Policy Content Research Articles

Analysis of CCER Policy Application in the New Energy Vehicle Industry

As China's economy is booming, the issue of carbon emissions is becoming increasingly prominent. In terms of policy, China has established a domestic CCER mechanism to improve the carbon trading market, and the future development of CCER policy has received much attention, but there are still deficiencies in synergistic development with specific industrial sectors. This paper explains the CCER restart process based on the progressive policy model, through the analysis of energy type suitability, the future development path of new energy vehicles, and the existing CCER methodology, combined with the example of the development of new energy vehicle industry in Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, effectively demonstrates the suitability of new energy automobile industry and renewable energy CCER projects, and explores the combination of the two. It also explores the path of "light storage, charging and discharging", and then puts forward the following suggestions for CCER policy development: improve the policy content and strengthen the policy synergy.

An analytical framework for breast cancer public policies in Sub-Saharan Africa: results from a comprehensive literature review and an adapted policy Delphi

BackgroundBreast cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer in women and is a major public health problem worldwide. Despite the lower incidence rates of breast cancer in resource-limited settings, especially sub-Saharan Africa, there is a higher mortality rate compared to high-resource countries where the disease has a higher incidence. This makes breast cancer the second deadliest cancer in African women. These poor results reflect the weakness in public health policies. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the effective control of breast cancer by designing a framework for a comprehensive and systemic analysis of these policies in Sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsThis research is based on a literature review that adopted a systematic approach followed by a modified policy Delphi involving breast cancer experts in Sub-Saharan Africa. We included narrative reviews and systematic reviews/meta-analyses published between 2015 and 2022 as well as official documents in the analysis. We integrated the World Health Organization’s health system building blocks with Walt and Gilson’s policy analysis triangle to analyse the information collected and develop our analytical framework.ResultsA total of 22 reviews and documents were included in the study. Sixteen breast cancer experts from Sub-Saharan Africa participated in the first Delphi round, and nine participated in the second round. The different components identified for a comprehensive and systemic analysis of effective breast cancer policies can be classified into policy content divided according to the health system building blocks and related policy processes; individual, organized national and international policy stakeholders; and policy contexts.ConclusionThis study enabled the design of a framework suitable for the comprehensive and systemic analysis of breast cancer control policies in Sub-Saharan Africa. This framework can be used as a checklist for stakeholders to guide the planning, implementation and evaluation of policies and specific breast cancer control programmes at the national and facility levels.

Quantitative Evaluation and Evolution Characteristics of Consistency Level of Black Soil Conservation Policy, Taking China’s Black Soil Protection Policy as an Example

Scientifically evaluating China’s black soil protection policy and exploring its evolution characteristics are crucial for promoting high-quality and efficient black soil protection projects worldwide. Utilizing the Policy Modeling Consistency (PMC) index model, the effectiveness of China’s black soil protection policy system is assessed. Building upon this evaluation, the research delves into the evolution process of the black soil protection policy system, examining its dynamic characteristics across different government levels. Through the application of text mining technology and visual analysis techniques, the study explores four dimensions: keyword co-occurrence, vertical synergy calculation, policy theme identification, and policy tool analysis. The results show the following: (1) The PMC index showed a phased growth trend, and various indicators gradually improved and tended to be stable. (2) Government policies at the same level exhibit progressive evolution patterns in terms of policy keywords and themes. (3) Across different levels of government, there are hierarchical lag evolution rules observed in policy keywords and provincial policy tools. Additionally, policy keywords display vertical synergy evolution patterns. In conclusion, future black soil conservation policies need to reduce hierarchical delays, enhance the coverage and comprehensiveness of policy content, and establish a sound policy feedback mechanism. The conclusions of the study are significant for improving management approaches throughout the black soil zones of the world.

An Examination of the Policy Content of Scott Morrison's and Anthony Albanese's 2022 Federal Election Campaign Materials

This Research Note reports on an analysis of the speeches, media releases, opinion pieces, and transcripts of the utterances of both major party leaders, Scott Morrison and Anthony Albanese, during the 2022 federal election campaign. We undertake a reflexive thematic analysis of these documents to identify the key messages of the two campaigns.

