Policy In France Research Articles

Constitution & Decentralized Government System in France

France is a republican country and uses a semi-presidential unitary government system with democracy which is very inherent in the country. The semi-presidential government system is a combination of the presidential government system and the parliamentary government system, in this case there are two executive leaders, each of whom has their own role. The executive leaders are the President of France who serves as head of state and the prime minister who serves as head of government.The French government system is semi- presidential, the French executive is led by a President who is assisted by a Prime Minister, the French Government is responsible to Parliament based on the provisions of Articles 49 and 50 of the French Constitution. However, the French Parliament consists of the National Assembly and Senate, where the National Assembly has the power to dissolve the cabinetso that the majority determines the choice of the Government, in contrast to Indonesia where Ministers cannot be dismissed by Parliament. The decentralization policy in France is based on a law of the French parliament known as the Gaston Deferred Law of 1982. Concept Autonomous government in France itself is divided into four categories, namely institutional, legal, financial and human resources. In the French Government, the Central Government does not intervene at all when problems arise between the Regional Government and other Regional Governments. The Central Government can act as a mediator but not as a decision-making body, because based on Article 72 of the French Constitution, problems relating to territorial matters are resolved through associations between related parties based on the authority to establish laws.

Stimulating Collaborations: Evidence from a Research Cluster Policy

Abstract The production of knowledge relies on collaborations between researchers. However, we do not know to what extent policies may stimulate these interactions. In this paper we show how a large scale public “research cluster” policy in France, which funds local communities of researchers working on a common theme, affects the organization of research. Relying on an identification strategy based on grades awarded by reviewers, we show that members of financed clusters increase their collaborations with other cluster members by up to 30%. Paradoxically, researchers not at the core of the cluster topic benefit the most from the policy.

La langue française dans un monde multilingue: racines, parcours, défis et leçons à apprendre

The paper explores the hypothesis that the French international status in the contemporary multilingual world is determined by the specifics and practice of its functioning and shapes the relevant trends in the educational policy for learning French. The research materials integrated informative contributions of the institutional bodies and academic papers on the issues under study. The research methodology rested on the qualitative paradigm and followed a pathway of selected sources theoretical review with the following discussion thereof. The study has identified the main areas that characterize the role of the French language in the modern society. They include the history of the French language international status development, its position in international and regional organizations, in former French colonies, the Francophonie activities, language policy in France. The respective data is considered with regard to contemporary education related to the French language learning for various purposes from the angle of those lessons that may be learned by different countries across the world.

P/CVE national plans and education as strategy to prevent violent extremism: the case of France

ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to provide an in-depth analysis of France’s P/CVE (preventing and countering violent extremism) policies. The analysis begins with an overview of how different types of extremism have evolved in the country over time and focuses on the current extremist panorama today. Subsequently, it investigates the national P/CVE plans, analysing them at all three levels of intervention (primary, secondary and tertiary) and considering the extent to which they mobilise different stakeholders. This section specifically takes into account educational policies in France. The author finds that France is equipped with very thorough, well-structured plans that mobilise an array of stakeholders, act at various levels and contain specific education policies. Nonetheless, the French strategy is still highly discussed from various perspectives, and some of the undertaken policies and measures have not achieved the expected goals.

Digital technologies as a response to healthcare system crises: agenda-setting of digital health policies in France

Digital technologies as a response to healthcare system crises: agenda-setting of digital health policies in France

Policies for inclusive education practices in teacher education in the United Kingdom and France

AbstractImplementation of any inclusive policy is dependent on longstanding conceptions, beliefs, and public discourses on schooling, learning, and including children in mainstream schooling. The adoption of inclusive education in education policies in France and the United Kingdom requires discursive support to reshape the meaning and content of teachers' work, duties and practices. Although inclusive education is widely debated, analyses of the variations in policy narratives promoting inclusive teaching in Europe are lacking. This article reports on comparative and international analysis of discourses and policies for empowering teachers for continuous professional development and inclusive school practices. The analysis focuses on an exploration of varieties of articulations, resources, and conceptual dynamics in the UK and France. These elements are discussed within the broader scheme of the teaching profession, with reference to the inclusive education paradigm.

