Enterprise Policy Research Articles

Spatial association between chronic respiratory disease mortality rates and industrial manufacturing enterprises: A case study of Chongqing, China

Industry has long been a driving force in the national economy of Chongqing, a traditional industrial hub in China. Current research provides limited understanding of the spatial associations between industrial manufacturing enterprises and CRD mortality in urban areas of Western China. This study employs location data of CRD death patients and Points of Interest (POI) representing industrial manufacturing enterprises from 2012 to 2020. It explores their spatial patterns and associations through spatial clustering identification, co-location, and association effects. Key spatial association characteristics identified include: (1) High-risk CRD mortality areas are predominantly located in Tongnan District and Kaizhou District in the western and northeastern parts of Chongqing, with an increase in CRD mortality rates correlated with age and a higher prevalence among females. (2) The optimal bandwidths for spatial association characteristics are 0.18 m and 0.475 m, respectively. (3) The construction and mining industries exert a more substantial impact on the mortality rates of younger CRD patients, with a notably stronger spatial impact on male patients compared to female patients. These insights are critical for guiding public health policy and spatial planning of industrial manufacturing enterprises in Chongqing.

Farming is not a joke: the entrepreneurship ecosystem of agricultural social enterprises

PurposeThis study aims to work toward understanding the entrepreneurship ecosystem of agricultural social enterprises in the Philippines by exploring the interactions between policy, culture, supports and human capital domains.Design/methodology/approachThe authors considered using an exploratory single-embedded case study approach, involving methodological triangulation of document analysis, semistructured interviews and participant observation. The authors analyzed the data using a narrative approach to map the ecosystem.FindingsThrough the research, the authors discovered that while each domain functions effectively individually, disconnects exist when interacting collectively as an ecosystem. The authors come to know that there is no policy consensus on social enterprise definitions, which limits specialized policy support. Although support services like incubators are available, the authors observed that awareness and accessibility vary based on location and business maturity. The authors also noted that human capital helps translate concepts into frameworks, but research tailored to agriculture and social entrepreneurship is limited. The authors come to the conclusion that collaboration and openness across domains are needed to strengthen connections and synergies.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was geographically limited to Luzon Island, and the authors did not include the finance and markets domains of the ecosystem model in the analysis.Practical implicationsBased on the findings, the authors identify strategies to reinforce connections, such as increasing awareness of support services, developing tailored policies for social enterprises, conducting specialized research and promoting collaboration across domains. The authors are convinced that implementing these strategies can further develop the agricultural social entrepreneurship ecosystem.Originality/valueThe study provides unique empirical insights into the agricultural social entrepreneurship ecosystem in the Philippines. The authors captured the narratives and experiences of key ecosystem stakeholders along the process. The authors have confidence that what the authors found can strategically guide policymakers and support organizations, educational institutions and social entrepreneurs to accelerate ecosystem development for greater social impact.

Анализ ценовой политики и уровня цен

The current problems of pricing and pricing policy of modern enterprises are reflected. The types and factors influencing the choice of pricing policy and setting the price level are considered in detail. It is noted that by correctly adjusting the prices of goods, the company can count on a stable income and meeting the growing consumer demand for high-quality and inexpensive products. It is also emphasized that the degree of financial well-being of a company largely depends on the ability to choose and put into practice a particular pricing model

Strategic exploration of sustainable drivers in innovating decision-making for disruptive policies through a facial expression-based fuzzy model

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to identify critical factors that affect the performance of disruptive innovation of the companies. In this process, a novel decision-making model has been constructed to achieve this objective. First, selected indicators for effective disruptive innovation policies are analysed with facial expression-based quantum spherical fuzzy DEMATEL. Furthermore, the second stage of the model consists of the ranking the performance of the Southeast Asian economies for the sustainable drivers of the disruptive innovation policies. Within this framework, facial expression-based quantum spherical fuzzy TOPSIS methodology is taken into consideration. The main contribution of this study is that considering facial expressions of the decision-makers helps to achieving more accurate results. In addition to this issue, integrating Spherical fuzzy numbers with DEMATEL and TOPSIS techniques contributes to make a more comprehensive evaluation so that uncertainty in decision-making processes can be handled more effectively. The findings indicate that market penetration has the highest importance to increase the performance of the disruptive innovation. On the other side, Singapore and Philippines has the greatest performance with respect to the disruptive innovation policies of small and medium enterprises.

