Order Policing Research Articles

“The War at Home”: Winning the Hearts and Minds of the Black Community; Race and Policing in New York City, 1970 to 1973

This article argues that in 1971 a war between the radical Black Liberation Army and the New York City Police Department (NYPD) erupted, and within this war, the NYPD tried to influence Black politics in the city’s Black community. However, the Black community in New York City was not monolithic politically. This community was diverse in its political makeup, and there was a political ambivalence by Black people about policing in their communities. It further demonstrates that the law-and-order turn was not fully embedded in white liberals’ virtuous attempts to pacify Black radicals or that the rise of law and order was not solely a product of federal projects such as the War on Poverty. Instead, this article argues that political debates within New York City’s Black community and efforts by the NYPD to influence Black politics largely drove the city toward greater law and order policing.

Partnership Relations Between the National Police and the Community in the De-Occupied Territories of Ukraine

The purpose of the article is to determine the essence and features of partnership relations between the National Police and the community on the basis of current Ukrainian and foreign legislation, different opinions of scientists, and empirical data, as well as identify the main problems and propose effective methods of solving them in the de-occupied territories of Ukraine. The methodological basis of the study is comparative legal and systemic analysis, formal legal method, interpretive method, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis. The partnership of the National Police with the population was characterized and its features were revealed. In the context of the research topic, individual points of view of scientists regarding building an effective partnership between the police and the community were considered. Such legal categories as “occupation”, “de-occupation” and “reintegration” of territories were characterized and their features were distinguished. The problems of organization and functioning of partnership relations between the National Police and the community were considered. A conclusion was made about the importance of cooperation with active residents of the community in the de-occupied territories with the National Police in order to more effectively prevent new crimes. Taking into account the current legislation and positive international experience in this field of legal relations, optimal directions and forms of interaction between the National Police of Ukraine and public formations in the de-occupied territories were proposed.

Optimisation and improvement of police officers’ special rank types

The article examines the process of reforming the law enforcement system in Ukraine, in particular the creation of the National Police in 2015, and its impact on the rank system of police officers. Special attention is paid to the main changes that occurred as a result of this reform. In particular, such positive aspects as bringing police standards closer to the European level, as well as creating a new police uniform and changing the rank system are highlighted. It is important to note that the reform is aimed at improving the efficiency of law enforcement agencies and their interaction with the public. The article also highlights the problem of the lack of additional ranks and limited career opportunities for junior police officers, which can lead to professional burnout and reduced staff motivation. An analysis of the positive experience of using the extended rank of junior and sergeant ranks in countries such as Canada, Germany, Greece, Spain, as well as the states of Virginia and Delaware in the USA is conducted. The proposed ways of solving the shortcomings in the rank system are aimed at improving the working conditions and motivation of the police personnel. In addition, it is proposed to introduce new ranks for junior and non-commissioned officers of the police in order to stimulate further self-development of professional skills and career growth prospects. In addition, each new rank will have separate duties and functions that will facilitate mutual assistance and cooperation with other police officers. It is also important to emphasise the need to update the design for cadets of higher education institutions with specific learning conditions and lyceums.

Criminal Law Formulation Policy to Prevent Corporate Crimes Conducting Mining in Forest Areas without Permission

Corporations carrying out mining activities in forest areas are still widespread, the existing laws and regulations currently in force are still not enough to prevent corporate crimes in the criminal sector without a business permit from the central government, which causes the risk of environmental damage and social disadvantage for the community, which means In the absence of harmonious law enforcement in the field, there is a need for a concept to provide legal certainty regarding the burden of criminal liability for violations by corporations carrying out mining activities without a permit through policy formulation to provide certainty. The purpose of this writing is to know, understand, analyze, describe and discover the concept of criminal law formulation policies in preventing corporate crimes that carry out mining activities in forest areas without ministerial permission. The results of this writing, through the Connectivity Legal Theory, will be believed to provide a breath of fresh air in law enforcement within the police in order to ensnare corporations that carry out covert and organized business activities. This will provide certainty in the basic guidelines. It differs in that the interpretation method is still ambiguous from various points of view and is still difficult to apply without basic references in countries that adhere to the continental European legal system. The idea of law enforcement in realizing an Article which still contains ambiguities but is based on other rules can be used as a reference to strengthen the position of the Article with the following provisions: a. Still relevant in law in the same environment; b. Still in the same hierarchy of laws and regulations; c. Connected regulations provide clarity on legal issues in legislative formulation; d. Bag-connected rules provide clarity in criminal liability

Another sign on the wall: Graffiti slogans between dissent and post-political dynamics

This paper contributes to the debate on the ‘post-political city’ in urban studies. This debate has highlighted that the ‘post-political’ seems now an inherent condition of contemporary cities. However, empirical analysis reflects a more complex reality where dissent in urban space can challenge the idea of a ‘post-political city’ by default. Among the expressions of dissent within urban space, ‘graffiti slogans’ offer interesting insights if contextualised within the post-political theory. To support my thesis, I analyse the case study of Porta Palazzo in Turin (Italy), an urban area undergoing deep urban and social transformations. Drawing on Rancière, on the walls of Porta Palazzo, ‘politics’ and ‘police order’ are constantly intertwined through graffiti slogans created, modified and erased.

