Study Of Policy Implementation Research Articles

Study of Policy Implementation: Strategy of COVID-19 Plastic Waste Management in Indonesia

Plastic waste is an issue highlighted in Indonesia, especially the management of plastic waste and COVID-19 plastic waste. Now it is often the talk of society about how to manage plastic waste, COVID-19 plastic waste, and why people throw it away not according to regulations. This study aims to analyze the weaknesses of the waste management policy strategy and provide the best solution. A qualitative research approach using purposive sampling has been determined for policy-makers at the provincial and city levels, COVID-19 waste and waste managers, informal community leaders, and community members. Initial data was obtained using a Systematic Literature Review, and further data was obtained from in-depth interviews with 180 key informants. The results of this study indicate that the success of COVID-19 plastic waste management will run more optimally if it is communicated to the entire community community through the information, communication, and education program, follows procedures, has an adequate budget, increases knowledge through training, and disseminates regulations to improve community behavior. The contribution of this research lies in two key factors; namely, success is largely determined by the involvement of the House of Representatives Province and City to increase the budget for plastic waste and Covid-19 waste management and increase public knowledge through regulatory communication.

Establishment of Map of theTerritorial Boundaries in Batu Sub-District ofBatu Cityin Indonesia(Study of Government Policy Implementation based on Minister of Home Affairs RegulationNumber 45 of 2016 concerning Guidelines and Affirmation of Village Boundaries)

Establishment of Map of theTerritorial Boundaries in Batu Sub-District ofBatu Cityin Indonesia(Study of Government Policy Implementation based on Minister of Home Affairs RegulationNumber 45 of 2016 concerning Guidelines and Affirmation of Village Boundaries)

Utilization of the Integrated Service Application System (SIAPEL) in Civil Service Retirement Administration Services (Study of Employment Policy Implementation based on Malang Regency Regional Regulation Number 5 of 2012 concerning the Implementation of Malang Regency Public Services)

Utilization of the Integrated Service Application System (SIAPEL) in Civil Service Retirement Administration Services (Study of Employment Policy Implementation based on Malang Regency Regional Regulation Number 5 of 2012 concerning the Implementation of Malang Regency Public Services)

Innovation for Handling Stunting Based on Community Empowerment in Gampong Ara, Kembang Tanjong Sub-District,Pidie District, Aceh Provinceof Indonesia(Study of Policy Implementation Based on Pidie Regent Regulation Number 77 of 2017 about Reduction in Stunting)

Data from the Department of Health of Pidie District in 2018, there are 557 out of 35,235 toddlers who suffer from stunting (1.5%), and in 2019 there were 2,667 of 37,309 toddlers (7.1%) and in 2020 to 962 people from 37,854 toddlers (2.5 %). This is different from the general phenomenon in Pidie District, in Ara Village in 2017 there are 13 stunting and 4 cases in 2019, and no more in 2020. This study aims to analyze the innovation of stunting handling based on community empowerment in Gampong Ara, Kembang Tanjong Sub-District, Pidie District, Aceh Province based on the Pidie Regent Regulation number 77 of 2017 about the Reduction of Stunting and its driving and inhibiting factors. The research approach uses a case study-based qualitative method. Information data were collected using interviews, observation, documentation studies, and data consistency test was conducted using triangulation test. Data analysis used the interactive process of Miles and Huberman (2014), with the stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing and verification. The results of the study show that the mechanisms and procedures for stunting handling in Ara Village, based on the Pidie Regent Regulation number 77 of 2017, implemented with several innovations, namely: (1) make use of the Rumoh Gizi Gampong (RGG) as a center for community empowerment-based activities; (2) build relationships by utilizing networks within the framework of governance; and (3) accumulate funding supported by the government and the community in nature form, as well as (4) the existence of initiatives to address weak human resources through capacity building. Failure in stunting handling prominently can be caused by a lack of knowledge, low human resources, weak support from the village government, there is a wrong perception about clean and healthy living behavior (PHBS), and poor environmental health. Based on the findings above, This study concludes that innovation from policy implementation can provide effective results, when pushed by the structure of network relations within the governance framework, empowerment-based community participation development, funding support is collaborative between the government and the community by prioritizing local culture, and the existence of initiatives that are implemented as a solution to overcome the existing inhibiting factors. Theoretically, this research provides a critique of the theory of Edward III, on the resource aspect, that the presence of weak resources can be substituted by strengthening capacity, so that policy implementation can run, even opening up space for innovation.