Secondary school smartphone policies in England: a descriptive analysis of how schools rationalize, design, and implement restrictive and permissive phone policies

This study provides a descriptive analysis of the content and implementation of smartphone policies across 30 secondary schools in England, comparing schools that do (permissive) or do not (restrictive) allow phone use during recreational time. School policy documents were collected, along with survey data from pupil (n = 1198), teacher (n = 53), and SLT (n = 30) participants. Phones were positioned as benefitting safety, learning, and communication. However, most schools adopted restrictive policies, aiming to improve attainment, behavior, and safeguarding. Significant differences were found between pupils and teachers, and between pupils at permissive vs restrictive schools, regarding their support for the rules. Implications are discussed.

Generative AI, Research Ethics, and Higher Education Research: Insights from a Scientometric Analysis

In the digital age, the intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and higher education (HE) poses novel ethical considerations, necessitating a comprehensive exploration of this multifaceted relationship. This study aims to quantify and characterize the current research trends and critically assess the discourse on ethical AI applications within HE. Employing a mixed-methods design, we integrated quantitative data from the Web of Science, Scopus, and the Lens databases with qualitative insights from selected studies to perform scientometric and content analyses, yielding a nuanced landscape of AI utilization in HE. Our results identified vital research areas through citation bursts, keyword co-occurrence, and thematic clusters. We provided a conceptual model for ethical AI integration in HE, encapsulating dichotomous perspectives on AI’s role in education. Three thematic clusters were identified: ethical frameworks and policy development, academic integrity and content creation, and student interaction with AI. The study concludes that, while AI offers substantial benefits for educational advancement, it also brings challenges that necessitate vigilant governance to uphold academic integrity and ethical standards. The implications extend to policymakers, educators, and AI developers, highlighting the need for ethical guidelines, AI literacy, and human-centered AI tools.

An evaluation of digital inclusion response policies for elderly in China

AbstractDigital inclusion is related to the physical and mental health of the elderly, and the relevant policies formulated by the government have an important impact on it. This article analyzes 69 policies related to digital inclusion of the elderly released by the central government of China. The results of the content analysis show that the current policies generally attach importance to the service and building of digital inclusion for the elderly, and gradually shift the policy focus to aging adaptation, smart device use, and learning guidance. The evaluation results using a policy modeling consistency index (PMC‐Index) indicate that the quality of the current Chinese government's policies to help the digital inclusion of the elderly is generally high. However, PMC‐Surface shows that there is still considerable variability in the scores of the main‐indicators for each policy. The evaluation results suggest that we can still improve the effectiveness of policies by expanding the scope of policy audiences, establishing good policy timeliness planning, and enriching policy contents, so as to effectively help the elderly integrate into the current rapidly developing digital society.

Policy Content Analysis in Minister of Health Regulation Number 15 of 2016 about Hajj Health Istithaah

Indonesia has the world's largest Muslim population and sends the most pilgrims to Saudi Arabia. The Hajj Health Istithaah Policy in Minister of Health Regulation Number 15 of 2016 is the government's effort to carry out health screening for pilgrims before leaving so that they can perform the Hajj in a healthy and independent condition. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach by collecting data through in-depth interviews and document reviews. In this study, Walt and Gilson's Policy Triangle Model was used as a reference for reviewing the Hajj health istithaah policy, especially in the content section of the document and its implementation. The aspects reviewed are the harmonization and relevance of policy content and implementing regulations for the Hajj pilgrimage. Monitoring and evaluation are carried out to monitor the progress and development of policies. Revisions and simplifications of the substance of the policy based on the results of discussions and suggestions from stakeholders are used as input to make improvements to the content of the Hajj health istithaah policy. The conclusion of the review results shows that the policy has been implemented correctly from the center to the regions; research recommendations need revision and simplification of the substance of the Hajj Health Istithaah Policy, as well as other efforts so that pilgrims can achieve health istithaah conditions before leaving to perform the pilgrimage in Saudi Arabia.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФИНАНСОВОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ В УСЛОВИЯХ САНКЦИОННОГО ДАВЛЕНИЯ

