the formation of folk choirs, vocal and choreographic ensembles in the 1940s and 1950s: Ukrainian and Polish context

The relevance of the study. In the 40s and 50s of the twentieth century, cultural policy in both Ukraine and Poland was characterised by the growing pressure of the Soviet government on culture, the spread of utilitarianism and a propagandistic understanding of art. Exactly at such moments of crisis, society begins to look for a common ground on which each of its members could rely, something that could unite people, remind them of values as the basis of the existential selfdetermination of the individual and the nation. Returning to one's own roots through the activities of ensembles is one of these paths. This was one of the reasons for the development of choral art as an aspect of state strategy at that time. In addition, this method allowed the government to levelling the identity of the various nationalities that were part of the USSR. The formation of choral music was determined by state support for cultural projects. However, it should be pointed out that the activities of these collectives played an important role in the formation of the national choral school. The main objective of the study is to determine how the process of formation of folk choirs as well as vocal and choreographic ensembles took place in the 1940s and 1950s and to present a comparative analysis of the activities of two ensembles: Grigoriy Veryovka Ukrainian National Honoured Academic Folk Choir and The Stanisław Hadyna Song and Dance Ensemble «Śląsk», which will allow us to consider the problem from two perspectives: Ukrainian and Polish. The methodology includes a critical analysis of literary and historical sources, the method of the history of ideas (to trace the idea of creating academised folk melody-based ensembles that belonged to the official art in the period of the 1940s and 1950s in two different countries), the comparative method (to identify common and distinctive artistic and aesthetic principles of the ensembles‘ activities), and the complex method (to study the problem of the formation of professional folk ensembles in the mid-twentieth century in a holistic way). Results and conclusions. In conclusion, it can be stated that in both Ukraine and Poland, music of the twentieth century developed under the conditions of Soviet ideological pressure. Accordingly, the functioning of the ensembles was integrally connected with the historical, political, social, and cultural circumstances and realities of that time, which influenced not only the repertoire policy, intensive concert activity, but also the artistic style created.Therefore, in the Ukrainian concept, more emphasis was placed directly on the academic nature of singing and author's arrangements of folk songs. It is worth emphasising that the activities of the Ukrainian National Honoured Academic Folk Choir under the direction of Grygoriy Verevka as an academic official art form are a significant contribution to the development of professional folk choral performance, as well as to the professionalisation of choral education and the establishment of a national choral school, despite the presence of ideological elements in the repertoire. On the other hand, in Poland, and especially in Cieshyn Silesia, the ensemble was initially based on traditional culture - one of the key positions in the development of the Polish ensemble was the collection and presentation of various types of Polish folk songs and dances. At the same time, there was a process of attracting ideas of alternative spirituality, searching and creating new ideas, original artistic formulas that had not previously been present in the work of other Polish ensembles, and as a result, a new cultural perspective based on tradition but open to large-scale changes was created. The prospects for further research on this issue include the detailed study of the creative heritage of the founders of ensembles, the detection and analysis of all periods of the ensembles' activity with a focus on the present, and the identification of changes in the consciousness of national identity that occurred in the context of the history of the formation of these ensembles.

Critical infrastructure of Ukraine as a subject of scientific knowledge: theoretical aspect

