Policy Coordination Research Articles

From Brown to Green: Climate Transition and Macroprudential Policy Coordination

From Brown to Green: Climate Transition and Macroprudential Policy Coordination

Coordination of macro-management policies to curtail credit growth

Coordination of macro-management policies to curtail credit growth

Status of Policy Coherence and Coordination for Enhanced Multisectoral Nutrition Programming in Kenya

Status of Policy Coherence and Coordination for Enhanced Multisectoral Nutrition Programming in Kenya

The evolution analysis of low-carbon power transition strategies and carbon emission decoupling based on carbon neutrality target

It is necessary for China to accelerate the low-carbon power transition to realize the carbon neutrality target by 2060. Based on the goal of carbon neutrality, Deep Reinforcement Learning with the Double Q-learning method is used to solve a multi-agent game in 30 provinces of China, in an attempt to explore the evolutionary process of regional low-carbon power transition strategies, carbon emissions, and carbon emission decoupling with economic growth. Conclusions are obtained as follows. First, regional low-carbon power transition strategies are not consistent. Though China is bound to achieve the carbon peak and carbon neutrality, the carbon peak and carbon neutrality process will vary widely across regions and over time. Second, the cost of power decarbonization is higher in resource-based regions than that in core regions. The regional coordination policy can reduce the total carbon emissions in resource-based regions, but it will not alleviate their carbon emission decoupling costs. Third, the stable strategy of low-carbon power transition needs faster economic development and more abundant zero-carbon resources. Therefore, the carbon neutrality policy is suggested to be more spatially differentiated, more equitable, and more robust.

Coordination of Monetary and Fiscal Policies from a Game Theoretic Perspective

Under the backdrop of a highly intricate international environment and sluggish recovery of the global economy, it is crucial to delve into methods for bolstering national economic prowess and promoting economic prosperity and stability. Monetary policy and fiscal policy, as two primary macro-control tools, play a pivotal role in national progress, with their effective coordination becoming a significant issue. Game theory, a tool to mathematically model decisions made by different individuals through logical analysis, provides a solid theoretical foundation and practical framework for studying the issue. This paper utilizes game theory to model the coordination among the two policy-makers, the central banks and the governments while establishing a payoff matrix that reflects their utilities. During normal or recovery periods, this paper views it as a cooperative game, and the cooperative equilibrium will be that both policy-makers choose expansionary policies. During financial crisis, this paper views it as a non-cooperative game, and the Nash equilibrium will be that both policy-makers choose contractionary policies. Additionally, this paper selects specific examples from Brazilian history to validate the rationality of the model while confirming that the short-term equilibrium aligns with the modeling conclusions.

Exploring Entrepreneurial Success Factors in Nepal

Entrepreneurship education plays a crucial role in fostering economic growth and competitiveness by providing individuals with the skills and knowledge necessary for success and innovation. Addressing educational needs, particularly in underserved regions, can significantly enhance entrepreneurial outcomes and contribute to broader economic development. Government policies and regulations profoundly impact business operations, competitiveness, and growth. It is essential for governments to continuously adapt their policies to create a conducive business environment and promote entrepreneurial development. The interplay between government policies and business performance underscores the importance of a well-coordinated approach to economic policy and entrepreneurship support. Effective policy frameworks are essential in supporting entrepreneurial activities and fostering a favorable business environment. The dynamic relationship between government actions and business success highlights the need for ongoing adaptation and coordination in economic policy to promote entrepreneurial development and economic growth.

Institutionalizing leaving no one behind: operationalizing and analyzing worldwide national efforts

ABSTRACT The ‘Leave No One Behind’ (LNOB) principle presents a transformative approach to dealing with inequalities within the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) but has proven to be politically and technically challenging. Its national institutionalization therefore remains unclear while also under-researched. The aim of this article is two-fold. First, we provide a framework in which we conceptualize and operationalize (the institutionalization of) LNOB. Second, using our conceptual framework, we study how LNOB is institutionalized by national governments, focusing on public national policies around the SDGs. Our study finds that countries report to institutionalize aspects of policy coherence, inclusive participation, and disaggregated data more often than they institutionalize policy coordination and dedicated finance. However, when it comes to actual institutional structures and mechanisms to drive accountability, clear gaps can be identified. This article concludes that the achievement of LNOB remains uncertain at this point and presents necessary avenues for future research.

Gender in the EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic Trade Agreement – third generation trade agreement as a gateway to policy coordination?