New energy policy and green technology innovation of new energy enterprises: Evidence from China

The New Energy Demonstration City Policy (NEDCP) is a green development strategy with Chinese characteristics, while new energy enterprises (NEEs) are micro-foundations for quick energy transition to new energy resources. A difference-in-difference-in-differences (DDD) model and green patent application data for A-share listed NEEs in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2011 to 2019 are used to investigate the effect of NEDCP on the green technology innovation (GTI) of NEEs. We find that the NEDCP can significantly increase the GTI of NEEs. This promotional effect is mainly manifested in green invention patents, which include energy-saving and alternative energy patents. The NEDCP increases the GTI of non-state-owned companies and companies in regions focusing on the development of photovoltaic and biomass energy industries. The NEDCP promotes the GTI of NEEs by alleviating external financing constraints, strengthening internal incentives, and creating a favorable market environment. These findings are important for China to strengthen the GTI ability of enterprises through new energy policies, and can provide references for other developing economies.

Monetary policy, corporate credit and digital transformation

This paper investigates whether monetary policy and digital transformation of enterprises can increase corporate credit, using Chinese A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2014 to 2021. The results show that loose monetary policy can significantly increase corporate credit, while the higher the degree of enterprise digital transformation, the less favorable loose monetary policy is to increase corporate credit. Meanwhile, the heterogeneity analysis finds that the higher the degree of digital transformation of non-state-owned enterprises relative to state-owned enterprises, the more unfavorable loose monetary policy is in increasing corporate credit. The enterprise liquidity ratio is larger, the asset-liability ratio is smaller, and the size is moderate, the digital transformation of enterprises is more conducive to increasing corporate credit.

RESEARCH OF MARKETING PRICING OF ENTERPRISE POLICY

Abstract. Introduction. The article examines the economic concept of «price», «marketing pricing policy» and its interpretation by various domestic and foreign scientists. The process of the marketing policy of the enterprise's pricing and the use of various concepts of pricing, the choice of which depends on the characteristics of the product or service and the marketing goals of the enterprise, have been studied. Research in relation to a marketing pricing of enterprise policy is actual, as it will allow to decide the row of urgent problems, in particular, establishment of optimal price on products, increase of volumes of sales, increase of level of satisfaction of consumers and other and is especially appropriate in the conditions of strengthening of competition and introduction of new technologies in economic activity. The purpose of the article. Research of essence, maintenance and role of marketing pricing policy. Aims that can be attained by means of effective pricing policy. Metods. During research the methods of comparison, analysis, synthesis, abstraction, theoretical, historical and logical generalization are used. The dialectical method of research became methodological basis. Results. The essence of the economic concept "price", "marketing pricing policy" is revealed. It has been studied that the marketing policy of pricing is an important component of the company's marketing strategy. Formation of prices for goods and services requires the company to carefully analyze the market, competitors, consumers and own costs, and the main goal of pricing is to achieve maximum profit for the company. Conclusiоns. The analysis of the theoretical and practical aspects of marketing pricing policy showed the place and role that pricing policy plays in achieving strategic goals and ensuring the sustainable development of the enterprise, analyzed the main approaches to pricing and identified a number of factors affecting the choice of pricing strategy. It has been studied that in the process of marketing pricing policy, enterprises can use various concepts of pricing, such as price elasticity, competitiveness, consumer orientation and others. The choice of the pricing concept should depend on the characteristics of the product or service, as well as on the marketing goals of the enterprise. Further research is seen appropriate to point at sound determination of marketing strategies of companies of different patterns of ownership.