The article is devoted to the study of theoretical aspects of critical infrastructure as a subject of scientific knowledge. The importance of critical infrastructure facilities for ensuring Ukraine’s national security, the stability of its economy and the state’s defense capability is determined. Legislative regulation in this area is analyzed, in particular, the Law of Ukraine «On Critical Infrastructure», «On National Security of Ukraine», the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, the National Security Strategy of Ukraine, etc. normative legal acts that contain definitions of terms. Attention is drawn to the fact that the violation of the functioning of the specified objects in the conditions of martial law may cause socially dangerous consequences for society and the state. According to the result of the comparison with foreign experience (USA, EU, Great Britain, China, Japan), it is proved that Ukraine takes into account international approaches to the protection of critical infrastructure, but has its own unique features caused by national threats and challenges. In the US, for example, critical infrastructure is defined as systems and assets so important that their failure to function or damage would have a devastating impact on security, the national economy, and public health. The European Union approaches this issue through the European Critical Infrastructures Directive, focusing on interconnection and coordination between member states. The UK takes care of cyber security, while China and Japan emphasize national control and resilience of facilities. Based on the analysis, recommendations were made for improving the legislative policy of Ukraine in the field of critical infrastructure. A conclusion was made about the relevance of the task of the Security Service of Ukraine to combat criminal offenses at critical infrastructure facilities, and practical recommendations for further improvement of this area were provided. It has been determined that the perspective areas of scientific research are the analysis of the experience of the countries of the European Union in terms of legal protection against criminal offenses at critical infrastructure facilities.

ЕКОНОМІКО-ПРАВОВЕ ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ СУЧАСНОГО СТАНУ ГЕНДЕРНОГО ЗАМІЩЕННЯ ТРУДОВОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ

Modern society erases traditional gender boundaries in the professional activities of employees of different levels, statuses, and fields of employment. Professions that were previously considered purely male are now effectively performed by women. This testifies not only to their high qualification and professionalism, but also to the ability to reincarnate for their own benefit and social necessity. In the conditions of Russia’s war against Ukraine, the demand for so-called «male» professions among women has increased significantly. This is due to the need to fill the workforce in strategically important sectors – in defense, industry, transport, construction, etc. The relevance of the study lies in the analysis of the socio-economic consequences of this process and its impact on the gender replacement of labor resources. It is important to assess how the involvement of women in traditionally male professions affects labor productivity, the level of employment and social integration of women in today’s conditions. The study will also contribute to the development of recommendations to support gender equality in the labor market in times of crisis. In general, the study of this topic is a necessary factor influencing the formation of an effective economic and legal policy in Ukraine. The increasing number of cases of women taking up «male» professions has both positive and negative factors. The positives include expanding economic opportunities for women, reducing gender stereotypes, and increasing labor efficiency due to the diversity of the free labor sphere. Negative factors include potential discrimination, physical exertion that is difficult for some women, and social conflicts due to the violation of traditional gender roles. The study of these factors is important for the development of policies aimed at promoting equality in the labor market and ensuring the harmonious coexistence of all workers. This will help create an effective work environment that maximizes the labor resources of all employees, regardless of gender. Key words: profession, gender substitution, labor resources, labor potential, social integration, «male» professions.

Update on the assessment of the condition of lands and their restoration, following the consequences of martial law

The article is devoted to the study of selective problematic aspects regarding the assessment of the condition of the lands and the needs and possible ways of restoring the lands that were damaged as a result of the military actions of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine. Particular attention is paid to the need and difficulty of clearing mined areas, which should be done with an integrated approach, but this process requires and will require a large amount of time and resources. The main focus is on the need to create a comprehensive strategy for land restoration, which will include damage assessment, development of new legal acts, as well as implementation of mechanisms for the protection and restoration of land resources as a component of the environment. Particular emphasis is placed on the need to introduce so-called «red zones» in the most dangerous and polluted territories, where economic or personal activities are dangerous for the health of the population, which needs to be taken into account, including the period of active hostilities in certain territories. The article also considers the experience of other countries that faced such problems, in particular, for example, the country of France after the First World War, and emphasizes the importance of international cooperation with the organization of the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) to ensure effective restoration of lands. In addition, it is proposed to introduce amendments to the tax legislation of Ukraine for a balanced temporary exemption of land owners or land users from taxes for the time of restoration works, which will contribute to more efficient use of resources. In addition, it was noted that the state government should take all organizational measures as much as possible in order to receive reparations for crimes against the environment from the aggressor country. The work emphasizes the importance of harmonizing the environmental policy of Ukraine with the norms of the European Union in the context of European integration, because Ukraine has a European integration course and environmental changes are also one of the conditions for joining the European Union, so the reconstruction of destroyed cities should already be in accordance with the norms of the European Union.

