Industrial Development Policies Research Articles

Which scale matters? Rethinking cultural industry development policies from a city network perspective

ABSTRACT Current policy interventions in cultural industries tend to be highly localized and dominated by a cluster agenda. This article provides a critical evaluation of cultural industry development policies from a city network perspective based on the case of China. Drawing on quantitative data sources, we first conduct a systematic investigation into the geographical distribution of 252 publicly listed cultural firms within mainland China as well as the organization of their city-based buyer–supplier relationships across multiple spatial scales. Based on this empirical work, we then discuss whether cultural industry clusters could be a viable policy instrument for different cities and which spatial scale(s) should be taken into consideration while implementing cultural industry development programs. Our study generates a more comprehensive understanding of the functioning of local clusters and translocal networks in the operation of cultural industry firms and provides some implications for the formulation of urban cultural policies and planning schemes.

THE ROLE OF THE CIVIL SERVICE IN THE INDUSTRIALIZATION OF NIGERIA

The goal of berthing Nigeria’s full-scale industrial revolution is yet to be achieved. All the industrial development plans have so far failed to accelerate the nation’s industrialization, hence the country’s low industrial base which has kept her in the league of developing nations. In fact, Nigeria has in recent times been experiencing deindustrialization, as several industries have collapsed and some others, such as Unilever and Michelin, have relocated to other countries. Several factors are responsible for Nigeria’s low industrial development and they include: inadequate infrastructure (particularly, energy), poor technological base, multiple taxes and levies, and, the shortage and high cost of foreign exchange. Despite a growing body of literature on industrialization in Nigeria, not much has been written about the link between Public Service Reforms and industrialization in Nigeria. This paper examines the links between the implementation of the Service Compact (SERVICOM) Charter and the achievement of Nigeria’s industrial development policies, especially the ‘Ease of Doing Business’ Policy. The paper makes the case that the goal of industrializing Nigeria will not be fully realised without an efficient Public Service. Furthermore, the paper highlights the need for Nigerian public servants to have the right work attitude, and to be morally upright and patriotic, in order to create a business-friendly environment and to build investor confidence, so as to facilitate and accelerate the country’s industrialization and overall national development. The author recommends that the Nigerian government should strengthen the implementation of the Servicom Charter and also incorporate the Charter into the industrialization plan.

On the Industrial Policy of Russia for 2018-2030

The article deals with the development of industrial policy in the Russian Federation in the coming years. The subject matter is the key challenges for the industrial development of Russia on the time horizon of 2018-2030, the risks and conditions for the Russian industrial policy and for its possible strategic alternatives. The research methodology is based on structuring the factors that shape the state industrial policy and bringing them into line with the existing or prospective elements of the policy. For the prospective industrial policy, I consider the emerging approaches in state authorities and the expert community. The main results include the following. The global risks of strengthening sanctions are the most important factors to consider during the implementation of industrial policy in Russia. Among the possible strategic policy alternatives, it is expedient to implement an intermediate variant between «the basis of economic development and the key source of budget revenues» and «the means of diversifying the risks of the Russian economy». It involves concentration of resources on building long-term global competitive positions. Achieving this aim in terms of export volume requires constant high growth rates of industrial production – at least 4.2% per year. The industrial policy should be concentrated on several key directions (technological policy, investment, foreign trade, etc.) with a general exportoriented approach. For each of the directions, updating of both strategic planning documents and a set of industrial policy instruments will be required in the next 1-2 years. With the 3-5 years duration period of most investment projects in industrial sector, the roadmap for implementing a new model of industrial policy should be updated by the end of 2018. This timeframe limits or forbids the development and use of tools that require substantial changes in legal regulation.

Sustainable Returns: The Effect of Regional Industrial Development Policy on Institutional Investors’ Behavior in China