New Energy Demonstration City Policy and Green Innovation of New Energy Enterprises——A Quasi-Natural Experiment Based on Green Patent Applications of Listed Companies in China

The innovation and development of the new energy industry is crucial to guaranteeing China's energy security, promoting high-quality economic development and alleviating the global climate crisis. New Energy Demonstration City Policy (NEDC) is one of the important policies to promote the development of the new energy industry in China. Academic research on their green innovation effect on new energy enterprises and the explanation of their influence mechanism still needs to be deepened. This paper utilizes panel data from listed companies in China spanning from 2011 to 2019 and employs the triple difference method to empirically investigate the impact of NEDC on the green innovation of new energy enterprises. Findings of the study are as follows: (1) The implementation of NEDC significantly promotes green innovation among new energy enterprises, a conclusion that holds true under a series of robustness tests; (2) Further analysis suggests that, from the perspective of patent heterogeneity, the "incremental" manifestation of this policy effect is more pronounced; (3) From the perspective of ownership heterogeneity, distinct from state-owned enterprises, the promotion of green innovation among private new energy enterprises is notably significant under the policy; (4) Mechanism analysis reveals that NEDC can alter the ways in which new energy enterprises acquire and utilize funds, thereby increasing R&D investment and facilitating green innovation. The research conclusions of this paper bear certain policy implications, providing theoretical foundations and empirical references for government departments to optimize and promote NEDC.

Formation of an effective social policy at domestic enterprises in conditions of uncertainty

Methods. The article is based on the use of such research methods as: scientific abstraction – when defining the essence of the concept of «enterprise social policy»; system analysis in terms of the application of the decomposition of elements – when distinguishing the components of the construction of social policy at the enterprise; general and specific – when establishing the relationship between the social policy of the state and the social policy of the enterprise; statistical methods – when analyzing income under social protection schemes in Ukraine for the period 2018–2022. Results. The analysis of theoretical and methodological approaches to the definition of the concept of «social policy of the enterprise» was carried out, and the author’s vision of its essence was proposed. The levels of social policy implementation by economic entities were identified and its functions at each of the levels were distinguished. The structure of the social policy at the enterprise is considered and the following directions are singled out: employment policy, income policy, policy of cooperation between employers and trade unions, policy of social security and social protection, policy of improving the quality of employees, working life, etc. The interdependence between the social policy of the state and the social policy of the enterprise was established, its connection with the socio-economic indicators of business development was demonstrated, and it was proved that it is the basis for an active policy of developing the intellectual potential of the enterprise. The analysis of financial income under schemes of social protection of the population in Ukraine for the period 2018–2022 was carried out, as well as a detailed analysis of the types of income that form the basis for ensuring social protection of the population in 2022. Novelty. The author’s definition of the concept of «enterprise social policy» is provided, namely: it is presented as management of the process of providing social services and creating appropriate conditions for employees of enterprises and their families, motivating and increasing the effectiveness of their innovative and creative abilities, with the aim of forming adaptive and progressive development business entities and the state. A model of social policy formation as a basis for the development of intellectual potential at the enterprise is proposed. Practical value. Based on the data of the analysis, it was determined that the social policy of the domestic enterprise is part of the social policy of the state, and therefore is in close interdependence with the directions of its implementation at the national level of the functioning of the economy. That is why the attention of the management of enterprises to the activities of the state in the social sphere, which is discussed in this article, can contribute to the formation of more real social orientations of business.

The green finance pilot policy and investment efficiency of industrial enterprises

ABSTRACT How does the Green Finance Pilot Policy (GFPP) in China impact the investment efficiency (IE) of industrial enterprises? Utilizing the establishment of green finance reform and innovation pilot zones in eight regions across five provinces in 2017 as a quasi-natural experiment, this paper applies the difference-in-differences method to assess the impact of the GFPP on the IE in the industrial sector. Our findings reveal that the GFPP significantly boosts IE by addressing issues of overinvestment. Furthermore, the GFPP enhances IE by reducing debt financing and improving information transparency. We recommend that policymakers further promote the GFPP and strengthen information disclosure regulations to guide rational investment in industrial enterprises.