New perspectives and issues in industrial policy for sustainable development: from developmental and entrepreneurial to environmental state

The increasingly acute consequences of the climate crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the energy crisis have put industrial policy back. The papers in this issue examine how different countries implement industrial policy for sustainable development from a variety of perspectives. A successful transition to sustainable development seems to require not only the mix of carrots and sticks but also a right mix of creation versus destruction, as in the case of the creation of renewable businesses and the destruction of fossil-fuel businesses. Furthermore, because institutional diversity and the risk of capture can result in very distinct economic, social, and environmental effects, consideration of heterogeneity at the country and sector levels and coordination of vested interests are essential ingredients for sustainable industrial policies, as shown by the case of industrial policy in France and the two industry cases in India. By contrast, the Amazon Fund case is indicative of the three success elements: multi-stakeholder governance, pay-for-performance funding, and non-reimbursable project financing. These three elements can be summarized as local ownership and accountable governance, provided with both carrots and sticks. The problematic case of urban development driven by the oil industry in Ghana can be criticized in terms of the lack of local ownership of the oil industry, which has led to all rents being monopolized by the absentee class. By comparison, the mixed success of cases of industrial symbiosis in Uganda is attributed to the lack of effective carrots. In sum, industrial policy for sustainable development requires handling well all three types of failure, namely, market, system, and capability failures, because it necessitates building capabilities of involved actors and coordinating actions of agents, in addition to providing optimal incentives to reflect externalities of global public goods. Overall, the shifting focus of industrial policy is consistent with the shift of the role of the state, from developmental to entrepreneurial, and finally to environmental state.

Modelling the spatialisation of pesticide sales to monitor environmental policies in France

Environmental policy monitoring requires data with suitable spatial and temporal resolutions. We present a new method of spatialising pesticide sales in France to monitor environmental policies on a territorial scale. Data on pesticide sales in France are available yearly at a postal code resolution. Our spatialisation model combines parcel-scale land use data with information on pesticide types and applied doses, based on legal authorisations for pesticide use in France. We compared the performance of our new model with that of a simple surface fraction model in two distinct territories: Bourville (830 ha, Normandy), a small catchment composed of two small postal code fractions with available ground truth data about pesticide application, and Pleine-Fougères (12,007 ha, Britany), a larger area with a single postal code comprising seven municipalities with contrasting inter-municipal land uses and no ground truth information about pesticide application. For the Bourville site, due to homogeneous land use, the new model was no better than the simple model for global pesticide use, but it performed better when the results were analysed by crop type. For the Pleine-Fougères site, the new model was effective in distinguishing the use of pesticides by municipality, whereas the simple model was not. Our results demonstrate that our new model improves pesticide use quantification at a territorial level and can provide valid support for monitoring public policies regarding water quality and pesticide use over time and space.

The dilemma of France's relations with Africa in the 21st century: the relationship between discourse and practice

The object of the study is the foreign policy of the French Republic. The subject of the study is the African vector of France's foreign policy in the 21st century during the presidencies of N. Sarkozy, F. Hollande and the current head of state E. Macron. The purpose of the study is to identify the reasons why France faced difficulties in the African direction of its foreign policy in the 21st century. The author analyses in detail the declarative and practical components of French policy towards Africa in the period under study. Particular attention is paid to the evolution of French military intervention in Africa between 2007 and 2023. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the study makes a comparative analysis of the discursive and practical dimensions of French policy towards Africa between 2007 and 2023 in order to identify possible reasons for the failure of France's policy course towards Africa in the 21st century. The study concludes that France, which has a long history of colonisation of Africa, still does not consider Africa as an equal partner, while the African dimension of French foreign policy is characterised by a contradiction between its declarative and practical components, as the declared principle of equality as the basis of Franco-African relations actually gives way to the traditional policy of spheres of influence and France's desire to maintain its position on the African continent.

Thirty-Five Years of Antiterrorist Policies in France

The current era is characterized by an unprecedented multiplication of legal standards. This multiplication is unanimously denounced as a source of complication in everyday life for individuals and as a cause of paralysis for administrations themselves.

Notes on the Vicissitudes of Research Policy in France

This article aims to present the main stages in the organization of research policy in France since the beginning of the 20th century. It is centered on the history of the CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research) since it is around and from this organization that a research policy has been put in place. That being the case, I will also insist on the last decades when we have seen the democratic and republican framework in which the research policy was inserted weakened and correlatively on the stagnation of means and the deplorable policy of “over-project”; a set of elements which has resulted in the current downgrading of French research internationally.

Exiting the Energy Crisis: Lessons Learned from the Energy Price Cap Policy in France

Exiting the Energy Crisis: Lessons Learned from the Energy Price Cap Policy in France

Tiers-lieux et politiques de solidarité en France : la quête contrariée du pouvoir d’agir