Importance of a Letter of Operational Coordination Agreement (Loca) Between Airnav and Police

Juwata Tarakan International Airport serves scheduled and unscheduled flights. The North Kalimantan Regional Police Helicopter is also an unscheduled flight that served by Juwata Tarakan International Airport, especially Perum LPPNPI Tarakan Branch. The police helicopter flies from MAPOLDA North Kalimantan located in Tanjung Selor to MAKOPOLAIRUD located in Tarakan and vice versa. The movement of the police helicopter can endanger the movement of aircraft traffic that is descent to circuit altitude to land at Juwata Tarakan International Airport and can interfere with aircraft that will take-off from Runway 24. The purpose of this research is to review the importance of making a Letter of Operational Coordination Agreement (LOCA) between Perum LPPNPI Tarakan Branch and the North Kalimantan Regional Police in order to create aviation safety and security, especially in Tarakan Airspace. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation. The results revealed that the North Kalimantan Regional Police helicopter flight path was very dangerous for VFR flights passing through the VFR corridor of Tarakan Airspace, causing potential hazards. To overcome and prevent the potential occurrence of these hazards, the need to make a Letter of Operational Coordination Agreement between Perum LPPNPI Tarakan Branch and the North Kalimantan Regional Police regarding flight procedures and safe routes to pass will ensure safety, security, efficiency, and regularity of flight traffic on Tarakan Airspace.

The Downward Redistribution of Breath: Abolitionist Visions of Healing Justice from Chicago

Abstract A new generation of visionary artists, activists, and healers from queer and trans Black, Indigenous, and People of Colour communities offer a crucial wellspring for insurgent ideas about breathing, healing, and justice that contrast the dominant militarized policing order in the United States. At a time when the proliferating calamities of global fascism, climate chaos, and endless warfare appear ascendant across the planet, how do minoritarian cultural workers living and labouring in the heart of empire make sense of this dying world order while breathing life into new worlds through their creative practices? The ecology of minoritarian aesthetics emerging from recent overlapping protest movements in Chicago are working to turn the tide against prisons, policing, and American warfare. They offer a powerful roadmap for indexing the dystopian here and now of US imperial decline and imagining rebellious futures that can move us from despair and isolation to coalition and transformation.

정부기관 청렴도 인식이 경찰신뢰에 미치는 영향과 정부기관 신뢰의 매개효과

Looking at previous studies on factors affecting trust in police in Korea, we can see that most of them are limited to variables related to police activities (fairness, effectiveness, etc.). However, the police is one of the government agencies under the Ministry of Public Administration and Security, and improving police activities or citizens' awareness of police activities alone may not be enough to increase trust in the police. Previous overseas studies have gone further to identify factors influencing trust in the police through comparative studies using country-level variables. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of citizens' perception of the integrity of government agencies on trust in the police and to verify the mediating effect of trust in government agencies in that influence relationship. Accordingly, the Korea Institute of Public Administration conducted a quantitative statistical analysis based on the results of a survey collected as part of the 2021 “Study on Governance and the Level of Trust in Korean Society.” As a result of the analysis, trust in government agencies was found to have a significant partial mediating effect between the integrity of government agencies and trust in the police. These research results suggest that there is a need to more broadly discuss improving trust in the police in order to elicit police cooperation as an essential element of community police activities, which is the basis of the modern police activity paradigm. Therefore, in follow-up research, related influencing factors should be explored through a review of overseas previous research, and scale development and validation work to apply it domestically should be prioritized.

“Zapatista” as a Case of Impossible Identification: Subjectification in Rancière and the EZLN

The Zapatista movement that went public on January 1st, 1994, as a national liberation army occupying several towns in Chiapas, Mexico had long-lasting effects. Apart from inspiring other movements all over the world, the Zapatista movement introduced an alternative to the objective of taking political power through electoral victory or armed struggle. The alternative politics in question was based on equality that entailed a subjectification process. In this way, what allowed for the emergence of the alternative was, in Rancière's terms, politics as subject formation against the police order that attributes the proper places of the parts of society as well as defining the parts themselves. While there is a constant risk of cooptation of the moment of politics by the police order, the continuous subject formation through impossible identification in the Zapatista movement could make the movement the movement of all the excluded by reflecting the struggles of the other excluded groups into the movement and reflecting the movement into those other struggles. Key Words: Zapatista Movement, Jacques Rancière, Politics, Subjectification, Impossible Identification JEL Classification: H77, P32