Monetary policy of Ukraine during the war

The purpose of this article is an in-depth statistical analysis of the military monetary policy of the National Bank of Ukraine. The article examines how the monetary policy strategy, administrative restrictions, indicators of the money market of Ukraine and macroeconomic indicators changed during February 2022 – April 2024. Based on the conducted statistical analysis, it was found that the administrative restrictions implemented by the Regulator in relation to individuals and legal entities achieved the desired result. Indicators of demand and supply of currency on the market have halved. As the balance of payments of Ukraine shows, the withdrawal of currency abroad in the form of credit payments, interest, dividends, and rent also decreased, which significantly reduced the pressure on the national currency, which is clearly observed when analyzing the balance of payments of Ukraine.In the context of the analysis of macroeconomic indicators, the results of the study showed that thanks to the measures taken in the monetary policy, the National Bank managed to restrain the pressure on the national currency and to stabilize inflation by the beginning of the fourth quarter of 2022, and already in the fourth quarter of 2023 it was possible to return inflation within the inflation target. However, in connection with the long-term management of the fixed exchange rate regime, the interventions of the National Bank increased significantly, causing considerable pressure on international reserves and creating a noticeable dependence of Ukraine on the financial aid of international partners. In addition, there are other caveats. The record amounts of currency outside the banks signal about the continuation of panicky moods and a decrease in confidence in the banking system. In addition, administrative currency restrictions negatively affected the gap between the total volume of import and export operations, which in the long run may hinder the further economic development of Ukraine. Despite the challenges, such as the growth of the volume of currency outside the banks and the noticeable dependence on international aid, it is important to emphasize that the implemented measures helped to reduce the risks and improve the financial stability of the country, which reflects the ability of the National Bank to respond effectively to economic challenges and ensure the stability of the financial system in times of crisis.

Holodomor: Izvještaji o bjekstvu preko sovjetsko-rumunske granice u njemačkoj štampi ranih 1930-ih

This article explores the response of the German-language press to the events related to illegal crossings of the Romanian-Soviet border in the early 1930s, the number of which significantly increased due to the Holodomor and repressions in the Ukrainian SSR. The study aims to analyze the coverage of these events in German-language media, the influence of such publications on shaping public opinion regarding Soviet policy in Ukraine, and to confirm the thesis about the awareness of European governments of the real situation in the USSR. During the study, periodical publications from the 1920s and 1930s printed in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Czechoslovakia, Luxembourg, and Liechtenstein were processed. The novelty of the research is the discovery of the accounts of eyewitnesses and participants of escapes across the Romanian-Soviet border, who managed to reach the right bank of the Dniester. Moreover, little-known facts about the consideration of the issue of crossing this border by refugees at the League of Nations level were revealed, and for the first time, literary works of German-speaking authors dedicated to the events of the Holodomor and the attempts of Ukrainians to escape from famine and persecution were analyzed. The conclusion of the study highlights the high potential of the German-language press of the early 1930s as a previously underexplored source of knowledge about the history of the Holodomor. The newspapers quite thoroughly covered the problem of illegal crossing the border to escape from hunger and repression in the USSR. Most of the materials on these topics were published throughout February-April 1932. The narratives within these reports illustrate the scenes of tragedy and despair, documenting harrowing encounters with Bolshevik military forces and the orchestrated targeting of fleeing civilians by border guards. Complemented by firsthand testimonials from survivors, these accounts provide information about socio-economic circumstances and underlying motivations precipitating their exodus from Ukraine. Moreover, the newspapers critically assessed Soviet propaganda narratives, exposing the discreet contrast between the purported prosperity within the USSR and the harsh realities endured by Ukrainian peasants under Soviet governance. In addition, we can assume that these publications were impactful, since some writers even presumably built the storylines of their literary works based on such materials. One of these books was the novel „Thanks to You, I Found My Homeland” written by Klothilde von Stegmann. Her text was partially published in the newspapers during the early 1930s, and one of the fragments at the beginning of the novel contained an episode about the escapes across the Soviet-Romanian border. However, in the post-war edition of the book, this fragment was deleted for unknown reasons. Finally, the presence of literary texts dedicated to escapes from the USSR indicates that this topic went beyond the professional circle of journalists and diplomats; it was discussed and reflected upon by the wider population.