This article considers the place of trade and gender in EU-Canada relations, with a particular focus on CETA and its functioning in a broader sense. More specifically, the authors seek to understand the process of defining the trade and gender agenda under the CETA framework and the practical ways the EU and Canada have sought to respond to them. The authors examine the challenges and opportunities related to women’s participation in the EU-Canada trade flows, what the instruments developed to support them were, what tools were at their disposal, whether CETA had had a real impact on their business activities, as well as the dynamics of the policy exchange and learning. The authors find that CETA delivers solid structures to design and implement concrete actions, leading to more policy coordination between the EU and Canada on trade and gender issues. However, there are still several gaps that need to be addressed, with the lack of disaggregated data being the most important. Le genre dans l’Accord économique et commercial global entre le Canada et l’Union européenne : un accord commercial de troisième génération qui débuterait une coordination des politiques ? Cet article s’intéresse à la place qu’occupent le commerce et le genre dans les relations entre le Canada et l’Union européenne (UE), et plus particulièrement à la place de l’Accord économique et commercial global (AECG) et de son implémentation au sens large. Plus spécifiquement, nous cherchons à comprendre les processus de définition du commerce et du genre dans le cadre de l’AECG et les façons concrètes dont l’UE et le Canada y répondent. Nous nous interrogeons sur les défis et les opportunités de la participation des femmes aux flux commerciaux entre l’UE et le Canada, sur les outils créés pour les soutenir, sur les outils tels qu’ils ont été mis à leur disposition, sur l’impact réel de l’AECG sur leurs activités commerciales, ainsi que sur les dynamiques d’échange de politiques et d’apprentissage.

The European Semester as a Policy Instrument in Education—The Cases of Spain and Sweden

ABSTRACTIn this article we examine the European Semester as an innovative form of policy coordination, with distinct effects on education and skills policies for Member States. We analyse the Semester's framing of education policy, and examine its manifestations in Spain and Sweden, two countries considered to be different in their approach to education. Drawing on a policy instrumentation approach and interviews with policy actors and documentary analysis, our research suggests that while the Semester has given education policy a significant place within the EU's governance, economic rationales for education are clearly dominant in the process. Still, we identify underpinning logics that strengthen the social and educational perspectives represented in the Semester, although these are still treated as productive forces for labour market integration. In addition, there is a strengthening of collaboration between the European Commission and Member States, but also tensions between different parts of the Commission over the definition and direction of education policy.

Coordinated referral and scheduling decisions for specialized healthcare services

This paper studies the coordination of referral and scheduling policies where access to specialized medical services, such as surgical procedures, imaging or other consultations, is managed through a centralized intake system. In this increasingly common mode of operation, a central body makes decisions regarding the allocation of patients between a set of providers, followed by the provider taking control of the scheduling and delivery of the required service. To study the coordination of the allocation and scheduling policies we present a sequential optimization model where both referrer and provider attempt to maximize the proportion of a heterogeneous set of patients receiving treatment within a targeted wait time. Motivated by observations of performance thresholds in queueing systems, we introduce an achievable region model which permits study of providers who vary in ability to coordinate scheduling different patient streams. We characterize optimal referral and scheduling policies for a range of demand patterns and operational abilities. We find that the optimal referral policy can result in large discrepancies in outcomes for different patient types but that the discrepancy in outcomes is muted when operational abilities are higher. In situations where operational abilities are low, it is optimal for the providers to prioritize patients by stream. Low capacity for both providers results in an optimal referral and scheduling policy where certain patients streams are deprioritized and with certainty will not be seen within their wait time targets. We also study the cost of enforcing parity between patient classes and find that the cost is reduced when providers have higher operational abilities. This paper illustrates how operational constraints lead to incentives to prioritize different patient streams. In particular, we show that when operations are challenging, a more hands-on design is required to ensure clinical intake systems maintain equitable access to the service.

When inclusive growth is not enough: advances and limitations of development policies in Uruguay 2005–2019

ABSTRACT Along most of the 2005–2019 period, Uruguay experienced an impressive economic growth. The country extended its public policies across industrial, technological, and social domains. However, there was a dearth of significant structural changes, constraining Uruguay’s ability to embark on a sustained developmental trajectory. Our findings reveal that the majority of implemented policies were designed to enhance competitiveness and build capabilities horizontally, rather than promoting structural changes. This allows us to discuss the dynamic nature of developmental processes marked by increasing policy challenges. In doing so, we stress the relevance of policy support and coordination to sustain inclusive growth processes.

