Police Men Research Articles

Impact of compression only life (COLS) training to police personnel as first responder to cardiac arrest

Bystander CPR is an essential part of Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA). The Indian Society of Anaesthesiology Gujarat State Branch (ISAGSB) had embraced initiatives to teach Compression Only Life Support (COLS) to police personnel as they are likely to arrive before the emergency medical services in case of OHCA, thus increasing the chances of survival of victims. We evaluated the impact of one such training to 300 police men at our institute.: Participants were given a questionnaire in the pre and post training period and the impact of our training was evaluated in terms of attitude and knowledge by comparing the pre and post training scores.In both attitude and knowledge sections, there was a significant improvement in scores (p < 0.001). Marked percentage rise was also seen in the knowledge section with regards to the technique of COLS (<20% pre training to >80% post training). We conclude that raising awareness towards COLS and imparting proper training to first responders like police personnel can significantly improve the chances of survival.

Nigerian Police Force and Fight Against Urban Crimes in Nigeria: Assessment of Socio-Economic Implications

This study assessed the socio-economic implications of the fight against urban crimes in Nigeria by the Nigerian Police Force. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design and made use of both primary and secondary sources of data. The population of the study was the police men and women of the Force Criminal Investigation Department of the Nigerian Police Force State Commands in Imo, Lagos and Abuja numbering 165 (which also serves as sample population of the study). The study adopted the non-probability (judgmental) sampling technique; and the data collected through structured questionnaire instrument were presented and analyzed using frequency percentage and chi-square (X2) statistical instrument of analysis. The study revealed a number of drivers of crimes in urban areas as well as the socio-economic implication of crimes in urban areas in Nigeria. Based on the revelations, the researchers recommended among others that there should be a very proactive and responsive security template for security outfits in Nigeria to ensure adequate safety of lives and properties within the country as it would go a long way in addressing the operational inefficiency and logistical challenges faced by Commands of the Nigeria Police Force in responding adequately to meet residents’ demand for security of their lives and properties.

Factors Associated with Suicide among Police Officers in Brazil: An Integrative Literature Review Study

The study aimed to identify factors associated with suicide among police officers in Brazil. This is an integrative literature review that was based on the following guiding question: "What are the factors associated with suicide among police officers in Brazil?". Searches were performed in November 2023 in the scientific databases Virtual Health Library (VHL) (https:// pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/) and PubMed (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/), from the search key: ((POLICE) AND (SUICIDE)) and (BRAZIL). The descriptors used were extracted from the Mesh/National Library of Medicine platform. Original articles published in the last 10 years that presented characteristics, profile and risk factors associated with suicide were included. Literature review studies, dissertations, theses, letters to the editor and articles in duplicate were excluded. The studies were published between 2007 and 2022. The sample consisted of quantitative descriptive studies (n=3), retrospective cohort (n=1) and ecological time series (n=1). The surveys had samples mostly composed of military police men; only one study investigated federal highway police. The factors associated with suicide and suicidal ideation among police officers in Brazil were financial complications, psychopathological comorbidities, male sex, young age and incipient career graduation.

A Descriptive study on effect of work life factors on personal and social life of workforce at Hyderabad Police Division”

WLB plays a very important role in directly affecting the personal and work life of the employees and indirectly affects the productivity of the organization. Work pressure and increasing stress up on the police in the modern days has been identified as the cause for the problems at work and personal life. Some of the problems identified were stress related diseases, less productivity, work conflict with family engagements, inadequate time spent with the children etc. The study is an attempt to identify some of the causal factors which will till to the work life balance because identification will enable us to plan strategies to manage balance.
 The police men and the police stations chosen are through simple random method the sample includes police men working in Hyderabad police stations with an experience of 3 to 4 years in their respective field located in Hyderabad. Hyderabad is the fast growing area in India with large number of police stations catering service not only the Hyderabad people but also to different places of Telangana like cyber-crimes, white color offences etc. Hence it was felt worth studying work life balance of the critical police work force of this Hyderabad unit. The main sample comprised of 110 policemen and was collected in the year 2022.The selection of police stations and policemen from the police stations was as per the criteria of statistical sample selection. The tools which would be administered are two 1) Personal data schedule 2) Interview schedule

Unions, Occupational Career Change, and Gender Inequality: Using Current Population Survey Panel Data to Assess Police Wage Change

A large body of literature describes the occupational gender wage gap at the national labor market level as well as in specific occupations. Yet, among those studies of within-occupational inequality, few have focused on how occupational career change affects gender wage inequality. With an increasing number of female workers entering into the police labor force as well as the high turnover rate in the police sector, it is important to explore wage changes in this highly unionized and hyper-masculine occupation. Using two-wave panel data from the Current Population Survey Merged Outgoing Rotation Group (CPS-MORG) from 1979 to 2016, this study examines how change in occupational career along with change in union membership may lead to different wage rewards or penalties for police men and police women. Our findings reveal that individuals experience a large increase in wages when joining the police occupation, and this wage bonus is greater for women than for men. Furthermore, individuals joining the police as well as a union see a wage bonus, but wage loss when leaving the police and a union. Overall, police men have a larger wage loss than police women when leaving the police force and losing union membership. Policy implications of these findings are discussed.

