Role Of Police Research Articles

Whose Safety is the Priority?

Police and policing have tacitly, and at times explicitly, been normalized as aspects of library service in the U.S. As American forms of policing are exported at an international scale, this has international implications. Justification for embedded policing inside library walls has turned upon librarian and library staff conceptions of safety. This essay posits that a lack of critical engagement with the topics of policing and safety reflects the deficit of substantive discourse around antiracist pedagogy within library and information science (LIS) education and practice. The paper pairs critical research on safety and criminalization with patrons’ comments on policing and grassroots activism by LIS professionals to rethink safety as something shared between librarians, staff, patrons, and potential patrons (the community). Ongoing, organized campaigns around policing and security within libraries are documented so that their efforts, trials, and successes will engender further research and set a marked precedent of how LIS education and professions can reevaluate the role of policing and police in library settings everywhere.

Scoping the Need for a Tailored mHealth App to Improve Health and Well-being Behavioral Transformation in the Police: Exploring the Views of UK Police Workers via Web-Based Surveys and Client Meetings.

BackgroundPolice officers often work long, unsocial hours in a highly pressurized environment and may experience difficulties in managing their health and well-being. Their jobs can be highly stressful and feature unusual working hours and multiple shift patterns. When considering the policing environment of 2021, many roles that were previously the domain of warranted officers are now being carried out by nonwarranted police staff equivalents. These police staff roles are relatively new to policing but put staff under some of the same stresses as police officers. A UK police force requested help to investigate technologies that could be used to improve health and well-being and research how these technologies could be used to measure and track health behavior change.ObjectiveHistorical research studies need to be appraised in light of this new policing environment, and new research also needs to include this shift in dynamics when considering aspects of policing, including their health and well-being. This study explores police officer and staff attitudes toward and their use of existing health-related technology, highlights existing practices, and gathers views about how technology could be used more effectively.MethodsA web-based survey was completed by police officers and staff (N=213) during the initial period of the UK lockdown in 2020. The survey was designed to find the solutions that participants used outside of those supplied by their employer, identify issues or problems, and find what they would like a hypothetical app to focus on. Additional requirements data were captured through client meetings, including discussions concerning previously attempted solutions and those currently in place. Thematic analysis was undertaken to identify the key themes.ResultsAttitudes toward and uses of existing health-related technology were captured, and existing practices were highlighted. Participants identified a need for an app to consider that a user was on shift—an important point, as many issues and problems with elements of their health and well-being involved shift work. Data also highlighted that a multifunctional tool would be more beneficial to participants than focusing on just 1 element. The key features and four domains were identified for app coverage. The prioritized order of importance of the four domains was activity, food and diet, sleep, and fluid intake.ConclusionsFor police officers and staff, research data suggest that there is a previously unidentified requirement for a mobile app that could provide an easily accessible platform for them to use, regardless of the current location; one that could provide guidelines on diet, lifestyle habits, and health behavior to help the user make informed decisions to assist in personalized behavior change. Notably, one which is multifunctional and which also aligns effectively with the irregular shift patterns of its users.

Between containment and crackdown in Geylang, Singapore: Urban crime control as the statecrafting of migrant exclusion

Based on a case study conducted in Geylang, Singapore, this article explores the role of urban policing, surveillance and crime control as mechanisms of social ordering that contribute to the marginalisation of excluded groups, including low-income migrant workers and sex workers. Adopting a statecraft approach that emphasises the significance of ‘governing through crime’ for the upholding of urban political-economic projects, we examine the entanglement of political discourses and crime and social control practices as co-constructive of class- and race-based inequality in Singapore. Drawing from qualitative interviews with NGO workers and sex workers, augmented by extensive non-participant observations, we identify three processes through which state power is vectored in Geylang: the stigmatisation of the neighbourhood through association with marginalised groups, legitimising intense spatialised intervention; the enacting of performative zero-tolerance policing; and the containment and surveillance of illicit activities within the neighbourhood. Contributing to discussions that advance the statecraft approach to researching urban crime control, the article shows that seemingly contradictory practices of tolerance and intervention constitute strategies of governance. The article argues that spatially specific crime control practices in Geylang generated an exclusionary ‘spectacle’ which symbolically connects low-income migrant workers with deviance, in turn supporting citizenship exclusion, racialised marginality and a wider politics of capital accumulation resting on disempowered labour. As we argue, crime control policies are an important form of statecraft legitimising an urban political economy that is heavily reliant on low-cost labour provided by migrant workers.