System of sources and principles of international tax law

In international cooperation on taxation, countries strive to achieve equality in international taxation and, thus, create the basis for a fair international tax system. Justice exists in an international system of taxation only when states allocate taxing powers among themselves in a manner consistent with dominant views of justice internationally. A fair international tax system will not exist until there is some international consensus on how countries should allocate taxing powers among themselves. International cooperation allows countries to improve the coordination of tax policy at the international level. We can talk about several types of coordination. For example, one type aims to make a country’s tax system more similar to others - in other words, to harmonize taxes. Other types aim to establish minimum or maximum tax rates to avoid double taxation of cross-border income streams, prevent transfer pricing, coordinate arrangements with competent authorities and limit harmful tax competition. The current official agreements mean business activities through a permanent establishment and give the source country the primary right to tax profits from this operation. The country of residence is obliged to exempt these profits from tax, at least to the extent that they were taxed by the country of source. A tax treaty also often provides for an exemption from taxation of the employee’s income from personal services provided the employee is in the country for no more than a specified period of time and the compensation is received by a non-resident employer without a permanent establishment. The treaty usually reduces or eliminates withholding tax on at least some items of investment-type income, such as interest, dividends, rents and royalties, that are not attributable to business carried on through a permanent establishment. The tax treaty also provides that the country of residence can tax capital gains.

North Korea's Nuclear Risk Management and Transformation of the ‘International Security Regime’ : Focusing on Korea-U.S.-Japan ‘Linked Politics’ and Policy Coordination Mechanisms

North Korea's Nuclear Risk Management and Transformation of the ‘International Security Regime’ : Focusing on Korea-U.S.-Japan ‘Linked Politics’ and Policy Coordination Mechanisms

Turkey's Green Economic Transformation: Lessons from Qatar's Energy Transition

As global climate change intensifies, nations are increasingly seeking green economic transformations to achieve sustainable development. Turkey, as an emerging economy, faces unique opportunities and challenges in this process. This paper explores Turkey's achievements and issues in promoting a green economy through international cooperation and domestic policy coordination, drawing lessons from Qatar's energy transition to provide valuable insights for Turkey.

Older Adults in Administrative Quagmire: A Scoping Review of Policy and Program Coordination Across Six Marginalized Older Adult Populations.

Coordination of governmental action is crowded with policies and programs that are highly interdependent, sometimes operating in silos if not contradicting each other. These dilemmas, or administrative quagmires, are heightened for older adults in general, but they are particularly problematic for marginalized older adults because these groups often require public assistance and support. This scoping review studies the coordination of governmental action on aging published in social science journals, focusing on 6 groups of marginalized older adults: those with histories of immigration, individuals with severe mental health problems, those who have had experiences of homelessness, formerly incarcerated individuals, members of the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) community, and individuals living in a rural area. A 5-stage scoping review methodology was followed, and 53 articles (published between 2000 and 2022) from 5 social science databases were analyzed. The analysis revealed a limited number of contributions with coordination as a primary focus. Understandings of coordination varied but tended to examine structure, organization, and relationships between sectors. When coordination was the primary object of a study, it was often analyzed in 1 specific policy area or within a clinical setting along the lines of facilitating care coordination. This scoping review reveals a mutual neglect on the part of public administration and policy scholars toward marginalized older adults and a lack of public administration considerations on the part of scholars studying long-term care and social service programs for these marginalized older adults.

THE IMPACT OF DIGITALIZATION ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CARBON-FREE ECONOMY PRINCIPLES IN UKRAINE

This study explores the role of digitalization in implementing carbon-free economy principles in Ukraine, with a particular focus on how digital technologies contribute to enhancing energy efficiency and reducing CO2 emissions. Digitalization serves as a critical enabler of sustainable development by providing tools for optimizing energy consumption, improving resource management, and minimizing the environmental footprint of economic activities. Through correlation and regression analyses, the research investigates the relationship between investments in digital technologies, environmental protection measures, and CO2 emissions for the period from 2007 to 2020. The results reveal that while digitalization has the potential to improve energy efficiency, its current impact on reducing CO2 emissions remains limited. The findings indicate that increased investments in renewable energy sources and more comprehensive integration of digital technologies into the energy sector are essential to achieve significant reductions in emissions. Additionally, the study highlights the positive effect of innovation-driven activities on energy efficiency but points to the need for further development and deployment of environmentally friendly digital solutions. The research also underscores the importance of continued financial support for green technologies and emphasizes the necessity of improving greenhouse gas monitoring systems. Practical recommendations include increasing investment in renewable energy, expanding the use of smart technologies across industries, and promoting long-term innovation strategies aimed at achieving carbon neutrality. Overall, the research concludes that digital innovation plays a supporting role in achieving energy efficiency but requires stronger policy frameworks, investment, and coordination to realize its full potential in contributing to environmental sustainability.