In 2022, Russia experienced maximum sanctions pressure from the EU and the United States, which had a strong impact on the country's economy, and also showed the shortcomings of the previous mechanisms of its functioning. Despite the difficult economic situation, it is necessary to rebuild the Russian financial system based on the needs of an innovative oriented market economy in order to overcome the consequences associated with the introduction of anti-Russian economic sanctions. During the period of structural transformation of the Russian economy, the monetary policy of the state will have to adapt to the changing external and internal conditions of development. A balanced financial policy, effective management and coordination of actions by all stakeholders will contribute to improving the activities of the institutions of the national financial system and meeting the needs of all economic entities in financial resources. The article analyzes financial policy in Russia under the conditions of sanctions restrictions (2021-2023), and also provides forecasts for the draft monetary policy of 2023-2025. The content of Russia's financial policy in modern conditions is revealed. The main directions of using financial resources have been identified. The problems and prospects of further development of the economy, its stabilization and restructuring are analyzed. Economic sanctions are considered, as well as the reasons why they were imposed on Russia. The results of the sanctions pressure on the banking sector are investigated. The measures and actions of the Central Bank aimed at stabilizing and increasing financial stability in the country have been identified. The statistics of inflation and the Central Bank's key rate have been studied. The paper considers the dynamics of real GDP growth in the Russian Federation and the main indicators of the banking sector. The risks of lending and their methods of overcoming are assessed.

The Arc of Nordic Multiculturalism Policies (1974–2006). A Divergent Convergence

Abstract Nordic countries are similar when it comes to migratory trends. However, when the ‘multicultural question’ erupted in the 1970s, they opted for different policies. In the early 2000s, some scholars analysed a retreat from multiculturalism policies and a civic integrationist turn. Yet, our knowledge of the processes of convergence or divergence per se of these policies is still limited. Using the comparative method, this article shows that, during that period of time, the five Nordic countries were divided into two camps, with little mixing in terms of policy content: multiculturalist (Sweden and Norway) and assimilationist (Denmark and Iceland). Finland shifted its policy from assimilation to multiculturalism in the 1990s, when it became a country of immigration. It adopted the same range of multicultural policies as Sweden and Norway; Sweden was the leader on this and Denmark was the least multiculturalist. Negative feedback was the most recurrent mechanism of policy reproduction.

Evaluation of Firms Supports Policies

Purpose: This study evaluates, analyzes, and measures support policy for small and medium enterprises in Hanoi to propose some recommendations to help small and medium enterprises improve business performance and expand scale. Theoretical Framework: In terms of scale, among the SMEs operating in the area, SMEs in the non-state sector account for the largest proportion, estimated at about 97.2%. This shows that SMEs in the non-state sector contribute an important part to Hanoi's economy. The average production and business capital of non-state-owned SMEs increased by 10.2%. This may represent the development and performance enhancement of firms in this area. Method/Design/Approach: A survey was conducted with the participation of 210 employees of SMEs in Hanoi, including the board of directors and sales department heads. Analytical methods such as descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and ANOVA analyses are used to test and measure the scales. Results and Conclusion: Research results show that support policies for small and medium enterprises in Hanoi are highly appreciated. There is no statistically significant difference in the support policy for small and medium enterprises in Hanoi between these different genders, ages, job positions, business operating times, and business sectors. Research Implications: This research uses the contents of the support policy for small and medium enterprises in Hanoi and the business performance of SMEs in Hanoi based on prior studies in the realm of firms. Within the context of the digital transformation of the entire society and industrial revolution 4.0, these variables are useful solutions for SMEs. Originality/Value: This study uses a new research methodology to evaluate and measure the support policy for small and medium enterprises in Hanoi. The paper's primary contribution is findings that benefit the SMEs in Hanoi in the improvement of their scale expansion and business performance.

Quantifying the synergy of China's carbon neutrality policies through policy documents

Carbon neutrality is a crucial pathway to addressing global climate challenges. To achieve the goal of carbon neutrality by 2060, the Chinese government has introduced a series of policies at various levels. Synergizing between these different levels of government and policy domains is crucial for smoothly advancing carbon neutrality goals. Additionally, policy documents provide a lens through which to observe policy synergy. This study defines a framework for assessing the synergy of carbon neutrality policies from the perspectives of policy content, policy issuer, and the temporal dimension. Utilizing text mining techniques and network analysis methods, the study quantifies policy synergy based on 224 carbon neutrality policies released by the Chinese government. The findings reveal high content synergy for the policy tool and goal dimensions, with network densities of 0.78 and 0.71, respectively. Regarding issuer synergy, the synergy across different regions in China varies significantly, ranging from 0.653 to 0.912. Meanwhile, as policy topics evolved, the temporal synergy increased from 0.88 to 0.90. These conclusions provide robust support for policy formulation, offering valuable insights to realize global carbon neutrality goals more efficiently and comprehensively.