Within the market economy system controlled by the Chinese government, this study mainly explores whether government policies can sufficiently guide the investment decisions of professional investors. Thus, we examine whether professional investment institutions can support the government’s policy for long-term investment to produce sustainable returns and create value for both the country and investment institutions. To perform this test, we use the annual data from firms held by institutional investors and listed in China A-shares to run a panel regression model. We then explore the following three issues: first, we examined whether firm-level characteristics or regional industrial development policy affect the investment behavior of the institutional investors. Second, we investigated whether four types of institutions have different favorite economic regions in China under the regional industrial development policy. Third, we analyzed which type of institutional investor supports the regional industrial development policy. The above four types of institutions are: independent, grey, domestic, and qualified foreign institutions. Empirical results show that both firm-level characteristics and regional industrial development policy can affect the investment behavior of the institutional owners. Of all the firm-level characteristics selected by institutions in China, return on equity (ROE) is the condition most commonly selected for all types of institutions, whereas the dividend yield (DY) is considered only by qualified foreign institutional investors (QFIIs). Notably, both independent and domestic institutions have the same firm selection criteria. As for the institutions’ favorite industries for investment, only grey institutions prefer the power industry and QFIIs prefer manufacturing industry. In addition, all four types of institutional investors have different industrial favorites in the four economic regions in China under the regional industrial development policy. For example, independent institutions prefer the information industry and grey institutions appear to be interested in every industry. Moreover, domestic institutions prefer the manufacturing and information industries, whereas QFIIs prefer the manufacturing industry. Regarding the regional participation of institutions, both domestic institutions and QFIIs seem to focus on every region. Moreover, independent institutions focus on the eastern and western regions, whereas grey institutions only focus on the western region. Finally, domestic institutions received the greatest level of support, followed by grey and independent institutions, whereas the QFIIs receive the least support. Put simply, domestic institutions are deeply engaged in industrial development all over China, whereas QFIIs are only slightly engaged in this development.

Research on Optimization Model of Marine Industry Strategic Adjustment Under Complex Maritime Conditions Based on Ant Colony Algorithm

Abstract This article seeks to analyze the factors constraining the development of strategic marine emerging industries and the deficiencies in China’s strategic marine emerging industry development policies. Learn from the successful experiences of overseas strategic marine emerging industry development policies. We will study and construct a policy framework for the development of strategic marine emerging industries in the new era, guided by the scientific concept of development and enhanced by the capacity of independent innovation. Provide policy recommendations for actively promoting the development of strategic marine emerging industries. At the same time, it provides theoretical and methodological reference for the formulation and implementation of China’s strategic marine emerging industry policies. On the basis of reviewing relevant theories of industrial policy, this article first defines China’s strategic emerging industries and clarifies the connotation of China’s strategic marine emerging industry development policies. Then, the paper conducts detailed analysis on the development policies of strategic marine emerging industries at home and abroad, and summarizes the experience of overseas strategic development policies for marine emerging industries. Finally, combining the above-mentioned comprehensive analysis, with the guidance of the scientific concept of development, the development strategy and concrete development policy of China’s strategic emerging industries in the ocean are proposed.

Directions of improving information system of insurance company

The article presents a study of the information technologies impact on the insurance industry development. At present, any business, especially business in the field of financial intermediation, can count on maintaining its positions only as a technology company. For the insurance business it is now especially important. Other segments of the financial market - the stock and credit market - are actively developing and applying IT-technologies. The insurance business at present is getting opportunities for a technological breakthrough. There is a growing demand for traditional insurance products - property insurance, motor insurance, health insurance. There is a rapidly growing demand for life insurance and insurance against cyber risks. To implement insurance protection in new conditions, the insurance company should actively use information systems. The article presents a possible variant of systematization of the insurer's business processes within the information system of the insurance company.

Smart manufacturing technology, market maturity analysis and technology roadmap in the computer and electronic product manufacturing industry

Through a survey and analysis of the available literature, this paper briefly depicts the background of the development of Industry 4.0 (i.e., Smart Manufacturing) and corresponding industry development policies of various major countries. A smart manufacturing key technology architecture is proposed to classify nineteen key technologies as belonging to a sensor layer, an integration layer, an intelligent layer or a response layer. A technology roadmap is developed as the framework and key technologies are defined through expert interviews which provide insight into Taiwan's current status of smart manufacturing, including market maturity, technology maturity and correlation of key technologies, and these correlation results are organized in a correlation matrix. Suggestions for future Taiwan smart manufacturing industry development were also solicited from experts. Based on the results, this paper proposes a prediction of Smart Manufacturing domain technology and market maturity as well as emerging technology development trends. Based on this analysis of smart manufacturing domain technology and market trends, the results provide a foundation for industry and researchers to understand the development trends for key smart manufacturing technologies, and for policy formulation to support industry development.