Promoting Community Enterprises in Thailand: Challenges and Opportunities

Objective: The study examines how policy implementation, policy network management, and capacity building can help promote community enterprises in Thailand. Theoretical Framework: A theoretical approach has been used in this study. Concepts such as Small and Micro Community Enterprise Policies, Policy Networks, Policy Implementation, and Community Enterprise Management Potential have been considered. Method: This qualitative study examined how policy implementation, policy network management, and capacity building can help promote community enterprises in Thailand. Several government agencies and community enterprises were interviewed for the research. While community enterprise promotion policies are widely supported, there are challenges in tailoring them to local contexts and ensuring effective collaboration among stakeholders. Bottom-up and context-sensitive policymaking is needed, as well as stronger interorganizational coordination and data sharing mechanisms. Results and Discussion: The research highlights the importance of tailoring policies to local contexts, fostering collaboration among stakeholders, and addressing capacity building needs in a comprehensive manner to promote the success of community enterprises in Thailand. The findings offer guidance for policymakers and practitioners while also suggesting areas for further research to deepen understanding and inform future interventions. Research Implications: This study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of what it takes to promote community enterprises in Thailand and offers valuable guidance for policymakers and practitioners working to support community-based entrepreneurship. The findings underscore the importance of context-sensitive policies, strong collaboration among stakeholders, and a holistic approach to capacity building. Originality/Value: The study contributes to a nuanced understanding of what shapes community enterprise success in Thailand. This report offers policymakers and practitioners valuable insights into creating an enabling environment for community-based entrepreneurship.

Hazardous alcohol consumption in slow- and fast-privatized Russian industrial towns

Hazardous drinking, defined as the consumption of homemade, unofficially made alcohol and non-beverages, is prevalent and accounts for a high proportion of alcohol-related deaths in Russia. Individual-level characteristics are important explanations of hazardous drinking, but they are unlikely to explain spatial variation in this type of alcohol consumption. Areas that attracted insufficient attention in the research of hazardous drinking are the legacy of industrialization and the speed of economic reforms, mainly through the privatization policy of major enterprises in the 1990s. Applying mixed-effects logistic regressions to a unique dataset from 30 industrial towns in the European part of Russia, we find that in addition to individual-level characteristics such as gender, age, marital status, education, social isolation, labor market status, and material deprivation, the types of towns where informants’ relatives resided such as industrial structure and speed of privatization also accounted for the variance in hazardous alcohol consumption among both male and female populations of the analyzed towns.

Evaluation of Firms Supports Policies

Purpose: This study evaluates, analyzes, and measures support policy for small and medium enterprises in Hanoi to propose some recommendations to help small and medium enterprises improve business performance and expand scale. Theoretical Framework: In terms of scale, among the SMEs operating in the area, SMEs in the non-state sector account for the largest proportion, estimated at about 97.2%. This shows that SMEs in the non-state sector contribute an important part to Hanoi's economy. The average production and business capital of non-state-owned SMEs increased by 10.2%. This may represent the development and performance enhancement of firms in this area. Method/Design/Approach: A survey was conducted with the participation of 210 employees of SMEs in Hanoi, including the board of directors and sales department heads. Analytical methods such as descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and ANOVA analyses are used to test and measure the scales. Results and Conclusion: Research results show that support policies for small and medium enterprises in Hanoi are highly appreciated. There is no statistically significant difference in the support policy for small and medium enterprises in Hanoi between these different genders, ages, job positions, business operating times, and business sectors. Research Implications: This research uses the contents of the support policy for small and medium enterprises in Hanoi and the business performance of SMEs in Hanoi based on prior studies in the realm of firms. Within the context of the digital transformation of the entire society and industrial revolution 4.0, these variables are useful solutions for SMEs. Originality/Value: This study uses a new research methodology to evaluate and measure the support policy for small and medium enterprises in Hanoi. The paper's primary contribution is findings that benefit the SMEs in Hanoi in the improvement of their scale expansion and business performance.