Interpersonal Relations and Task Performance

Purpose: The study draws on the social network theory to examine the influence of interpersonal relations on the task performance at the individual employee, team and divisional levels in the Nigerian Police Force.
 Design/methodology/approach: The study adopted a cross sectional survey design and a sample of 556 police men was selected through the application of multi-stage sampling procedures. The data collection instrument was designed in line with the 5-point Likert scale while the instrument was validated through content validity approach and the reliability of the instrument is determined using the test-retest method.
 Findings: Data were collected through the self-report of the policemen while analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics, run mean test and Chi-square test and the results indicated that interpersonal relations influence employee, team and divisional task performance in the Nigerian Police Force.
 Practical implications: We recommended that instrumental ties and social communities in the fabric of the Nigerian Police Force should be promoted to further advance the critical roles of crime fighting and prevention with a view to reducing criminality in Nigeria. 
 Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this research is original and adds new value to the field by being the first of its kind.
 Paper type: Research paper

Prevalence of Hypertension in Policemen in Greyhounds Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

BACKGROUND
 Hypertension, an elevated blood pressure of systolic /diastolic, is a serious medical condition and is a "silent killer" which increases the risks of heart disease, brain stroke, renal diseases etc. The WHO estimate is that 45% of deaths from heart disease and 51% of deaths from stroke worldwide are caused by hypertension. Policemen working in Greyhounds are having one of the most stressful occupations; hypertension is highly prevalent in this population, because their job is task-oriented, stressful duties and combing operations in naxalite areas. Some of the policemen habituated to unhealthy habits like smoking, consumption of alcohol and irregular dietary pattern. The contributory factors like obesity, excessive dietary sodium intake, and low physical activity, family history of hypertension increase BMI. The prevalence of hypertension observed among Greyhounds policemen is 39.6%, which is significantly higher than previous studies of hypertension in policemen. Hypertension can be prevented by adopting healthy lifestyle modifications, periodical check-ups, timely diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we wanted to find out the prevalence of hypertension in the policemen randomly selected in greyhounds Visakhapatnam.
 METHODS
 A cross-sectional study of total of 124 police men randomly selected greyhounds Visakhapatnam, the age ranged from 18 to 60 years. Data were collected using sphygmomanometer, body mass analyser (In Body 570), semi-structured interview schedule, and analysed in EXCEL using SPSS version 21.0.
 RESULTS
 Among 124 participants, 49 (39.6%) participants were found to be hypertensive. Increasing age, family history, smoking, higher BMI, presence of diabetes were the significant factors associated with hypertension among study subjects.
 CONCLUSIONS
 Hypertension in policemen emerged as an important health problem. Therefore, it is the need of the hour to devise a sound screening strategy to diagnose and treat hypertension among policemen. Devise a comprehensive strategy for the management of HTN.

Justification of necessity increasing the level of special preparedness of future women's officers of the department’s National police

In today's conditions, the service activities of the National Police of Ukraine take place in very extreme conditions. Therefore, the training of police men and women needs constant improvement. The article substantiates the expediency of increasing the level of physical fitness, as a component of special training, future female officers for the National Police by kettlebell lifting in training and service in higher education institutions with specific training conditions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of educational and methodical recommendations, information sources on research topics, documentary method, method of comparison. It has been found that kettlebell lifting exercises, which have a number of advantages, will have a positive effect on the level of development of physical qualities of future female officers and their motor skills in the application of self-defense, personal safety and physical influence. The results of the study indicate the feasibility of using weightlifting in the educational process of future female officers of higher education institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, which will increase their level of special training and improve the performance of official duties.

A STUDY ON MORAL ANXIETY OF SCHOOL TEACHERS

NOTHING IN HUMAN AFFAIRS IS WORTHY OF GREAT ANXIETY. – PLATO Man is a moral being. Life is so meaningful and beautiful. The purpose of life is to be happy. Moral character is fundamental to get happiness in the social life. Morality is that which gives clarity on right and wrong. Man must develop an acceptable moral and ethical behavior. No police men can watch your moral behavior but your inner consciousness will watch all the time. A kind of anxious state towards moral and ethical behavior of one self is helpful to make man with sound character. Plato says, “nothing in human affairs is worthy of great anxiety”. It is important to understand the level of moral anxiety in relation to sound moral values. Present paper is focusing on level of moral anxiety of school teachers. This study clarifies about how far the school teachers are having introspective and curious state towards acceptance of Moral Values.