Impact of industrial agglomeration on energy efficiency in China’s paper industry

Abstract Guiding industries to produce in an effective and environmentally sustainable manner has become a key issue for governments around the world. Over the past 15 years, series of regional and industrial development policies have been introduced by the Chinese government. This has influenced the geographical distribution and energy efficiency performance of China’s industries. This paper quantifies the influence of enterprises geographical distribution on energy efficiency improvement in the paper industry and aims at providing some helpful suggestions on industrial development to policy makers. The main results show that, firstly, the paper industry in eastern China shows obvious characteristic of agglomeration. The average location quotient is 1.2278. However, following the industrial and regional development policies, the characteristic of agglomeration is weakening. Secondly, only when agglomeration reaches a certain level (location quotient is above 0.5447) will industrial agglomeration positively impact on industrial energy efficiency improvement (a 1% increase in agglomeration will increase dynamic energy efficiency by at least 0.23%). Thirdly, the regional development policies carried out by the government slow the pace of energy efficiency improvement in China’s paper industry. The empirical results indicate that the government needs to consider regional characteristics and consciously guide industrial enterprises to concentrate in the dominant area.

ДЕРЖАВНЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ПРОМИСЛОВОГО РОЗВИТКУ УКРАЇНИ

The article analyzes the place of Ukraine in global competitiveness ratings. It is determined that the most destructive impact on the economic situation and the level of competitiveness of the country are corruption, lack of reforms, weakness of institutions and limitation of investments. Generalized and intrinsic destructive deviations of economic development are summarized. It is proved that a sustained economic downturn is a consequence of an ineffective state policy of industrial development. It is established that today Ukraine needs a qualitative new model of the revival of economic potential and strengthening of the rating in the global space, built on the purposeful policy of state regulation of industrial development, which would involve the achievement of progressive changes in the structural and technological parameters of industrial production. This allowed to present the conceptual basis of state regulation of industrial development of Ukraine, which defines the purpose, strategic directions and instruments of state stimulation of progressive changes in industry and moral and ethical education of the participants in industrial relations.

Разработка программ освоения минерально-сырьевых ресурсов Якутии в 1920-е годы

The article is devoted to the development of an industrial policy for the development of natural mineral resources of Yakutia, the main provisions of which were approved in 1927 at the V All-Yakut Congress of Soviets. The relevance of the study of the industrial policy of the 1920s is related to the fact that many approaches to the issues of planning and organizing production later proved themselves, turning into certain practical production results. The article describes the experience of Yakutia in the development of a prospective regional plan. It is based on the principles of economic zoning taking into account the peculiarities of the economy of certain regions of the country and combining the requirements of the Center with the capabilities of the regions. The basis of the industrial policy of Yakutia made up plans for the primary development of the mining industry and the gold mining industry, which were to form the basis for the development of the national economy, the mining and processing local industry, the agricultural production, transport and communications. It was concluded that the development of industrial policy based on economic regionalization allowed Yakutia to take the first steps to integrate the economy into the all-Russian economic development plan and into the process of socialist reconstruction of the country's economy, to determine its place in the division of labor, to identify its economic specificity and specialization.

The role of the civil service in the industrialization of Nigeria

The goal of berthing Nigeria's full-scale industrial revolution is yet to be achieved. All the industrial development plans have so far failed to accelerate the nation's industrialization, hence the country's low industrial base which has kept her in the league of developing nations. In fact, Nigeria has in recent times been experiencing deindustrialization, as several industries have collapsed and some others, such as Unilever and Michelin, have relocated to other countries. Several factors are responsible for Nigeria's low industrial development and they include: inadequate infrastructure (particularly, energy), poor technological base, multiple taxes and levies, and, the shortage and high cost of foreign exchange. Despite a growing body of literature on industrialization in Nigeria, not much has been written about the link between Public Service Reforms and industrialization in Nigeria. This paper examines the link between the implementation of Service Compact (Servicom) Charter and the achievement of Nigeria's industrial development policies, especially the 'Ease of Doing Business' Policy. The paper makes the case that the goal of industrializing Nigeria will not be possible without an efficient Public Service. Furthermore, the paper highlights the need for Nigerian public servants to have the right work attitude, and to be morally upright and patriotic, in order to create a business-friendly environment and to build investor confidence, so as to facilitate and accelerate the country's industrialization and overall national development. The author recommends that the Nigerian government should strengthen the implementation of the Servicom charter and also incorporate the charter into the industrialization plan.

Public Policy and Urbanization in India: An Asymmetrical Approach

Urbanization can be seen as a deliberate decision-making that involves political leaders and elites playing very decisive role. As the policies cannot be decided in a vacuum; the central and state governments have taken proactive efforts to facilitate urbanization in India. In post-independence era, there are specific and detailed statements of policy for industrial development, agricultural development, population growth but rarely one finds any national urbanization policy statement. It has been observed that urban growth and management have been rarely at the centre of development planning in India (Sivaramakrishnan, 2011). The paper tries to see how Public Policy's lopsided approach has underlined the rural bias in the urban policy.