Policy drivers and tools influencing the development of social enterprises in Taiwan

PurposeTaiwan promotes social enterprises with the Social Enterprise Action Plan and Social Innovation Action Plan, focusing on solving social problems and achieving sustainable development goals. This study aims to clarify the impetus for the above policies and determines whether the relevant policy tools can achieve the established policy goals.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts the in-depth interview method and uses the “social impact investment framework” constructed by OEDC and Dunn’s definition of public policy stakeholders to select 22 respondents, who were divided into three groups.FindingsTaiwan’s decision-making in social enterprise policy is mainly driven by the pressure of youth unemployment and the 318-student movement. Intrinsic motivation strategies popularized the concept of social enterprise. Various strategies are used to break the limitations and diversify the organization, trigger more diverse social investments, broaden the goals of investment and complete the social enterprise ecosystem through these. Taiwan’s social enterprise policies are consistent with the global trend of “replacing subsidies with investment.”Originality/valueThis study shows that social enterprises generate mutual benefits between investors and social enterprises, that is, achieve free matching through external mechanisms. This study fills the gaps in Oliver’s “behavioral cube” framework of policy instruments. A “behavioral four-dimensional matrix” composed of nudge, shove, budge and reciprocity is proposed to complete the framework for social enterprise policy analysis tools.

Who will Spend more Pollution Abatement Costs: does Size Matter?

This paper looks at the relationship between enterprise size and pollution abatement costs using firm-level datasets in China, where size-dependent distortions may exist in the distribution of enterprises of different sizes. We find that the pollution abatement costs decrease with enterprise size. Compared to the smallest size, the magnitudes of marginal decreases in pollution abatement costs per 1000 CNY of industrial output in the largest size are 3.29 CNY, 0.54 CNY and 2.60 CNY for gas, SO2 and dust, respectively. Moreover, we further explore the potential mechanisms for the decrease of pollution abatement costs from three perspectives: environmental protection-related investment, regulation intensity, and technological capability. Our findings suggest that the decrease in the intensity of environmental protection-related investment for large enterprises may be directly reduce the intensity of pollution abatement costs. Although large enterprises have low intensity of pollution abatement costs, this does not mean that they are subject to weaker environmental regulation. More importantly, we find that large enterprises may have more adoption of abatement technologies. For SO2 and dust, the pollutant removal efficiency of the largest enterprises is 4.92% and 1.82% higher than that of the smallest enterprises, respectively. Our results are robust to different specifications. These findings help us enact appropriate policies for enterprises based on their size, thereby improving the efficacy of pollution abatement and achieving the optimal level of pollution abatement for the entire society.

INNOVATIVE ANTI-CRISIS MANAGEMENT AT TRADE ENTERPRISES IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION AND RISKS IN UKRAINE

The article examines the activities of commercial enterprises during the crisis caused by the war, the coronavirus, and the European integration aspirations of Ukraine as a candidate for membership in the European Union. Despite the significant number of publications on anti-crisis policy, there are still unresolved problems related to risk management in the process of ensuring the anti-crisis policy of trade enterprises in the global economic uncertainty. Most of the companies in this sector suffered collapse and bankruptcy due to the complexity of operating conditions during this difficult period: power cuts, labour migration, changes in international and domestic supply conditions, selection of new suppliers, destruction of road and warehouse infrastructure, and the search for new logistics routes. The aim of this article is to offer practical recommendations that will help retailers strengthen their resilience, adapt to the changing environment through innovative crisis management measures, and quickly recover from the crisis to reach or exceed the previous level of financial and operational stability. The research methodology involves a two-pronged approach: a qualitative study through a literature review and interviews, which gives an idea of crisis management, and quantitative methods, including surveys and analysis of financial indicators. The article examines the activities of trade enterprises in the crisis period of the pre-war years, i.e., the time of the pandemic's impact on the dynamics of trade. It analyses the losses of retailers during the war. The objectives of crisis financial management are defined. The relationship between crisis management and the solvency and financial stability of trade enterprises is determined. The impact of insolvency of trade enterprises on the payment of wages to employees is identified. The authors propose a number of anti-crisis measures for trade enterprises in the context of wartime and a global pandemic, such as transition to online trading using marketing strategies and plans, cost reduction, effective inventory management, modelling the sensitivity of financial indicators to changes in the external environment, and search for innovative opportunities. Attention is focused on the growing role of human capital in business recovery, including the importance of staff training and professional development, improvement of motivation systems and human resource management. The paper suggests ways to increase labour productivity, such as process automation and the effective use of data analytics. Results. Thus, the objective need for innovative tools for crisis management of trade enterprises becomes a key element of research in the context of European integration and wartime.