Energy justice and sustainable urban renewal: A systematic review of low-income old town communities

Improving living conditions, quality of public services and social safety nets in blighted and underdeveloped urban areas also are important aspects of urban renewal. In another way, achieving sustainable urban development requires more improvements. Equity, sustainability, and universality are core principles of sustainable development and should be integrated into urban renewal strategies. For instance, urban renewal in old town areas presents multiple challenges, including balancing public investment needs, social justice considerations, and environmental impacts. Studies have shown that inequalities often arise during implementation, disproportionately affecting low-income residents in old town areas. While energy justice is a key concept for reducing these inequalities during renewal process, however existing frameworks lack a multi-dimensional approach. This study proposes a comprehensive evaluation framework that combines sustainable development with energy justice principles during the renewal of old town areas. This framework aims to achieve equitable and sustainable development outcomes in renewal of old urban areas by systematically examining the unequal impacts on low-income groups and proposing equitable energy services and inclusive policies. The proposed equity evaluation framework includes two key components: 1) Main factors in existing renewal strategies, which include equitable access to energy resources, sustainable energy systems, affordability, and public participation. 2) Criteria for refining energy justice evaluation framework, which include accessibility, energy efficiency, community participation, and policy coordination. The research emphasizes the importance of fairness in providing affordable, reliable, and sustainable energy opportunities within urban renewal initiatives. This focus can provide rational perspective and reference for decision makers, thereby empowering vulnerable groups, giving equitable energy access and contributing to achieve sustainable urban development.

Multifaceted natural resources and green energy transformation for sustainable industrial development

Climate change is the most phenomenal challenge to humanity, and its roots are intervened with unsustainable industrialization, exercising overexploitation of natural resources. Therefore, the departure from non-renewable to renewables has become inevitable, though thought-provoking. In this respect, we explore how green energy transformation moderates the impacts of multifaceted natural resources on sustainable industrial development in the presence of other covariates involving technological progress, financial development, and economic progress. We compiled data from Group of Seven (G-7) members over the 1995−2018 period and applied panel quantile regression (PQREG) to capture the effects across varying levels of quantiles of sustainable industrial development. Results revealed a positive role of natural gas rents, while coal, forest, and total natural resource rents contributed adverse implications for sustainable industrial development. However, the green energy transformation proved to be the game changer because it not only directly induced sustainable industrial development improvement but also turned the unfavorable effects of coal, forest, and total natural resources into favorable ones by interacting with those multifaceted natural resources. Technological, financial, and economic progress supported sustainable industrial development in G-7 nations, particularly in members with existing middle and upper scales of sustainable industrial development. These findings are robust enough when subjected to different estimation tools. In light of these outcomes, the interaction between green energy transformation and natural resource policy is inevitably critical to attaining natural resource efficiency for sustainable industrial development. Therefore, it is imperative to establish a close policy coordination between advancing green energy technology and allocating natural resource revenue to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs), with a particular emphasis on SDG-7 and SDG-13.

Research on the Comovement of Business Cycles and International Economic Policy Coordination

Research on the Comovement of Business Cycles and International Economic Policy Coordination

Global Geopolitical Changes and New/Renewable Energy Game

This study analyzes the impact of global geopolitical changes on new/renewable energy (NRE) policies and their roles in enhancing national energy security, elevating international stature, and influencing the global energy market. Using game theory, it reveals how NRE policies promote technological innovation, diversify energy supply, and strengthen international collaboration, thus advancing the global energy system towards a low-carbon transition and improving international energy governance. NRE policies significantly enhance national energy security by reducing dependency on single energy sources, facilitate the global shift to low-carbon energy, and intensify international cooperation. The effectiveness of these policies in driving energy transformation is notable, and they are expected to remain crucial for global energy security and sustainable transition. Recommendations include strengthening the stability and security of energy supply chains through enhanced oversight, increasing investment in R&D and innovation to reduce costs, fostering international cooperation for better policy coordination, and implementing diversified energy policies to encourage the adoption of NRE. These measures will address challenges from global geopolitical dynamics and drive the global energy system towards sustainability and efficiency.