Police officers’ discourses about male victims of intimate partner violence in Portugal

Intimate partner violence is a well-known social, criminal and health problem. The victim's characteristics have been changing in the last years, however, intimate partner violence against male victims has not yet been the subject of sufficient social or scientific attention. The police, for many victims, is the first contact when calling for help. The present study analyses the discourses of police officers on male victims of intimate partner violence and explore their experiences and difficulties when men are the victims. In depth interviews with police officers (n = 11) were conducted and data was analyzed according to content analysis which allowed the identification of three major themes: IPV in general, IPV against males and the role of the police officers. The findings showed that police officers have an adjusted knowledge on the phenomenon (e.g., prevalence; types of violence; characterization of IPV; reasons for female aggression; role of police). Yet there seems to be some grey areas when it comes to more specific questions (e.g., characteristics of the perpetrators; impact on the victim; coping strategies to deal with violence), which can contribute to difficulties for male victims to report intimate partner violence and receive a helpful service. The practical implications of these qualitative findings for police, male victims and the scientific community are discussed.

The Weight of Fear of Violence in Household Budgets

This article investigates the relationship between the perception of violence and the spending on security goods and services in households. Individual microdata from a random national survey on family budget carried out in Brazil in 2008-2009 were used for modeling the household spending using two instrumental variables. The stability of results was checked by applying the Lasso-Gaussian regularization method in the selection of the statistically significant variables. Positive relationships were found between household spending on security goods and services and (i) the fear of insecurity at the household level, (ii) the neighbors’ spending on security, and (iii) the registered criminality, but no evidence was found on the relationship between the role of police on household spending on security goods and services.

Introspective Projection: Prototypical Representations of Policing in the Service of Rule of Law

Mass protests that have taken place over the past decade in various Western democracies have called into question the role of police in society, as officers have employed measures to contain rallies protesting for or against various issues. A number of these protests have resorted to violent means, resisting the police or protesting directly against their role and methods. The present study sought to investigate the prototypical representations of the police that lay citizens use to forge or desist identification with police officers. Social identification enables citizens to consider the police as ingroup members, facilitating respect for their authority. Conversely, identifying the police as outgroup precipitates resistance. The study involved 41 in-depth interviews carried out with citizens of Malta between May and June 2020. Thematic Networks Analysis revealed various points of consensus as well as a number of controversial themes. In particular, respondents demonstrated sceptical attitudes regarding policing on the beat for fear of overfamiliarity, rooted in introspective attributions projected at the police as merely human. Moreover, respondents expressed support for technological innovations that overcome natural psychological tendencies. The findings of this study suggest that seeking increasing trust in the police may be a red herring for policymakers. Rather, efforts should be directed at developing inter-objective systems, (e.g. body-cams), that overcome individual psychological propensities.

Presenting a uniformed self: Symbols of safety in police auxiliary members' perceptions

Volunteers have always played a prominent role in policing. Although known by many names worldwide, auxiliary police in Canada are one particular group of formalized volunteers that have received little research attention. Therefore, through an exploratory survey utilizing both closed and open-ended questions, this article adds to the literature on volunteer police by focusing on how auxiliary members perceived their safety at a police service located in Canada. The findings show how auxiliary members' perceptions of safety were intricately connected to their uniforms, received trainings and associated accoutrements. More specifically, we find that these key elements act as symbols connecting auxiliary members to the extended police family and when they are absent members can feel distanced. Further, safety concerns were expressed as a result of such distancing. The implications of these findings are discussed.

The role of the Palestinian police in protecting victims of crimes: دور الشرطة الفلسطينية في حماية حقوق ضحايا الجريمة

This paper aimed to identify the role of the Palestinian police in protecting the rights of victims by informing the victims of their rights, and determining the victim's right to protection by the judicial police. The researchers used the descriptive and analytical approach based on legal texts related to the protection of the rights of crime victims. This research paper concluded with a set of results and the important results are protection the human rights is the only way to make the human responsive about his community, and the balance between the individual rights and freedoms, the country right, community interest and it’s security and stability is vital necessity. The evidence of Palestinian police Confirmed the rights of victims in protection, and their right of recognizing their roles and the procedures that must be followed in their issues. At the end the two researchers recommended that police officers, especially judicial officers and the General Investigation Department, should receive adequate training to make them aware of how to deal with victims of crime. And how to define the victim's needs, know the principles of providing appropriate and immediate aid, establish rules for listening to the victim's complaint, deal with it and help her, and the need to notify the victim of interest in his case, and to inform him that his presence at the police headquarters will bring him justice and fairness.