Formation of Model and Strategic Plans for Developing the Cluster Management of Eco-friendly Renewable Energy Sectors in Thailand

Globally, economic and industrial development is constantly changed as a part of the globalization process and the needs of renewable energy and eco-friendly technology due to the limitation of natural resources. Over the last decade, these factors also shaped the current socio-economic development plans of Thailand 4.0 and enhanced the evolution of ecofriendly renewable energy and related technology. The main purpose of this research was to investigate the formation of the model and strategic plans for developing the sustainable cluster management of eco-friendly renewable energy sectors in Thailand. Researcher use mixed methods of qualitative and quantitative research by using the cluster sampling. For data analysis, the researcher used the statistical data for indicating percentage, mean, standard deviation, and the difference between the mean of the two variables. Based on the statistical data and the strength, weakness, opportunity and threat (SWOT) analysis showed that the formation of the model and strategic plans of eco-friendly renewable energy showed that Thai government requires the in-depth study about the future needs and suitable options to pursue the sustainable development of cluster management in long-term. Many eco-friendly renewable energy sectors in Thailand have designed their model and strategic plans to comply with the National Social and Economic Development Plans and the industrial development policies of Thailand 4.0 for 20 years (2017-2037) for enhancing their economic development whilst protecting their natural resources and their societies.

UKRAINIAN INSURANCE MARKET AND ITS POSITIONING AMONG THE WORLD'S LEADING INSURANCE MARKETS

Introduction.The insurance market is an important infrastructure component of highly developed economies, playing the role of an accumulator of money from the population and enterprises, and redistributing them through financial mechanisms to the real economy. Therefore, it is noteworthy to find out what the «ideal» insurance market is it and how this situation can be achieved in Ukraine. Purpose. The aim of the article is to analyze the criterion of determination the category “ideal” insurance market, to discover the Ukrainian insurance market and to identify how far the Ukrainian market from the ideal one. Results. Absolute indicators of the insurance industry development in Ukraine are very small in comparison with international indicators. The Ukrainian insurance market is integrated into the world one, and although it presents a limited range of insurance products, this is likely due to the small demand, which makes it irrational to implement more. Conclusion. The insurance market of Ukraine operates on a market basis, insurance companies meet the international standards and requirements of Ukrainian legislation. It is effective in terms of compliance with the current market conditions in Ukraine, but is far from perfect in terms of the potential of providing financial services to consumers and the use of accumulated insurance premiums in the financial system of the country.

The role of decision support frameworks in industrial policy development: A South African iron and steel scrap case study

Downstream mineral resource beneficiation has potential to promote socio-economic growth in resource-rich nations, which has resulted in it receiving growing prioritisation and promotion in a number of African nations. Decisions surrounding downstream mineral beneficiation are complex due to the multitude of factors to be considered to ensure maximum sustainable benefits are realised. Decision support frameworks (DSFs) are recognised to be of value for strategic planning in the minerals sector. This paper explores DSF applicability by means of a case study of the South African iron and steel scrap industry, with a focus on the potential for increased local beneficiation of scrap in steel mills or foundries. The findings reinforce the value of the stakeholder consultation process that underpins DSFs in enabling the exploration of the underlying complexities and factors that contribute to any challenges an industry may be facing, as well as their effect on different stakeholders. In this case, a policy intervention was implemented in a bid to increase local beneficiation. However, there has been no indication of it achieving its objectives with stakeholders reporting it was not effectively tailored in the context of the sustainability issues being faced by the industry, due to insufficient meaningful stakeholder consultation. The structure of DSFs forced stakeholders who prioritised micro-economic issues to engage with sustainability issues beyond their purview. The results of the quantitative performance analysis demonstrate the complexity associated with sustainability performance assessments with no alternative definitely out-performing the others. Thus, in existing industries, DSFs can facilitate informed decision-making based on the current health of an industry as well as long-term potential sustainability benefits that could be realised. Ultimately, this may enable the development of well-informed targeted strategies and policies that take into consideration the realities of the industry as well as stakeholder perspectives, increasing the likelihood of their success. This is of particular importance in the context of African downstream mineral beneficiation, which in many cases has been bedevilled by a lack of grounded and targeted policies.

System-based, light and complex: industrial and local development policies in the thought of Giacomo Becattini

Giacomo Becattini’s thought has focused on the definition of industrial districts and their living mechanisms. However, he has also devoted some scholarly attention to (and put some practical efforts in) industrial and local development policies. After having discussed the central aspects of Becattini’s thinking on industrial and local development policies, which should be system-based, light and complex, the paper focuses on the main legacy of this approach. Becattini’s reflections on local development policies include many elements that somehow anticipate the current debate on system-based and place-based policies, which are discussed. Some evidences are also highlighted about potential system-based, light and complex policies in Italy.