Quantitative measures used in empirical evaluations of mental health policy implementation: A systematic review.

Mental health is a critical component of wellness. Public policies present an opportunity for large-scale mental health impact, but policy implementation is complex and can vary significantly across contexts, making it crucial to evaluate implementation. The objective of this study was to (1) identify quantitative measurement tools used to evaluate the implementation of public mental health policies; (2) describe implementation determinants and outcomes assessed in the measures; and (3) assess the pragmatic and psychometric quality of identified measures. Guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, Policy Implementation Determinants Framework, and Implementation Outcomes Framework, we conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed journal articles published in 1995-2020. Data extracted included study characteristics, measure development and testing, implementation determinants and outcomes, and measure quality using the Psychometric and Pragmatic Evidence Rating Scale. We identified 34 tools from 25 articles, which were designed for mental health policies or used to evaluate constructs that impact implementation. Many measures lacked information regarding measurement development and testing. The most assessed implementation determinants were readiness for implementation, which encompassed training (n = 20, 57%) and other resources (n = 12, 34%), actor relationships/networks (n = 15, 43%), and organizational culture and climate (n = 11, 31%). Fidelity was the most prevalent implementation outcome (n = 9, 26%), followed by penetration (n = 8, 23%) and acceptability (n = 7, 20%). Apart from internal consistency and sample norms, psychometric properties were frequently unreported. Most measures were accessible and brief, though minimal information was provided regarding interpreting scores, handling missing data, or training needed to administer tools. This work contributes to the nascent field of policy-focused implementation science by providing an overview of existing measurement tools used to evaluate mental health policy implementation and recommendations for measure development and refinement. To advance this field, more valid, reliable, and pragmatic measures are needed to evaluate policy implementation and close the policy-to-practice gap. Mental health is a critical component of wellness, and public policies present an opportunity to improve mental health on a large scale. Policy implementation is complex because it involves action by multiple entities at several levels of society. Policy implementation is also challenging because it can be impacted by many factors, such as political will, stakeholder relationships, and resources available for implementation. Because of these factors, implementation can vary between locations, such as states or countries. It is crucial to evaluate policy implementation, thus we conducted a systematic review to identify and evaluate the quality of measurement tools used in mental health policy implementation studies. Our search and screening procedures resulted in 34 measurement tools. We rated their quality to determine if these tools were practical to use and would yield consistent (i.e., reliable) and accurate (i.e., valid) data. These tools most frequently assessed whether implementing organizations complied with policy mandates and whether organizations had the training and other resources required to implement a policy. Though many were relatively brief and available at little-to-no cost, these findings highlight that more reliable, valid, and practical measurement tools are needed to assess and inform mental health policy implementation. Findings from this review can guide future efforts to select or develop policy implementation measures.

Recontextualizing street‐level bureaucracy in the developing world

AbstractThis Special Issue was driven by the need to better understand the theoretical, methodological, and practical implications of the growing mobilization of the street‐level bureaucracy (SLB) analytical framework in the study of state action and policy implementation in the developing world. Our curiosity rested on what has been happening to the framework in terms of empirical applications as well as the consequent challenges to the theory when it travels from the Global North to the Global South. We wanted to learn more about the evolution of ideas and theoretical propositions developed on the basis of some important assumptions—such as consolidated liberal states and advanced democracies—when they reach the specific conditions and varying contexts of states and societies in the developing world.

Achieving Spread, Scale Up and Sustainability of Video Consulting Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic? Findings From a Comparative Case Study of Policy Implementation in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.