Interaction of political elites and state institutions in the context of sustainable development of Ukraine

The article analyzes the mechanisms of interaction between political elites and state institutions in the process of forming and implementing sustainable development policy in Ukraine. The role of civil society and business in supporting sustainable development is explored, as well as the importance of involving broad segments of the population in decision-making. The transition to sustainable development is a process of changing the value orientations of many people. It was found that close cooperation between representatives of the political elite, state institutions, the public sector and business is necessary to achieve the strategic goals of sustainable development. The priority areas of Ukraine’s sustainable development are environmental safety, energy efficiency, infrastructure development and ensuring social justice. Public administration plays an important role in the implementation of the main principles of sustainable development. Political elites, in turn, are the ones who determine the general strategic vision and make decisions on the implementation of reforms aimed at creating a socio-economic system that meets the principles of sustainable development. The main mechanisms of interaction between the political elite and state institutions in the context of the sustainable development of Ukraine are the development and implementation of the National Strategy for Sustainable Development until 2030, the creation of a system for monitoring and assessing the state of the environment, supporting the development of ecologically clean production, conducting an information and educational campaign on sustainable development, decentralization of power. An important aspect of the interaction between political elites and state institutions is the provision of a comprehensive approach to the implementation of reforms aimed at sustainable development. The effectiveness of the interaction between political elites and state institutions depends on many factors, including the presence of broad public support, the availability of necessary resources, and institutional capacity.

ROLE OF BIOFUELS IN TRANSPORT SECTOR DECARBONIZATION

The purpose of the work is to develop recommendations for the development of production and consumption of bioethanol and diesel biofuel in Ukraine as a component of the general process of the transport sector decarbonization. The production of motor biofuels in the world has been growing during the last decades. Today, the volume of global production of biodiesel and bioethanol is about 190 billion liters per year, which is ten times more than in 2000. In addition to motor biofuels for road and waterborne transport, there is also in the world the production of biofuels for the aviation sector – sustainable aviation fuels. Today, the volume of their production is relatively small, but the growth dynamics is quite good. The opportunities for using alternative fuels with low or zero carbon content in marine transport are investigated. Since the end of 2019, the EU has been implementing the European Green Deal, the goal of which is to achieve zero net emissions of greenhouse gases by 2050. One of the important prerequisites for this is the fulfillment of the target set for transport, namely to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 90% by 2050. The climate policy of Ukraine is aimed at systematic reducing greenhouse gas emissions, transitioning to low-carbon development, and increasing the share of energy produced from renewable and low-carbon sources in the structure of the total final energy consumption. The development of renewable energy sources, including biofuels consumption growth in transport, is one of the means of achieving the country's strategic climate and energy goals. Ukraine has a considerable potential for the production of motor biofuels of the first and second generations, which is sufficient to meet its own needs and also be exported. An urgent task for the country is the practical development of the production of motor biofuels. This includes increasing the production of bioethanol and resuming the production of diesel biofuel. It is recommended that a strategy for the production of advanced biofuels in Ukraine should be elaborated, which will include intensive research and development activity. At the first stages of its implementation, this sector may require certain financial benefits or government subsidies.