ELABORATION OF SUCCESSFUL ESG POLICY: LEARNING FROM EUROPEAN COMPANIES

The ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) approach serves as a strategic response to contemporary social and environmental challenges, embodying a company's awareness, vision, and measures towards achieving sustainable development goals. Simultaneously, ESG policy is a communication tool with stakeholders and a determinant of the company's competitiveness. This study aims to delineate the principal components of ESG policy and strategy – namely, vision, values, and goals – through an in-depth examination (textual analysis) of successful ESG companies' practices. To this end, ten leading European companies were selected based on their ESG ratings by Sustainalytics, and information regarding their sustainability vision, goals, and values was collected. Textual analysis was conducted using Voyant-tools.org v. 2.6.13. The findings show that the content and context of companies' ESG policies are shaped by terms such as sustainability, social and environmental issues, labour, development, business, responsibility, climate, stakeholders, people, impact and change. Sustainability is often associated with strategy, culture and design, while business is associated with responsibility, impact and value. The predominant issues identified in ESG policies relate to social and environmental aspects, governance, corporate management and partnerships. In particular, the emphasis on social and environmental issues – including policies, practices, responsibility and impact – is pervasive. Each company takes a different approach to developing the core principles of its ESG policy. In outlining this, the study underscores the diversity and multifaceted nature of ESG policies, with the consideration of industry specifics emerging as a critical feature to ensure effective implementation. The findings serve as a valuable resource for companies, providing guidance on the development of key components of ESG policies (vision, goals, values) and as an empirical basis for improving scientific and methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of ESG policies.

Determination of the state of methodological support for the study of state anti-corruption policy in Ukraine

Determination of the state of methodological support for the study of state anti-corruption policy in Ukraine

Teaching Family? Care/Work Policy in Selected Family Courses in Canada's Research-Intensive Universities.

To what degree is explicit care/work policy taught in family courses in Canada's leading research-intensive universities? We analyze family courses in sociology departments and in political studies and women's/gender studies programs in Canada's 15 R1 universities to make a contribution to the scholarship of teaching and learning. This national scan marks a methodological innovation from curriculum studies that generally adopt a single-program or single-site focus. From a Canadian universe of 74 family courses, we identify 15 whose formal course calendar description explicitly addresses care/work family policy (measures to reconcile caring for young children with employment, through early learning and childcare, parental leaves, and child benefits). Sociology predominates among courses where family policy is taught, yet care/work policy content is not common. Given growing concerns about the care crisis and the care deficit in Canada, the low profile of care/work family policy content in family courses is significant. This study sheds light on the value of national postsecondary education curricular reviews and suggests that family curriculum renewal is warranted.

중국 일대일로의 동진정책과 한국에의 시사점

Since the Belt and Road Initiative was first proposed in 2013, it has mainly pursued a westward strategy, but since then, China has continued to expand its regional scope. In 2017, the Northern Sea Route was included in the Belt and Road Initiative, and in 2018, taking advantage of the easing of tensions on the Korean Peninsula, the Liaoning provincial government expanded the scope of the Belt and Road Initiative to include the Korean Peninsula and other Northeast Asian countries. As a result, the eastbound route of the Belt and Road became richer in content as the Northeast Asia Economic Corridor was added to the existing Sino-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor. This study focuses on the eastward strategy and examines the background of promoting the eastward strategy, the main contents of the eastward policy promoted in the three northeastern provinces, and the achievements in the three northeastern provinces since the BRI initiative has been implemented. In addition, it draws conclusions and examines the implications for Korea.

Can a feminist foreign policy be undone? Reflections from Sweden

Abstract In 2022, Sweden retracted its feminist foreign policy (FFP). What are the consequences for Swedish foreign policy and for FFPs elsewhere? We published an extensive report on the Swedish FFP in 2023, based on a survey that went out to all Swedish diplomats, interviews with more than 30 key foreign policy officials, and hundreds of steering documents from the Ministry for Foreign Affairs. The article draws out new insights from the report. The retraction is likely to result in a deprioritization of gender equality in Swedish foreign policy. Sweden will likely lose its international leadership role on gender issues. However, FFPs may be more resilient than anticipated because of how foreign policy is governed. Governments that wish to retract FFPs are constrained by three key governance features: First, international agreements and soft law on women's rights place demands on policy content. Second, the decentralized nature of foreign policy implementation allows considerable autonomy on the ground, so that implementors may continue to work with gender equality. Third, longstanding international expectations for Sweden as a gender equality champion create a role-based constraint. These factors contribute to the ‘stickiness’ of FFPs, suggesting that a retraction is unlikely to result in a wholesale abandonment of gender equality activities. The article also examines the enduring legacy of the Swedish FFP beyond its formal retraction, highlighting adoption of FFPs by a growing number of states in different parts of the world.