Requirements for physical distancing as a result of COVID-19 and the need to reduce the risk of infection prompted policy supporting rapid roll out of video consulting across the four nations of the UK—England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Drawing on three studies of the accelerated implementation and uptake of video consulting across the four nations, we present a comparative and interpretive policy analysis of the spread and scale-up of video consulting during the pandemic. Data include interviews with 59 national level stakeholders, 55 health and social care staff and 30 patients, 20 national documents, responses to a UK-wide survey of NHS staff and analysis of routine activity data. Sampling ensured variations in geography, clinical context and adoption progress across the combined dataset. Comparative analysis was guided by theory on policy implementation and crisis management. The pandemic provided a “burning platform” prompting UK-wide policy supporting the use of video consulting in health care as a critical means of managing the risk of infection and a standard mode of provision. This policy push facilitated interest in video consulting across the UK. There was, however, marked variation in how this was put into practice across the four nations. Pre-existing infrastructure, policies and incentives for video consulting in Scotland, combined with a collaborative system-level approach, a program dedicated to developing video-based services and resourcing and supporting staff to deliver them enabled widespread buy-in and rapid spread. In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, pre-existing support for digital health (e.g., hardware, incentives) and virtual care, combined with reduced regulation and “light touch” procurement managed to override some (but by no means all) cultural barriers and professional resistance to implementing digital change. In Northern Ireland and Wales, limited infrastructure muted spread. In all three countries, significant effort at system level to develop, review and run video consulting programs enabled a substantial number of providers to change their practice, albeit variably across settings. Across all four nations ongoing uncertainty, potential restructuring and tightening of regulations, along with difficulties inherent in addressing inequalities in digital access, raise questions about the longer-term sustainability of changes to-date.

Analysis of the Implementation of the Federal Government's Sports Incentive Law: A Look at Proponents

This article aims to identify the legal nature of proponents institutions who participate in the mechanism of the Sports Incentive Law (LIE), Law n⁰ 11.438/2006, confirming or refuting the hypothesis of absolute majority representing the considered Third Sector organizations and, from this, understanding the relationship of this implementing actor, non-state, with the Government, in the light of the so-called fourth generation of public policy implementation studies. For this purpose, the documentary research method with secondary data collection from the Special Sports Secretariat was used through a quantitative approach, as well as a qualitative approach through the analysis of semi-structured interviews with managers of the proposing institutions. Theoretical basis for understanding and analyzing the implementation of the LIE was given by the light of the fourth generation of public policy implementation studies characterized by multiple models. As results, was confirmed the domain of the Third Sector as the main executor of the projects, ahead of other private associations and public institutions, pointing to the need for specific attention from the Brazilian Government to these actors, in the policy implementation. In this sense, the possibility of an analytical framework based on the new institutional arrangements is ratified.

Implementing Universal and Targeted Policies for Health Equity: Lessons From Australia.

Debate continues in public health on the roles of universal or targeted policies in providing equity of access to health-related goods or services, and thereby contributing to health equity. Research examining policy implementation can provide fresh insights on these issues. We synthesised findings across case studies of policy implementation in four policy areas of primary healthcare (PHC), telecommunications, Indigenous health and land use policy, which incorporated a variety of universal and targeted policy structures. We analysed findings according to three criteria of equity in access - availability, affordability and acceptability - and definitions of universal, proportionate-universal, targeted and residual policies, and devolved governance structures. Our analysis showed that existing universal, proportionate-universal and targeted policies in an Australian context displayed strengths and weaknesses in addressing availability, affordability and acceptability dimensions of equity in access. While residualist policies are unfavourable to equity of access, other forms of targeting as well as universal and proportionate-universal structure have the potential to be combined in context-specific ways favourable to equity of access to health-related goods and services. To optimise benefits, policies should address equity of access in the three dimensions of availability, affordability and acceptability. Devolved governance structures have the potential to augment equity benefits of either universal or targeted policies.