Implementation of Covid-19 Vaccination Policy At Bhayangkara Hospital Banjarmasin, As An Effort To Maximize The Role of Police In The Community

The critical role of the police in a pandemic situation, of course, makes the vaccine implementation program at Bhayangkara Hospital very crucial. The National Police is one of the spearheads in dealing with COVID-19. The protection of the apparatus is an important thing that needs to be considered, including implementing the vaccination policy at Bhayangkara Hospital Banjarmasin. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of the COVID-19 vaccination policy. The research focuses on the effectiveness and obstacles faced in implementing vaccinations to handle the COVID-19 Pandemic in South Kalimantan. This research uses a qualitative approach, with the basis of case study research, namely research that is carried out intensively, in detail, and in-depth on a problem that is the object of research. This research is a case study of the COVID-19 vaccination policy, including policy formulation and vaccination implementation. The qualitative approach was carried out using the desk study method, active observation participation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation. This study uses Weimer and Vining's theory because this theory can briefly summarize the various factors that influence policy implementation. These factors include the characteristics of the policy itself, its resources, and the policy environment. The theory can provide an overview for the government in formulating policies so that the established policies can be implemented because the implementation (implementation) of policies is an activity to generate results (output), impact (outcome), benefits (benefits), and impact (impact) that can be enjoyed. By the target group. Implementation of policies vaccines in RS Bhayangkara Banjarmasin already performing well. Even so, keep in mind that vaccines do not automatically mean that COVID-19 will disappear quickly. It takes time to vaccinate the entire population, and The realization of vaccine distribution will have its challenges with the geographical conditions of South Kalimantan, which have various typographical areas. The availability of the vaccine itself is also one of the keys related to its production capacity, affecting the timing of vaccine production for several residents in South Kalimantan

Racial Disparities in Police Crime Victimization

Policing has become a topic of intense public scrutiny and protest in the aftermath of several recent highly questionable and violent police–citizen encounters including the acts of police violence against George Floyd in Minneapolis (MN), Breonna Taylor in Louisville (KY), and Jacob Blake in Kenosha (WI). These encounters have led to large-scale street protests, the legitimization of the Black Lives Matter movement, and what many commentators perceive as a “national reckoning” on the issue of racial justice. The focus of our research is on police crime—a particular form of police misconduct that involves the criminal arrest of police officers. Our work is designed to identify cases in which law enforcement officers have been arrested for any type of criminal offense(s). One area of police scholarship that has thus far been neglected is the relationship between citizen race and the perpetration of police crime. We are aware of no existing empirical studies on whether, and if so, to what degree, citizen race is associated with crimes committed by police officers. The public has been forced to re-examine and question the role and legitimacy of police against the backdrop of protests and concerns about how police may contribute to racial injustice and discrimination. The broadest research issue involved an examination of the association between police crime and the race of the victim. Our goal was to identify and examine any racial disparities of police crime overall and within specific types of police crime. The analyses compared police crimes committed against Black victims to all other police crimes identified within the dataset. More specifically, we examined the degree to which police crimes perpetrated against Black victims tend to be more violent than those perpetrated against non-Black victims. CHAID regression models were utilized to explore any multivariate relationships between race and police crime. Data were derived from published news articles using the Google News search engine and its Google Alerts email update service. Our database currently includes information on more than 18,700 cases of police crime from years 2005–2021. The study utilized data derived from this larger project. The study examined those cases of police crime in which we have identified a victim and recorded information on the race of the victim. The dataset for this study includes information on 865 criminal arrest cases of sworn nonfederal law enforcement officers within the United States from 2005 through 2014.