User Information Sharing and Hospital Website Privacy Policies

Hospital websites frequently use tracking technologies that transfer user information to third parties. It is not known whether hospital websites include privacy policies that disclose relevant details regarding tracking. To determine whether hospital websites have accessible privacy policies and whether those policies contain key information related to third-party tracking. In this cross-sectional content analysis of website privacy policies of a nationally representative sample of nonfederal acute care hospitals, hospital websites were first measured to determine whether they included tracking technologies that transferred user information to third parties. Hospital website privacy policies were then identified using standardized searches. Policies were assessed for length and readability. Policy content was analyzed using a data abstraction form. Tracking measurement and privacy policy retrieval and analysis took place from November 2023 to January 2024. The prevalence of privacy policy characteristics was analyzed using standard descriptive statistics. The primary study outcome was the availability of a website privacy policy. Secondary outcomes were the length and readability of privacy policies and the inclusion of privacy policy content addressing user information collected by the website, potential uses of user information, third-party recipients of user information, and user rights regarding tracking and information collection. Of 100 hospital websites, 96 (96.0%; 95% CI, 90.1%-98.9%) transferred user information to third parties. Privacy policies were found on 71 websites (71.0%; 95% CI, 61.6%-79.4%). Policies were a mean length of 2527 words (95% CI, 2058-2997 words) and were written at a mean grade level of 13.7 (95% CI, 13.4-14.1). Among 71 privacy policies, 69 (97.2%; 95% CI, 91.4%-99.5%) addressed types of user information automatically collected by the website, 70 (98.6%; 95% CI, 93.8%-99.9%) addressed how collected information would be used, 66 (93.0%; 95% CI, 85.3%-97.5%) addressed categories of third-party recipients of user information, and 40 (56.3%; 95% CI, 44.5%-67.7%) named specific third-party companies or services receiving user information. In this cross-sectional study of hospital website privacy policies, a substantial number of hospital websites did not present users with adequate information about the privacy implications of website use, either because they lacked a privacy policy or had a privacy policy that contained limited content about third-party recipients of user information.

The Impact of the Double Reduction Policy on China's K-12 Education Industry: An Empirical Analysis Based on the Difference-in-Differences Method

The Double Reduction Policy introduced by the Chinese government in 2021 imposed unprecedented restrictive measures on privately-run extracurricular training institutions providing compulsory education subjects. Numerous education enterprises involved in K-12 business were profoundly affected. To explore the impact of the policy on education enterprises and the industry, this paper employs the Difference-in-Differences method for analysis. The findings reveal that the "Dual Reduction" policy led to an 8.165% decline in the profit margin of education enterprises, accompanied by a significant reduction in the number of employees, with an assessed decrease of 31.57%. Further analysis of the impact mechanism indicates that the policy's effect on the number of employees lags behind its impact on profit margin. Based on these results, the study suggests the optimization of the content and implementation approach of education policies to minimize negative impacts and to incorporate high-quality education resources provided by education enterprises through more comprehensive measures.

An analysis of Nepal's Draft Mental Health Acts 2006-2017: competing values and power.

This qualitative study maps the process of drafting and consulting on Nepal's mental health legislation from 2006 to 2017. A total of 14 people were interviewed and interviews were analysed thematically. These themes were subsequently interpreted in light of Shiffman and Smith's policy analysis framework, as the process was found to be at the agenda-setting stage. Two groups of actors were identified with different views on appropriate policy content and how the policy process should be conducted. The first group included psychiatrists who initiated and controlled the drafting process and who did not consider people with psychosocial disabilities to be equal partners. The psychiatrists viewed forced detention and treatment as upholding people's right to health and lobbied the Ministry of Health and Population (MoHP) to pass the draft acts to parliament. The second included the rights-based civil society actors and lawyers who saw the right to equality before the law as of utmost priority, opposed forced detention and treatment, and actively blocked the draft acts at the MoHP. There is no clear legal definition of mental health and illness in Nepal, legal and mental capacity are not differentiated, and people with mental and behavioural conditions are assumed to lack capacity. The analysis indicates that there were few favourable conditions to support the progression of this policy into law. It is unclear whether the drafters or blockers will prevail in the future, but we predict that professionals will continue to have more input into content than service users due to national policy dynamics.