APPLICATION OF EUROPEAN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLES IN THE PLANNING ACTIVITIES OF POST-WAR UKRAINE'S MULTI-LEVEL CONSUMER CO-OPERATION SYSTEM

The Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU requires Ukraine to consider the adoption of a European model of corporate governance. The EU has a wealth of experience in the effective management of consumer co-operation, which can inform the development of best practices for Ukraine. The subject of the study is the adaptation and substantiation of the current specifics of the application of European principles of corporate governance in the process of planning the activities of a multi-level system of consumer co-operation in Ukraine. This study employs a range of general scientific methods, including modelling, economic analysis, forecasting, a system approach and synthesis. These methods have been used to develop generalisations and conclusions related to the object of research as a whole, namely the multi-level and multi-sectoral system of consumer co-operation in Ukraine. The objective of this study is to justify the implementation of European principles, mechanisms and tools of corporate governance, based on a comprehensive analysis, with the aim of optimising the planning processes and the development of a multi-level system of consumer co-operation in Ukraine. The fundamental characteristics of co-operative systems have been elucidated, and the principal distinctions between them and corporations have been identified. The functions of the corporate governance system are examined and a conclusion is reached regarding their alignment with the responsibilities and principles of consumer co-operation. The factors that contributed to the success of the development of the consumer co-operation trade sphere in the Soviet period are identified. This study considers the information base for planning the retail turnover of consumer co-operatives in the context of a planned economy. It identifies the main shortcomings and weaknesses of this approach. The principal indicators of activity for consumer co-operatives in Ukraine are examined in the context of their statutory mission. In light of the application of the substitution method, potential indicators of trade turnover for consumer co-operatives, contingent upon collaboration up to the level of 1990, are modelled. It can be concluded that the system of consumer co-operation has not yet fully adapted to the new economic conditions, new legislation and processes of increasing competition in the market, despite the transition to a market economy. In light of the aforementioned circumstances, it is imperative to implement European principles of corporate governance and contemporary international principles governing the advancement of the co-operative movement within the framework of consumer co-operation. The principles of corporate governance, developed by such international organisations as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the European Confederation of Shareholder Associations, and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, have been subjected to detailed analysis. The evolution of the corporate governance system has been delineated with respect to the consumer co-operation. This trend coincides with the imperative necessity for the consumer co-operation of Ukraine to reform its planned system, which represents a key component of its commitment to more effective management. The necessity for additional harmonisation of Ukrainian co-operative legislation with European legislation has been established. The composition of the information base for the development of indicators of the plan of retail turnover of the consumer society in the modern context is justified. The article's primary conclusions are that the negative trends and the quantitative and qualitative indicators of consumer co-operatives in Ukraine can be halted and improved through the implementation and advancement of institutional co-operative advantages, which are codified by legislation and validated by both domestic and European experience. Consequently, members of consumer societies and potential shareholders must be regarded as a central object and subject of planning, regulation, operational activities and the development of consumer co-operatives. In the context of the implementation of the decentralisation policy in Ukraine, in order to optimise the relations between co-operative enterprises and organisations at the horizontal and vertical levels, it is necessary to plan the development of the co-operative system as a component of regional development. The use of IT technologies will allow automating all operational processes, using the full range of planning forms and methods, and at the same time preserving the scientifically sound principles of consumer co-operation development as a system with the possibility of medium- and long-term planning.

State policy on provision of strategic stocks of petroleum products in the structure of the state reserve

The object of research is the state policy on provision of strategic stocks of petroleum products in the structure of the state reserve. The article defines the importance of reserving for ensuring the strategic needs of the state in the state reserve system of Ukraine of such resources as oil, petroleum products, fuel and lubricants. There were established the factors of influence that require the transformation of approaches to the formatting the state reserve of strategic materials. It was proved the need to create a special model of state management of petroleum products, fuel and lubricant reserves in the structure of the state reserve. It was disclosed the peculiarity of the functioning of the oil transportation and storage market as an alternative to the state reserve system as for Ukraine. It was made an analysis of the Ukrainian legislation regarding the formation of the strategic reserve of oil and petroleum products. It was investigated the foreign experience of state policy in the field of reserving strategic reserves of oil and petroleum products. There were explored the ways of revealing the potential of legal adjusting of the processes of forming the strategic state reserve in Ukraine. There were developed the directions for improving the state policy in Ukraine regarding the formation of reserves of petroleum products based on the example of foreign countries. It was proved the expediency of expanding various forms of involvement of private sector entities in the processes of forming the state strategic reserve. There were determined the peculiarities of the model of interaction between the state and the private sector in this matter. There were prognosed further trends in the development of the global oil and oil products storage market. There were identified the potential opportunities for expanding Ukraine's participation in the global oil and oil products storage market. It was disclosed the mechanisms of state participation in the process of forming strategic reserves of oil and oil products in foreign countries. There were also determined the further need for the formation of the Ukrainian market for the storage of oil and oil products as an element of the state reserve system.