Effects of the three-child policy on the employment bias against professional women: evidence from 260 enterprises in Jiangxi province

AbstractBased on the samples from 260 enterprises in Jiangxi Province in 2022, this study examines the enterprises’ employment attitudes towards female employees from the perspective of HR managers. Through factor analysis, one-way analysis of variance, product-moment correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis, this study investigates the female employment bias and its underlying mechanism across five dimensions: employee change, career development bias, policy impact, job competency and gender bias. The research findings confirm the employment bias against professional women by employers. The study reveals that the implementation of China’s three-child policy has exacerbated employment bias against female employees, especially in male-dominated enterprises. It is therefore recommended to provide more preferential policies for such enterprises. Furthermore, job competency has a significant negative correlation with gender employment bias. Continuing education and skills training are effective measures for professional women of childbearing age, particularly those in low-skilled jobs. With the further implementation of the three-child policy, this study anticipates a more challenging employment or promotion prospects for professional women. This study has also indirectly confirmed the employment dilemma of professional women of childbearing age, indicating potential obstacles in achieving the intended outcomes of the three-child policy.

Research of Financing Opportunities from the ESG Policy for Chinese Enterprises

Research of Financing Opportunities from the ESG Policy for Chinese Enterprises

The road to sustainable development: exploring the impact of green technology innovation and environmental regulation on the green competitiveness of heavily polluting manufacturing industries

This study tests the impact of green technology innovation (GTI) from green innovation output (GTIO) and green innovation efficiency (GTIE) on green competitiveness (GTFP) and the non-linear moderating effect of environmental regulation (ERI) using a sample of 156 listed enterprises in heavily polluting manufacturing industries from 2016 to 2021. Results show that GTIO promotes GTFP, but GTIE inhibits GTFP. ERI has a significant “U-shaped” moderating effect between GTI and GTFP. Non-state-owned enterprises have relatively weak GTI ability but stronger sensitivity to ERI. Enterprises with high market concentration have outstanding GTI strength and can form positive interactions with ERI. High GTFP enterprises’ GTI has a more positive impact on GTFP, but the ERI is better coupled with GTIO in low GTFP enterprises. Our findings imply that policymakers should formulate appropriate environmental policies for enterprises in different situations, while enterprises should respond positively to ERI through multiple channels to enhance green competitiveness.

Social enterprise governance and labor equity: the emerging role of work-integrated social enterprises in a niche labor market

PurposeThis paper analyzes how a national social enterprise policy encourages the social missions of social enterprises and uncovers the relationships between social enterprise governance and labor equity, an area that has been rarely studied in nonprofit governance studies.Design/methodology/approachThe study analyzes the effects of four legal requirements for work-integrated social enterprises (WISEs) codified by the Social Enterprises Promotion Act (SEPA, 2007) in South Korea. Then, it relies on panel regression analysis (2020–2022) to examine how the compositions of the governance of WISEs are related to their hiring and wage equity.FindingsThe institutional arrangements required by SEPA have resulted in positive social impacts for most WISEs. However, the results of regression models show that individual participant groups in the WISE governance achieved mixed results depending on the labor issue.Research limitations/implicationsGenerally, this research explores the concept of diversity and its utility in nonprofit governance, with a particular focus on targeted diversity policies, demonstrating that governance arrangements influence the success of these policies.Practical implicationsThe findings bring new insights for policymakers about “altruistic economic entities.” For practitioners in social enterprises, the results of the regression models underscore the importance of understanding the participant composition of decision-making meetings.Originality/valueThis study sheds light on labor equity, which government-certified social enterprises should achieve from the perspective of nonprofit governance.