The impact of skills and training on local development

The impact of skills and training on local development

The Study of Policy Implementation on Teaching Observation in Darasamutr School Sriracha, Chon Buri, Thailand

This research aims to determine the level of policy implementation on teaching observation in Darasamutr School, Thailand. It likewise explored the factors affecting such level of implementation. Three population samples were considered for the study, namely elementary teachers, high school teachers and administrators. Perceptions among these sample groups on the level of policy implementation were statistically compared Data collected from a total of 234 respondents revealed a consistent observatio on the high evel of policy implementation on teaching observation on the said campus. Significant differences however were noted along ethical protocols specifically between elementary teachers and administrators. The top three factors identified to be potently affecting the level of policy implementation were Teacher factor, Evaluation tool factor and Miscellaneous factor. Furthermore, some administrative challenges were identified by the administrator respondents. The study’s conclusion points to some key areas along the implementation process needing review and revision. Relevant recommendations were then endorsed in order to facilitate optimal effectiveness and relevance of teacher evaluation. Finally, a concept map was drawn to highlight the proposed process flowchart for the campus implementation on teaching evaluation and observation.

Implementation of a Motor Vehicle Testing Policy in the City of Bandung

This research is focused on the primary issue, namely the importance of Motor Vehicle Testing in the development of roadworthy vehicles. It is expected that certain difficulties remain in executing the Motor Vehicle Testing Policy in the City of Bandung. The study of policy implementation is framed within the framework of public policy and public administration, which serves as the primary theory for creating public administration knowledge. The purpose of this study is to examine the Motor Vehicle Testing Policy's implementation in achieving roadworthy vehicles in Bandung City. The researchers employed a qualitative approach and descriptive methodologies in their investigation. The overall conclusion is that while the implementation of the Motor Vehicle Testing Policy at the Bandung City Transportation Agency's Office of the Motor Vehicle Testing Unit is outstanding, there are still flaws. Repairing an inadequate institutional structure as perceived from afar, as well as a demanding task but insufficient authority and institutional position. Testing resources are in short supply. To operate effectively, there must be a plan for executing a motor vehicle testing policy.

African American Head Start Teachers’ Approaches to Police Play in the Era of Black Lives Matter

Background:Scholars in the fields of early childhood education (ECE) and multicultural education have argued that preschools are key sites in which children learn about race and racism. However, there is little research on how teachers negotiate conflicting tensions and enact antiracist approaches within Head Start (HS) classrooms that use comprehensive and commercialized curriculums.Study Purpose:This article is about the challenges early childhood educators face when young children (ages 3–5) bring painful and uncomfortable issues of race, racism, and incarceration to preschool. This study is part of the research project Negotiating Head Start Curriculum (NHSC), a comparative study of policy implementation in four cultural communities in the United States. Here we focus on educators’ response to the “Jail Scene,” a pivotal scene taped in an HS classroom serving African American children.Research Design:The method used in the NHSC project is a multivocal ethnographic research method combined with a comparative case study design. We selected classrooms in each community that implemented both Creative Curriculum® and Teaching Strategies Gold®, led by experienced teachers in Chicanx and Latinx, Samoan, and white Appalachian communities. We made videotapes of similar activities across all sites. We then used these videos as cues for focus group interviews with educators (teachers, directors, and instructional personnel). We applied constant comparative, Critical Discourse Analysis, and Voloshinovian literary analysis to 41 interview transcripts of 132 educators’ talks.Findings:Analysis of transcripts indicates Black teachers are more likely to recognize racism, including the effects of incarceration and arrest on children’s talk and play, in ways unavailable to teachers from outside their community. Despite extant research suggesting early childhood teachers of color are no more likely to engage with young children about racism than white teachers, our study found that Black teachers offer nuanced, careful, and responsive approaches to antiracist pedagogy. They respond in sensitive, child-led, playful ways, inserting counternarratives within the confines of scripted curricula.Conclusions:ECE teachers’ disparity of interpretation has particular importance as ECE moves to professionalize the field. If elementary school patterns are any indication, the field should expect a sharp increase in the percentage of white, middle-class teachers instructing children of color. Unintentionally, these teachers may fail to recognize the play and talk to contain challenges born out of racism and inequality. We suggest policymakers, curriculum designers, and the broader field of ECE must carefully consider the approaches of teachers of color and take these approaches seriously.