To Lie or Not to Lie: Revisiting Albert Camus’ The Outsider

Meursault is different. He will not lie. He will not pretend. He is true to himself. So when his mother dies and he is unmoved, he refuses to do the proper thing and grieve. Returning to his native place after the funeral, he carries on life as usual until he becomes involved in a climatic murder scene. In court, it is clear that Meursault’s guilt or innocence will not be determined by what he did or did not do. He is on trial for being different- an outsider. For example in court when the police man asked Meursault if “he is ‘nervous’. He said no. Infact, in a way it would be interesting to watch a trail” (Camus, The Outsider 81).

Is there a marriage or parenthood effect on police income?

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the gendered effects of marriage and parenthood on income inequality among police officers.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses survey data collected by the Current Population Survey (CPS) from 1976 to 2018. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression is employed to analyze the effect of gender, marriage and parenthood on the yearly income of police officers, controlling for other demographic variables.FindingsThe analyses reveal that there is a large income difference among men and women police officers and the compensation processes appear strongly gendered based on family composition. Police women experience a large motherhood income penalty, while police men with traditional family structures have significant income advantages.Research limitations/implicationsWhile the CPS dataset allows us to track national level trends of within-occupational income inequality, these data are unable to provide detailed information on the specifics of each police job, such as rank of police officers or work experience. Despite these limitations, this study uncovers important patterns in how family structure shapes police income.Originality/valueThe present study fills the knowledge gap about marriage and motherhood penalty among police. This study represents one of the first attempts to explore the gendered compensation processes that are shaped by marriage and parenthood status among police officers at a national level.

Missile War Injuries of the Craniofacial Region

Many factors govern the nature, severity, and outcome of missile war injuries and associated soft tissue damages. Managements of primary phase and trauma care have improved significantly. Many of these injured victims survived and require immediate care for primary phase management. Secondary phase was achieved by reconstruction of soft tissue by local, regional flaps, and bony defect by bone grafting.There is no consensus on timing of treatment of bone and soft tissue of missile war injuries.Currently, in Iraq, anti-government's protestors' movement for the last 3 months mainly unemployed young people demanding for human rights has resettled in 22,000 people being injured. This includes more than 600 young men who were assassinated by unknown killers through confrontation with security and police men using tear gas canisters and sound bombs. The demonstrators used mini cars (Tuck Tuck) for attacking policemen and security people and used them for transferring injured demonstrators as ambulance to a special tent in the Tahrir Square for receiving first aid.

Impact Assessment of Traffic Emission on the Respiratory System of Non-Smoking Traffic Policemen in Palestine

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of prolonged exposure of non-smoking traffic police men to vehicular emission within the northern Gaza Governorate-Palestine. Samples of atmospheric pollutants such as PM10, CO and CO2 were collected alongside respiratory data involving lung function, chest and respiratory status and direct physical examination. This was done in order to understand the level of association between respiratory status such as effect on breathing, upper respiratory tract irritation, frequent cough and eye irritation. Chi-square statistical techniques and descriptive statistics were applied in the datasets. The result shows that there is a strong association between air pollution and respiratory disease with a p-value 0.027 at significance of alfa 0.05. The statistical result shows that about 20 non-smoking traffic policemen have upper respiratory tract infection, 15 with frequent cough symptom, 6 with shortness of breathing and 25 with eye irritation. This study is an indication that vehicular emission within the study area is a primary source of pollution that possesses a risk in exposing non-smoking policemen to series of respiratory diseases. Government agencies and other stakeholders should provide preventive measures in either reducing the number, concentration and sizes of pollutants emitted or provide protective measures to reduce the level of exposure of traffic policemen and other habitants.