Challenges to Water Security along the “Emerald Coast”: A Political Ecology of Local Water Governance in Nicaragua

Despite being a water-rich country, Nicaragua struggles to secure clean water access for many of its residents. In addition to distributional and water quality issues, a prolonged drought affecting all regions of the country has compounded preexisting governance challenges to ensuring rural water needs. This article focuses on a rural community along the southwest Pacific Coast of Tola, Nicaragua, where tourism development and drought converge to produce and exacerbate water insecurity. This article examines this water insecurity in the context of two recent national water laws in Nicaragua (passed in 2007 and 2010 respectively) that sought to provide a more comprehensive legal framework for freshwater water governance. Drawing upon semi-structured interviews and groundwater and meteorological data, we contend that water laws have not effectively mediated the hydrological effects of prolonged drought and tourism development, resulting in pronounced water insecurity for local populations in Tola. We cast the findings of this research as relevant to other water insecure areas in Latin America where industry development and weak policy implementation impact the creation and resolution of local water security—including insecurity compounded by increased climatic variability.

China's Green Lights Program: A review and assessment

Lighting accounts for 10–13% of China's electricity consumption. Triggered by the nationwide power shortage of the mid-1990s, the Chinese government launched its Green Lights Program in 1996. Since then, this program has been continuously highlighted in the nation's 9th–12th Five-Year Plans (1996–2015). This paper presents a review and assessment of this program during the past two decades. Based on available data, the achievements along with the implementation of this program are assessed by examining a set of indicators of electricity savings, consumer savings, market penetration, product quality, and production capacity expansion. The success of this programs can be attributed to several factors: 1) strong and sustained government commitment; 2) prioritized policy focus by program stages; 3) extensive efforts on product quality control; 4) a close symbiosis of energy efficiency policies with industrial development policies; and 5) the implementation of various incentive schemes. Nonetheless, several challenges are evident that the program needs to address in its next phase. These include: 1) promoting the use of efficient lighting products in rural China; 2) emphasizing the overall efficacy of lighting fixtures rather than focusing only on bulb efficacy; and 3) promoting the healthy development of an emerging semiconductor lighting industry in the nation.

Исследование страховых рынков 31 страны на базе страховых показателей и выявление места России в кластерной иерархии с помощью кластерного анализа в среде R

Статья направлена на исследование страховых рынков 31 выбранной страны на основе страховых показателей с помощью кластерного анализа с использованием современных методов научных исследований. Цель статьи состоит в том, чтобы разделить на кластеры 31 страну для определения уровня развития страховой отрасли в этих странах в среде R на базе анализа выбранных страховых показателей и интерпретировать полученные кластеры. Для кластерного анализа были использованы статистические данные Организации Экономического Сотрудничества и Развития (ОЭСР) для 31 страны за период с 1992 по 2015 год. Для кластеризации стран с точки зрения их страховых показателей были взяты следующие факторы: глубина страхования, плотность страхования, ВВП, общая сумма страховых премий за указанный ранее период по странам. В итоге кластерного анализа в среде R было выявлено 5 кластеров. Россия попадает в кластер стран с низким уровнем развития страховой отрасли, наряду с Турцией и Мексикой, но обладает большим потенциалом развития в связи с тем, что относится с развивающимся рынкам, где культура страхования пока находится на более низком уровне, чем в странах более высоких кластеров, которые относятся к развитым рынкам страхования. Кластерный анализ позволяет увидеть схожесть страховых рынков. Авторы выдвинули гипотезу о том, что страховой рынок России по своей структуре, используемым страховым инструментам и принципам функционирования соответствует модели восточно-европейских стран, что позволяет совершенствовать страховой механизм страны в рамках тенденций стран именно такой типологии страхового рынка, но данная гипотеза была опровергнута в результате исследования. Авторы попытались сделать сравнительный анализ страховых систем, проблем страхования и инструментов управления рисками, используемых на рынках стран одного кластера. Приведенные алгоритмы исследования в R могут быть использованы с другими данными в разных сферах.

The development of industrial policy in science cities

The article discusses the features of municipal industrial policy, namely the establishment of the organizational-economic mechanism of formation of municipal industrial policy. Methods of increasing the investment attractiveness of science cities are proposed. The methods of administrative influence on the formation of industrial policy in science cities, and their influence on improving social and economic development are considered.