To Achieve the Same as the Others? Policy Preconditions for Successful Higher Education Governance

ABSTRACT Higher Education (HE) Institutions in different European countries have been steered towards an increased level of quality and performance through a comparable market governance approach. Despite the comparability of the applied governance instruments, the question remains whether these also yield comparable results in different HE systems. Building on policy implementation studies, this article analyses the importance of policy preconditions for and the effects of governance instruments in three distinct HE systems (Flanders, Italy, Finland). It is concluded that goal unclarity and a lack of support are potentially detrimental for the impact of the introduced policy.

Applying the Realist Evaluation Approach to the Complex Process of Policy Implementation-The Case of the User Fee Exemption Policy for Cesarean Section in Benin.

Realist evaluation is making inroads in the field of health policy and systems research to a large extent because of its good fit with complex issues. Until now, most realist studies focused on evaluating interventions or projects related to health care delivery, organization of health services, education, management, and leadership of health workers in high income countries. With this paper, we apply the realist approach to the study of national health policy implementation in a low resource country. We use the case of the user fee exemption policy for cesarean section in Benin, which we followed up from 2009 to 2018. We report on how realist evaluation can be applied for policy implementation research. We illustrate how we developed the initial programme theory—the starting point of any realist evaluation -, how we designed the study and data collection tools, and how we analyzed the data. For each step, we present current good practices, how we adapted them when needed, the challenges and the lessons learned. We report also on how the dynamic interactions between the central level (the national implementing agency) and the peripheral level (an implementing hospital) shaped the policy implementation. We found that at central level, availability of resources for a given policy is constantly challenged in the competitive national resource allocation arena. Key factors include the political power and the legitimacy of the group supporting the policy. These are influenced by the policy implementation structure, how the actual outputs of the implementation align with promises of the group supporting the policy and consequently how these outputs, the policy and its promoters are perceived by the community. We found that the service providers are key to the implementation, and that they are constrained or influenced by the dependability of the funding, their autonomy, their personal background, and the accountability arrangements. This study can inform the design and implementation of national health policies that involve interactions between central and operational level in other low-income countries.

Model Implementation of Flood Control Policies Based on Community Participation (Study of Policy Implementation in Flood Hazard Management in Purwantoro Village, Malang City)

The purpose of this study for this study aims to create a model for implementing community participation-based flood control policies to mobilize people to play an active role in flood control programs and environmental management in densely populated urban areas. To achieve these objectives, this study has a specific objective, namely to describe and analyze a model of flood management based on community participation in urban areas in Malang City based on Malang City Regulation No. 5 of 2016. The method of this study uses a qualitative approach that is descriptive. The community participation-based flood control policy model is a public participation-based public policy implementation model that is not only focused on overcoming flood problems but also provides benefits to the surrounding community in the form of job opportunities and provides additional economic value in the form of harvested eggplant, chili, catfish, and tomato. Thus, this control policy model is a community participation-based flood control policy with a new approach in the form of a synergy of 4 (four) stakeholders, namely: government, academia, business and local communities. DOI: 10.7176/JESD/12-12-08 Publication date: June 30 th 2021

Enlisting citizens: forging the effectiveness of policy implementation in local China

This article examines how the Chinese government increases the effectiveness of policy implementation by resorting to citizen participation. Based on an in-depth case study of the waste classification policy implementation in county T, province Z, this article demonstrates three citizen-enlistment strategies applied in the local state: (1) local-elites enlistment, (2) social norms innovation, and (3) blurring the role boundaries between citizens and frontline bureaucrats. This article also illustrates the citizen-enlistment motivations of governments: (1) to increase the dynamic and controllable working staff in policy implementation, (2) to maintain a flexible social control system to reduce accountability pressure, and (3) to overcome information asymmetry by holding citizens responsible for their suggestions and claims. In general, the citizen-enlistment strategies, to some extent, facilitate the effectiveness of policy implementation in the local state.