The Gendered Nature of Security in El Salvador: Challenges for Community-Oriented Policing

With the purge of the Military Forces and the creation of a new National Civilian Police ( PNC ) as mandated by the 1992 Peace Accords, El Salvador set the stage for the construction of a less state-oriented security approach. However, a failure to question issues of security and a lack of consideration of gender in the Peace negotiations and the Security Reform resulted in an overly gendered understanding of security, were the State remained as its subject and the practice privileged a militarized masculinity that has hindered the implementation of democratic policing. In this context, 25 years after the Peace Accords, the police have been unable to consolidate a democratic policing practice as oppressive policing strategies remain deeply embedded in the institution, side-by-side with heavy-handed measures that use repression to control social violence. From a feminist critical security approach, the article questions the gendered nature of security in El Salvador, and investigates the implication of the introduction of militaries into the work of the police, in terms of its symbolic influence in the gendered expectations of police men and women, and the practical impact it has on their work, e.g., the difficulty of consolidating Community-Oriented Policing. The argument is based on interviews and focus groups with police men and women, as well as with feminist organizations. The information was gathered during fieldwork in 2018 and 2019, and through extensive literature review.

The Gendered Nature of Security in El Salvador: Challenges for Community-Oriented Policing

With the purge of the Military Forces and the creation of a new National Civilian Police ( PNC ) as mandated by the 1992 Peace Accords, El Salvador set the stage for the construction of a less state-oriented security approach. However, a failure to question issues of security and a lack of consideration of gender in the Peace negotiations and the Security Reform resulted in an overly gendered understanding of security, were the State remained as its subject and the practice privileged a militarized masculinity that has hindered the implementation of democratic policing. In this context, 25 years after the Peace Accords, the police have been unable to consolidate a democratic policing practice as oppressive policing strategies remain deeply embedded in the institution, side-by-side with heavy-handed measures that use repression to control social violence. From a feminist critical security approach, the article questions the gendered nature of security in El Salvador, and investigates the implication of the introduction of militaries into the work of the police, in terms of its symbolic influence in the gendered expectations of police men and women, and the practical impact it has on their work, e.g., the difficulty of consolidating Community-Oriented Policing. The argument is based on interviews and focus groups with police men and women, as well as with feminist organizations. The information was gathered during fieldwork in 2018 and 2019, and through extensive literature review.

Transform Android App into Self Defending Tool against Attacks for Women

In this day and age, the utilization of advanced cells among individuals has expanded quickly. Directly portable application assumes a noteworthy job in ladies insurance by methods for utilizing stage like Windows, Android, and IOS etc.Hence this undertaking can be utilized for the individual security of ladies. This task targets building up an application that guarantees moment colleague for ladies enduring in extraordinary pain/high risk to security by sending area to their companions, relatives, police and their neighborhood to their area. It very well may be used to find and help ladies' in trouble situation. By a solitary touch on this application at the crisis circumstance sends a crisis ready message. The framework utilizes area following that empowers moment help with finding the unfortunate casualty from numerous sources. The framework sends crisis messages to neighbors and closer base station. One of the unique highlights in this application is to send ready message until the "stop" catch is clicked. Consistent spot distinguishing data by means of SMS finds the area of the unfortunate casualty rapidly and can be saved securely. This procedure is useful to know the development of the individual who is in the bothered condition. Further, the framework permits included security of following by various people on various areas and time interim. This may be useful to recognize the subtleties of the unfortunate casualty at the time interim when the alarm message is gotten. These extra subtleties will contain around three to four man subtleties. Notwithstanding these we can send image of the unfortunate casualty to family, companions, police men and social activists.

Occupational stress and its coping strategies among the police personnel of the Chitradurga city: a cross-sectional study

Background: Everyone relishes having a peaceful and safe society to live in. But nobody thinks about the police who work hard to keep our community safe and secure. They have to face potentially hazardous situations that can result in physical or mental trauma or even death in the line of duty. This study will help to reveal the stress and coping strategies employed by the police personnel of Chitradurga city. To determine the stressful situations faced by the police personnel and to ascertain the positive & negative coping strategies employed by the study participants.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among the police personnel in all the five police stations in Chitradurga city for a period of one year. Complete enumeration method was used to include 282 police men and women in the study. A pre-designed, pre-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Appropriate statistical tests were applied.Results: The mean age of the participants was 36.13±10.33. Majority of them were males (89%), Hindus (95.4%), graduates (49.6%), living in their own house (38.7%), hailing from a nuclear family (62.1%) and belonged to socio-economic status class I (50%) according to modified BG Prasad’s classification.Conclusions: The stress was found to be significantly associated with work-related factors like difficulties in meeting deadlines, insufficient personal time, inadequate family time, needing changes in the department, eagerness to go to work and job satisfaction.