Anti-police sentiment and police fear of victimization in the UK

AbstractVictimization of police officers when discharging their duties is not a new phenomenon. In challenging those who seek to undermine legislative provision, there is a clear motive for some sections of society to articulate an anti-police sentiment. Such resistance may be a commonplace among those who see the role of police as agitating and disrupting criminal enterprise. This article explores the concept of anti-police sentiment and fear of victimization among police officers while also exploring the mediating effect of officers’ perception of organizational support. Using survey data from the UK, an assessment is made of the lived experience of law enforcement personnel, in respect of how they perceive the threats to which they are subjected and the influence of perceived organizational support (POS) of their employer. Findings show that increased perception of anti-police sentiment is associated with increased fear of victimization among UK police officers, but that effect is mediated by POS.

Police education and role play: Insights from the literature

This article provides a literature review into the utilisation of role play and reflection, as valuable teaching strategies which should be considered for implementation, within the Police Education Qualification Framework. The aim of this article is to challenge the current pedagogical teaching methods utilised as part of the National Policing Curriculum, by highlighting the benefit of a more experiential-based learning strategy, for Professional Policing Degree students, based within England and Wales.

Contextual challenges in police-assisted substance use referral programs: Impact of COVID-19 and Black Lives Matter movement

Background: Police assisted referral (PAR) programs provide people with substance use disorders (SUD) with a non-arrest treatment pathway, yet systemic barriers, including stigma and access to treatment services, may limit engagement. We sought to understand how the dual contextual challenges of COVID-19 and the Black Lives Matter movement have impacted PAR programs. Methods: Participants completed semi-structured interviews between July and September 2020. Transcribed interviews were analyzed qualitatively to extract emergent codes and themes. Results: Key themes included: adoption and reach of adapted remote services, and barriers to access; and questions on the role of police as health service providers, including police embeddedness in the community. COVID-related social distancing demands undermined police engagement with people with SUD. Treatment providers and advocates reported moderate success in utilizing remote interventions as workarounds. While participants acknowledged the Black Lives Matter movement’s criticism of police, many saw continued value in police involvement in substance use interventions, due to their accessibility in communities and capacity for rapid response. Conclusions: PAR programs quickly adapted to a largely remote format, increasing longer-term accessibility. While Black Lives Matter had little direct impact on PAR programs, concerns about police-community relations were acknowledged. Recommendations include further police training to enhance trust and reduce stigma, and wider integration of digitally-based substance use referral options.

Role of Police in Criminal Justice System: An Analytical Study on Indian Perspective

All civil governments hold a criminal justice system to maintain the values of their civilized society. The criminal justice system administers the standard of behavior required to protect individuals in the society. The process of criminal justice operates by apprehending, prosecuting, convicting and sentencing those members of the society who violate the basic rules of social living. The role of police is decisive because the policeman is the first to arrive on the scene of crime. Police, first and foremost, work extensively to maintain discipline and prevent crime, make preventive arrests, conduct investigations and detection, control crowds, control public in festivals, prevent riots and manage vehicle traffic etc. Like this, the police play a wide range of functions. In this study, the researcher has tried to explain all aspects of police in an analytical way in India.

“The Light at the End of the Tunnel Has Been Permanently Shut Off”: Work-Role Overload Among U.S. Police

The functional breadth of the police role is a primary issue facing law enforcement. However, few empirical data examine how officers are experiencing an occupational environment characterized by an increasingly wider range of new (but routine) duties. I take a qualitative approach to explore experiences of work-role overload via in-depth, semi-structured interviews with a sample of U.S. police officers ( N = 48). By applying the framework for thematic analysis, I find that work-role overload is a robust feature of police officers’ occupational experiences and presents in two ways: (a) through quantitative overload related to the excessive volume of work demands and (b) qualitative overload related to strained or diminished psychological resources. The findings provide valuable insights for improving the theoretical understanding of work-role overload among police in light of international trends toward broadening law enforcement’s social functions and add to contemporary discussions to “defund the police.”

Making black lives don't matter via organizational strategies to avoid the racial debate: The military police in Brazil

AbstractThe #BlackLivesMatter movement has raised awareness of the killing of black people by law enforcement agents in the United States specifically and racism in general in different parts of the world. Academics in Management and Organizations have discussed various dimensions of racial inequalities and differences in organizations. However, little discussion has taken place regarding the actual practices deployed by organizations to avoid the racial debate. Based on our experience of doing research into the police in Latin America and engaging in the public debate to stop police killing and the killing of police officers, we discuss here the strategies deployed by the military police forces in Brazil to make black lives don't matter by avoiding discussing the police's role in Brazilian racism. We argue that these strategies make the police to fail to recognize their role in the killing of black people in the country. Despite the Brazilian military police being an extreme case, we suggest organizations maintain more open or more overt strategies that make black lives don't matter and call academics to research and denounce these strategies.