Les tiers-lieux sont en plein développement en France ces dernières années. Cette contribution se concentre sur les tiers-lieux solidaires, des espaces qui agissent au quotidien en faveur des personnes en situation de vulnérabilité. Entre occasions d’expérimentation fructueuses et fragilités structurelles, nous interrogeons la manière dont les tiers-lieux solidaires peuvent ou non favoriser le développement du pouvoir d’agir des personnes vulnérables. Notre analyse s’appuie sur une enquête ethnographique auprès de plusieurs tiers-lieux solidaires en France, conduite dans le cadre d’un projet postdoctoral. Cette étude empirique se compose d’observations et d’entretiens conduits avec des personnes en situation de vulnérabilité, ainsi qu’avec les équipes professionnelles qui coordonnent, animent et assurent leur accompagnement. Par leur démarche d’hospitalité, d’accompagnement personnalisé et d’horizontalité des relations, les tiers-lieux solidaires semblent en effet constituer des espaces particulièrement propices à l’expérimentation en faveur de l’accompagnement social. Toutefois, l’action solidaire en tiers-lieu se révèle particulièrement exigeante pour les professionnel·le·s qui y exercent. Le tiers-lieu est un espace d’incertitude (modèles économiques fragiles, conditions matérielles parfois précaires), et l’exercice professionnel n’y est pas toujours aisé (changement de pratiques professionnelles, ambiguïté entre activité professionnelle et engagement citoyen…). Ainsi, les tiers-lieux solidaires nous apparaissent remarquables dans la qualité de leur engagement et dans leur capacité à expérimenter de nouveaux modes de faire. Toutefois, ils semblent également assumer une démarche palliative face à la fragilisation des engagements politiques en matière d’action sociale.

Shaping Language Policy in France. Official Sphere: 8-18th Centuries Legislative Documents (Capitulary, Ordinance, Letters Patent)

The paper looks into historic processes of developing and establishing the state policy of France in the sphere of language, education and culture, reflected in such genres of regulatory documents as capitulary, ordinance, and letters patent. The focus is made on three royal documents, namely the capitulary of Charlemagne “Letter on Promotion of Literary Culture” (“Epistola de litteris colendis”, 787), the ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts (“Ordonnance de Villers-Cotterêts”, 1539), issued by Francis I, king of France, and letters patent of Louis XIV, regulating the activities of publishing houses (“Lettres patentes et arrêt du conseil d’État du Roi portant règlement pour la librairie”, 1702). The study aims to reveal formal and content-related features of regulatory documents of the historic period under consideration. Another purpose is to identify the degree of their variability and similarity. The main methods employed in the research were textual and interpretative types of analysis. The fact that the documents compiled on behalf of French monarchs made the focus of our research defines its novelty. The findings showed that this documentation evidences the dawn and further shaping of the French national language, cultural and educational policy. The authors show that these institutional genres were designed to strengthen the royal power in France during the period between the 8th and 18th centuries. From linguistic perspective these documents are a formidable example of how the “discourse of power” emerged and got streamlined.

THE EXPERIENCE OF MULTI-STAGE DECENTRALIZATION OF POWER IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES: LESSONS FOR UKRAINE

The article is devoted to the decentralization practices of foreign countries, their many years of experience in the system of reforming the state system. Given the similarity of many problems faced by the state authorities of France and Ukraine, as well as the presence of problems specific to our country, an extremely important task is the analysis of world experience in solving them.
 It should be understood that the concept of «decentralization» covers not only the processes of administrative and territorial management, but also political, financial, economic, etc. Accordingly, our hypothesis was that decentralization is not limited to the reorganization of administrative and territorial management. 
 When choosing a country whose lessons for Ukraine we chose for analysis, preference was given to France, since this country has long been considered exemplary in terms of decentralization policy. In addition, it was important for us that Ukraine, when creating a model of public power in the regions, chose the French, or continental, model. The indicative continental model is useful for scientific purposes, as it contains the fundamental principles for the implementation of the reform. Decentralized management, initiated by France, became an example for Ukraine.
 The article analyzes the peculiarities of the decentralization policy in France at several of its stages. The first was characterized by a course of delegation of powers in the field of management and socio-economic development of local self-government bodies, creation of elected bodies at the level of regions. At the same time, at the beginning of the XXI century. the state moves to the next stage, the focus of which is to strengthen the financial independence and potential of territorial communities, for which a number of powers were transferred to the latter. In the 2010s, the emphasis of regional policy shifted towards the stimulation of municipal cooperation and consolidation of regions.
 The assessment of the multi-stage implementation of the decentralization policy in France makes it possible to claim that the administrative-territorial reform of 2020 did not exhaust the political aspects of decentralization in Ukraine, and to predict new stages of the implementation of the decentralization policy in Ukraine.

Le Mariage heureux du féminisme et du néolibéralisme: pistes pour analyser une union récente

By tracing the transformations of gender-based violence policies in France, this article highlights how they reflect neoliberal feminist dynamics. While the notion of ‘neoliberal feminism’ was developed to focus on the cultural and symbolic arena to analyse the changing representations of feminism, as well as the norms and subjectivities that were shaped by both a managerial and an egalitarian ethos, the role of the state in these processes was left aside. Therefore, the article aims at putting the state back into the analysis of neoliberal feminism by showing how state feminism has been driven in part by a neoliberal rationale when designing policies and has progressively excluded a structural perspective on the problem of gender-based violence.