A Study of Policy Implementation and Community Participation in the Municipal Solid Waste Management in the Philippines

Municipal solid waste (MSW) management has become one of the most pressing environmental concerns of the Philippines at present. Several measures have been implemented to circumvent this issue, including waste management policies stipulated in the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2001. However, the implementation of these policies even at the barangay level has always been a challenge. Hence, this study assessed the compliance of selected barangays in Cebu City, Philippines, specifically to the integrated solid waste management plan based on the 3R’s (reduce, reuse, and recycle). A descriptive quantitative method was utilized in this study. There were 1523 residents and 30 Barangay Environment Officials identified as respondents based on Slovin’s sampling method at a 95% confidence level. The results revealed that there is less extent of compliance in almost all of the SWM policies such as segregation, composting, recycling, incentives, and public information. There is a moderate extent of compliance in terms of collection and transport of solid waste and enforcement of penalties and fines. However, there is non-compliance in terms of facilities for final disposal. Furthermore, the results suggested that effective measures for recycling and composting should be undertaken to encourage higher participation among residents of the barangay. The presence of effective, functional, and marketable materials resource facilities and convenient drop-off locations for recyclable materials ensure final sorting according to its type for composting and recycling.

Harmonization of Disaster Management Policies in Disaster-Prone Areas(Study of Policy Implementation based on Regional Regulation of East Java Province Number 3 of 2010 on Disaster Management in East Java Province, Indonesia)

This study aims to describe and analyze the harmonization of the implementation of disaster management policies in disaster-prone areas based on the East Java Provincial Regulation Number 3 of 2010 concerning Disaster Management in East Java Province and the supporting and inhibiting factors in the harmonization of the implementation of disaster management policies in disaster-prone areas based on East Java Provincial Regulation Number 3 of 2010 concerning Disaster Management in East Java Province. This study uses a qualitative approach. The analysis technique in this study follows the steps of Strauss and Corbin data analysis in grounded theory. Implementation of Policy Harmonization of Disaster Management Policy includes: Human resources are the only resources that have a reason, feeling, desire, abilities, skills, knowledge, power, and work. All of these potentials greatly affect the government's efforts in dealing with natural disasters. Human resources are meant not only from the local government but also from the community in it. The policy strategy, implementation of natural disaster management, especially landslides in Batu City, East Java Province has not been optimal. This non-optimality cannot be separated from the lack of efficiency and effectiveness of the policies and implementation environment established by the Batu City Government. Community participation, the role of the community involved in pre-disaster, during the disaster, and post-disaster. During a disaster, the role of the community is to participate in making disaster risk analysis, conducting research related to disasters, carrying out disaster prevention efforts, cooperate with the government in mitigation efforts, participate in education, training and socialization of disaster management, and work together to create a Disaster Preparedness Village. The government's commitment is to carry out education, socialization and disaster management simulations, improvement of ecosystems in disaster-prone and vulnerable areas, development planning based on disaster mitigation, disaster resilience in infrastructure, disaster financing schemes, meeting the emergency needs of disaster victims and other midwives that are mutually agreed upon. Supporting factors in the implementation of policy harmonization of disaster management policies: power, interests, and strategies of the actors involved, characteristics of institutions and authorities, as well as compliance and responsiveness.

‘Not one action but many’: institutional work by commissioners of children's mental health services in the English NHS

Abstract This article enhances our understanding of institutional work, through a study of professional health commissioners in the English National Health Service. Using a case study of mental health policy implementation, commissioners are conceptualized as institutional agents involved in shaping the organizational field and its boundary. Health service commissioners face a series of challenges as institutional agents. Commissioning is a relatively new health profession. It lacks a strong professional association and has predominantly been externally professionalized. Commissioners have limited direct organizational strategic management control. In the case study, commissioners were charged with leading implementation of the policy, which required them to address fragmentation in the field. Using existing typologies as an analytical frame, activities by commissioners in the case study are identified and explored as different modes of institutional work. Commissioners created a new normative network and instigated specific processes to embed and routinize cross-organization working. They undertook boundary-spanning cognitive institutional work, creating new knowledge by commissioning education of school staff in the basics of children’s mental health. Their institutional work involved challenging existing working practices, both in the health field and in the contiguous education field. The article elucidates connections between different modes of institutional work and attends to boundary work by commissioners in parallel with institutional work in the field. It also outlines how a profession seemingly lacking many of the ingredients of institutional power might pursue its own professional project through institutional work. Findings have resonance in other geographical and policy areas and fields.