Баланс жизни и работы у женщин-полицейских в Вологодской области

В статье анализируется сочетание жизни и работы в «мужской» профессии — в полиции — у женщин в Вологодской области. Анализ основан на качественном исследовании, проведенном в 2016—2017 гг. в Вологде, Вытегре, Тотьме и Никольске методами фокус-групп, индивидуальных и групповых интервью. Исследовательской целью было выявление способов поддержания баланса между жизнью и работой женщинами-полицейскими и мужчинами-полицейскими. Задачи исследования состояли в определении особенностей работы женщин и мужчин в полиции, возможного сегрегирования и дискриминации по полу внутри этой профессии, характера сочетания полицейскими рабочих и семейных обязанностей, степени и причин удовлетворенности работой, соотношения профессии с гендерными идеалами самих женщин и мужчин и их окружения, особенностей маскулинных идеалов, характерных для мужчин-полицейских, перспектив карьерного роста женщин и мужчин в полиции. Было выявлено, что мужчины и женщины самостоятельно и по-разному решают проблемы баланса жизни и труда при работе в полиции — первые стремятся проводить как можно больше времени на работе и ищут возможности дополнительного заработка, уделяя, однако, время и домашним делам — прежде всего для сохранения возможности жене также иметь оплачиваемую работу. Женщины поддерживают баланс путем флексибилизации своей общей рабочей и семейной занятости, устраняя временные границы между работой и семейными заботами. 
 Благодарность. Статья подготовлена на основании данных, полученных в рамках проекта фонда Хамовники «Участковый уполномоченный полиции в системе взаимоотношений с местным сообществом: анализ ролевых моделей» (2016), а также при поддержке гранта №18-05-0049 от Научного фонда НИУ ВШЭ в 2018—2019 гг. на создание научно-учебной группы по изучению женщин и мужчин на госслужбе в России в рамках государственной поддержки ведущих университетов Российской Федерации «5-100».

Factors influencing the stress among the police personnel of Chitradurga city: a cross-sectional study

Background: Policemen are the real heroes of our country, but most people are unaware of the amount of stress they face every day. Their work involves protecting life, safeguarding properties by vigilant patrolling and maintaining law and order in the society. Hence the present study on the police personnel of Chitradurga city will help to reveal the impact of their job on their day to day life. The objectives of the study were to find out the stress level among the police personnel; to assess the influence of demographic, occupational and personal factors on the stress.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among the police personnel in the five police stations in Chitradurga city for a period of one year. Complete enumeration method was used to include 282 police men and women in the study. A pre-designed, pre-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Appropriate statistical tests were applied.Results: The mean age of the participants was 36.13±10.33. The participants in the study were predominantly males, 89%. About 70.9% of the study participants were found to be stressed - 38.7% had mild stress, 26.2% had moderate stress and 6% had severe stress.Conclusions: The stress was found to be significantly associated with marital and socioeconomic status, station, shift work, having sustained injuries during work, attending court summons, smoking, alcohol consumption, tobacco chewing, less sleep and snoring.

Prevalence of obesity and it’s associated risk factors among policemen of Chitradurga district, Karnataka, India

Background: Obesity is an increasingly prevalent disease worldwide and can be regarded as a health problem among individuals of different occupations, including policemen, who are responsible for public security. Working throughout the day in stressful atmosphere produces adverse physical and psychological effects. We conducted this study to find the prevalence of obesity among policemen, if any, and to identify the associated risk factors for obesity in this population.Methods: Cross sectional study was conducted among 410 police personnel of 4 talukas of Chitradurga District, Karnataka from July 2017 to January 2018. Semi-structured questionnaire was prepared to collect the data, which consist of socio-demographic data, clinical examination findings, anthropometric measurements and biochemical investigations. At the end whoever had high risk factors, were treated for the same along with advice on healthy life style. Data entered in Microsoft Excel 2007 and analysed using SPSS software, version 20. Frequency tables, ANOVA test and chi-square test were used for analysis and interpretation.Results: There were total 392 males and 18 females. Age group was ranging from 21 years to 59 years. 201(49%) of the police officers were overweight and 45(11%) were obese. Ideal weight police men were younger than obese policemen and weighed less than obese police. There was statistical difference in BMI between the three groups of policemen. The mean TG and TC levels among overweight and obese were higher than ideal weight policemen and this difference was statistically significant. 32.9% of participants had a high TC level (≥200 mg/100 ml). Moreover, 93.4% and 84.1% had a low level of HDL-C and high level of LDL-C, respectively (<40 mg/ 100 ml and >150 mg/100 ml, respectively). 49.5% of our study participants had TG levels >150mg/100 ml. 60.5% and 42.7% had high SBP and DBP, respectively (>130 mmHg and >90mmHg). The difference between TC and HDL between different BMI groups was statistically significant.Conclusions: Obesity and hypertension are high risk factors for development of cardiovascular diseases. Early detection of the same and effective implementation of a physical fitness program, a regular balanced diet, inoculation training for managing stress can improve the life of police personnel.