Organisational troubles in policy integration. French local food policies in the making

To better understand policy integration dynamics, this paper analyses the early implementation of three urban food policies in France (Montpellier, Rennes, Strasbourg). A key challenge of food policies is their intersectoral nature, while policy design is usually meant to be sectoral. This article seeks to understand both levers and brakes to the implementation of effective integrated policies at the urban level. To explore the making and “everydayness” of the three policy case studies, we collected empirical data based on a multi-faceted methodology comprising a wide review of the grey literature, 29 in-depth interviews, and several series of participant observations on the ground. Our analysis indicates that dedicated organisational resources, including assigned units, trained staff and appropriate financial resources, are keys to the deployment of integrated food policies. We argue that such organisational resources should be more systematically studied in the policy integration literature. Local food policies should also be assessed more critically by putting the organisational resources they receive into perspective with the massive use the local government can make of them for communication purposes.

From victims to culprits? The reshaping of local antidiscrimination policy in France

ABSTRACT While France is often described as a representative case of colour-blindness, recent decades have seen the adoption of antidiscrimination as a public policy objective. However, its implementation remains problematic. This study attempts to make sense of this, exploring the challenges of adopting and implementing antidiscrimination policy in France; and the ways in which disagreements between stakeholders about what discrimination is and how to fight it complicate the issue. The analysis was based on qualitative interviews that examined the adoption and the implementation of antidiscrimination policies in Vaulx-en-Velin, a suburb of Lyon. While the analysis indicates that it is a good example of what can be implemented at a local level, it also demonstrates the vagueness surrounding the concept of antidiscrimination and how it weakens the fight against discrimination in France.

Interprofessional Collaborative Clinical Practice in Medicine and Pharmacy: Measure of Student Perceptions Using the SPICE-R2F Instrument to Bridge Health-Care Policy and Education in France.

Background: Public health policies in France and the USA promote health professionals’ collaborative practices in accordance with World Health Organization recommendations emphasizing the need to promote interprofessional education and training. To optimize alignment of health-care policy and education, a scientific evidence-based approach is required. Methods: A French translation (SPICE-R2F) of the Student Perceptions of Interprofessional Clinical Education—Revised instrument, version 2 (SPICE-R2) was generated. SPICE-R2F was then completed by a multicentric cohort of French health students, and confirmatory factor analysis was utilized to evaluate the validity and reliability of this instrument based on response patterns. Results: Translation of SPICE-R2 was validated evaluating psychometric properties and conducting a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Adequate model fit was demonstrated using RMSEA (root mean square error of approximation) and CFI (comparative fit index) model fit criteria. Within each factor, however, low to moderate levels of reliability were observed between items. These observations diverge from other countries and highlight a potential French singularity. Conclusion: Our results suggest the need to improve interprofessional clinical practice education in France at early stages in the health-care curricula. The SPICE-R2F instrument may represent a valuable evidence-based tool to characterize perceptions of interprofessional education and training of health-care students and professionals in France.

FRANSA’DAKİ TÜRK-İSLAM ALGISININ SİYASİ YANSIMALARI

İslam korkusu anlamına gelen İslamofobi Batı’da Müslümanlara karşı duyulan ayrımcılık, nefret, düşmanlık ve kin besleme gibi hisleri ifade etmektedir. Soğuk Savaş’ın son bulması ile birlikte Batılı ülkeler komünizmin yerine geçecek yeni düşman olarak İslamı seçmişler ve İslamı terörizmle bir tutmuşlardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Fransa’daki İslamofobik politikaları ortaya koyarak bu politikaların yansımalarını analiz etmektir. Bu amaçla çalışmada şu soruların cevabı aranmaktadır: Avrupa ve Fransa’daki İslamofobi’nin ve İslomofobik politikaların temel nedeni nedir? Bu politikaların Fransız siyasetine ve toplumuna yansımaları nasıl olmuştur? 11 Eylül terör saldırısı sonrası gündeme getirilen Avrupa İslam’ı ve Fransa İslam’ı projesinin temel amacı nedir? Nitel çalışma olan bu araştırmada, elde edilen verilere göre yorumlayıcı yöntem izlenmiştir. Veriler ise literatür taraması sonucu elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmada Fransa gibi Avrupa ülkelerindeki Müslümanların, İslam karşıtı politikalar karşısında nasıl bir strateji izlemeleri gerektiği hususunda çözüm önerileri sunulmaktadır.