Police Union Political Communications in Canada

Abstract The political communications of police unions in the digital age deserve more attention from criminologists. This article examines the communications of two Canadian police associations in Toronto and Winnipeg. Using multimodal discourse analysis, we describe how police unions tactically engage with multiple forms of media to disseminate strategic narratives that reflect police identity and ideology. We conceptualize the mobilization of ‘thin blue line’ narratives and maintenance of a ‘blue wall of silence’ as forms of boundary work, which serve to favourably delineate the role of police in their communities while sidestepping critical views. The proliferation of digital media amplifies the unions’ capacities to influence local politics by undermining elected authorities and community activists while advancing a police-centric view of society.

Turkey’s contribution to international policing

ABSTRACT The UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations has undergone significant changes in its organisation since 1948. A new global environment established by the end of Cold War, elevated the Police Division to a more pronounced role in international peace as an essential pillar of UN peacekeeping missions. Nonetheless, despite the increased role of police in international missions, research on police contributions to peacekeeping remains limited. This article addresses this gap in literature by highlighting the case of Turkey’s contribution to UN international police peacekeeping missions. The article confirms empirically that the Turkish police contribution has increased since the 2000s by relying on quantitative data offered by the TUBAKOV dataset designed to collect data on international peacekeeping missions of Turkey. The paper contends that, besides global trends, the increased participation of Turkey in UN-led missions reflects its internal political dynamics. First, under the JDP rule, Turkey’s Cold War era subtle foreign policy was transformed to a proactive policy in global politics. Second, since the 2000s, the transformation of civil–military relations has ended the system of military tutelage, and this has had a considerable impact on foreign policy. Civilian authority, by abolishing military dominance, has become the primary actor in foreign policy decision-making.

Policing in a pandemic: how law enforcement communicates with the public

PurposeThis study, a content analysis, aims to analyze general communications from law enforcement via agency websites about the COVID-19 pandemic and how this affected police roles. The authors study the extent to which police departments used their websites to inform the public about COVID-19, changes to their policies and additional information they felt necessary to give members of the public. This is important for understanding how the police inform the public during a pandemic and how the pandemic affected their police role.Design/methodology/approachThe data gathered for this project came from a content analysis of the official websites of the largest municipal police departments in the USA. The researchers collected quantitative data from the official websites of law enforcement agencies who serve the 200 largest cities in the USA in March 2020 and coded the information from the websites to determine what themes were most prevalent.FindingsThe messages most often provided on department websites included information about COVID-19 (52% of websites included this information), modifications to services (33%) and informing users that services such as fingerprinting would be altered (42%). Websites also reminded the public of restrictions on public gatherings (25%) and stay-at-home orders (38%). Further logistic regression analyses explored significant associations among these variables to understand how police/public communications influenced the role of law enforcement during the pandemic.Originality/valueLittle is known about how law enforcement communicates online with the public during a global pandemic like COVID-19 or how this might affect the police role. Police departments can use their websites to communicate important information to citizens and keep communities updated. Policy implications suggest that agencies continue to update websites with important information and be direct about expectations from the public regarding compliance while also being transparent about how police roles might change.

Development and current issues of the legal institution of a complaint against police measures

The author examines the development of the legal institution of the complaint against police measures and the current situation as a result of the 2020 legislative process. By its nature, it uses historical and forensic analytical methods as tools for investigation. Complaints against police measures are not a new legal institution in Hungary either. The demand for complaint procedures to be conducted outside the police was formulated as early as 1876. However, for this to become a reality, there was a need for social discontent and loss of confidence due to the police role played in the autumn of 2006, which strongly motivated the establishment of the Independent Police Complaints Board. This body was able to conduct complaints proceedings against police measures until 27 February 2020. From that time on, the Commissioner for Fundamental Rights took it over. The tools available to the Commissioner result in significantly stronger control mechanisms than being interpretable in the context of social control. In the event that the Commissioner investigates a complaint against a police measure, he may, in addition to finding an infringement, take all the measures which he may take in the exercise of his general task of protecting fundamental rights. With this, the institution of the right to complain against police measures has been greatly strengthened compared to what was previously seen in the case of the Complaints Board.