Виклики екологічного підприємництва в Україні

The article examines and highlights the main differences in the categories "green economy", "green business", "ecological entrepreneurship". A comparative analysis of the environmental policy of Ukraine according to the Green Future Index was carried out. Positive changes in the development of ecological entrepreneurship are noted. The tools of ecologization of the economy with the aim of strengthening the rating position of Ukraine and the indicators of the further expansion of the scale of ecological entrepreneurship are separated. The basic principles of ecological entrepreneurship have been established. The dynamics of the development of ecological entrepreneurship in Ukraine for 2016- 2022 have been studied. Challenges faced by environmental enterprises during military operations are outlined. Ways for the further development of ecological entrepreneurship in Ukraine have been established, including: the introduction of the use of alternative energy sources, the use of recycling, the rational use of soils in order to minimize erosion processes, the strengthening of environmental education in society, the application of the decoupling phenomenon.

LEGAL ENSURING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF UKRAINE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION

The article defines the main normative legal acts to ensure the transformation of the government agrarian policy of Ukraine after the signing of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union, which will allow further legislative changes to be made in the construction of the government mechanism for the sustainable development of the agricultural sector of Ukraine in the conditions of European integration. The purpose of the article is to research the regulatory and legal support of the agricultural sector of Ukraine in order to justify further changes in the government sectoral policy of Ukraine in the conditions of European integration. A number of basic legal acts regarding the development of government agrarian policy and various mechanisms of government regulation of individual sectors of the agrarian complex were analyzed, the main of which are: Concept of the development of rural areas for the period until 2025, Concept of the development of farms and agricultural cooperation for the period of 2018-2020, Resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine «On the Functioning of the Government Agrarian Register», Law of Ukraine «On State Assistance to Business Entities», Government Regional Development Strategy for 2021-2027, Draft Concept of Rural Development until 2030, UN Transitional Framework Program 2022- 2023, resolution «On Amendments to the Procedure for the Use of Funds Provided in the Government Budget for Providing Support to Farms and Other Producers of Agricultural Products». The principles of government support for agriculture in Ukraine, the key goals of the development of rural areas and agricultural activity, the key vectors of sustainable development of the agricultural sector of Ukraine on the way to European integration have been determined. Based on the analysis of the regulatory framework, conclusions were made regarding the long-term prospects of the agrarian policy of Ukraine.

Export of Cultural Property from Ukraine: State Policy and the Challenges of War

Abstract The Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 inflicted severe damage on the country’s cultural heritage, triggering an upsurge in attempts to export cultural property across its borders. This paper deals with relevant issues related to the policy of Ukraine regarding the prevention of the export of cultural property abroad and the expertise of confiscated cultural property, as well as underscores the significance of enhancing state policy in this sphere in response to the challenges caused by Russian invasion. The notable increase in illegal attempts to export antiquities abroad requires a revision of the procedure for appointing and conducting the expertise of confiscated objects. This primarily applies to excessively prolonged periods of expertise, the lack of uniform rules applicable to all art experts regardless of their affiliations, and the ambiguous criteria defining “cultural property” in Ukrainian legislation. The paper proposes measures to resolve these difficulties, including introducing preliminary expertise at customs control, unifying the requirements for experts’ conclusions, and clarifying definitions in legislation.