VON DER ‘MACHT, WELT ZU MACHEN’: RADIKALE DEMOKRATIE IN SHARON DODUA OTOOS ADAS RAUM*

ABSTRACTDrawing on Jacques Rancièreʼs radical democratic concept of dissensus, my article centres on the epistemic, affective and verbal forms of resistance depicted in Sharon Dodua Otooʼs debut novel Adas Raum. In four diegetic narrative strands, a police order of the visible and the sayable damages and assimilates the characters’ lives. According to Jamika Ajalon, stories are lost in colonised space, but at the same time self‐determined stories have been shared generation after generation in order to stay alive. The everyday of Ada, but also of supposedly minor characters, such as the survivors of the Irish famine Lizzie and Alfie, is not only the site of violent Othering. Interconnected through different historical eras, the characters imagine other worlds at the margins. They develop creative counter‐strategies and safer spaces which can be understood, with Davina Cooper, as everyday utopias. I will show that the dissensual tension between experiencing the world as it is and the search for a better future can be seen as a central leitmotif of the novel. By giving back agency to marginalised subjects in narratives of resistance, Otoo's novel can be seen as an aesthetic artefact that brings to life world‐making, dissensual images which political activists can appropriate in their fight for equality and freedom.

대형재난 정보획득 수준이 경찰 역할 인식에 미치는 영향

This thesis is a study aimed at examing the effect of the level of information acquisition on the perception of the role of the police in order to reduce the damage of a disaster in the event of a large-scale disaster and suggesting improvement measures. Recently, as society develops, the world becomes more complex and diverse, so when disaster occurs, it tends to become larger and more severe. In order to reduce damage from large-scale disasters, it is necessary to actively follow the control of agencies responding to disasters. In many cases, it is not possible to respond effectively due to problems. As a result of statistical analysis based on the contents of the survey, it was found that the more effective the information, the less aware the role of the police is in Korean citizens, proving that the existing disaster information delivery system needs to be improved. In order to improve this, it is necessary to provide important information stably and repeatedly in a unified way rather than providing a lot of information. Suggested ways to improve the current system.

A Politics of Care from the Margins of Chile's Social Uprising

This essay addresses the Chilean social uprising of 2019 through the experiences of Marta and Juan, two residents of the peripheries of Santiago, who became involved in this event despite having no previous experience of participation in social and political organizations. It explores this event's strength in triggering contentious actions on the urban margins, and repression by the police-criminal apparatus of the state. Delving into the ethical and biographical dispositions facilitating this couple's politicization during the course of the revolt, it argues that the critical force of this event lies precisely in the entry of unexpected—even unwanted—actors into the political space. Through a biographical narrative approach, it details the shift of its protagonists. By way of subjectivation, this shift unfolds in them a critical attitude embodied in public interventions demanding equality and social justice and in acts of community and neighborhood solidarity. The case sheds light on a rarely explored dimension of social revolts: the way certain actors collectively experience these critical events through a politics of care, bringing the polis into the domestic space, and from such politicization of the oikos, opens an unusual way of challenging the police order of their world.

경찰법상 위험방지를 위한 출석명령

In this study, the legal issues raised in relation to the attendance order for danger prevention were considered. The attendance order means that the police order the person directly to appear at the police station at a designated time or at regular intervals during that period for the purpose of preventing danger, not for the purpose of investigation or investigation. An attendance order is useful and necessary to prevent danger, but the Police Act does not provide for an attendance order as a standard action. In this case, the question arises whether the general authority clause can be a legal basis for an attendance order for danger prevention. Since an attendance order to prevent danger can severely violate the right to freedom of action, freedom of residence and movement, and, in some cases, freedom of assembly, general authority clause cannot be the legal basis for an attendance order. Another reason why the general authority clause cannot be the legal basis for an attendance order is that the general authority clause requires 'specific danger' as a requirement for police action, but the attendance order is issued at a stage before a specific danger occurs. Another reason why a attendance order cannot be enforced under the general authority clause is that a violation of 'public order', which the general authority clause requires as a requirement for police action, cannot justify a serious violation of rights, such as a attendance order. Finally, another reason why the general authority clause cannot be a legal basis for an attendance order is that where special standard measures are provided for in the Police Act measures more serious than these standard measures can be excluded by analogy. In the end, it can be established that general authority clause cannot be the legal basis for an attendance order for danger prevention. Since there is no explicit provision allowing attendance order for danger prevention in the current law, if the legislature prepares an explicit provision regarding this, it is necessary to prepare a legal basis that satisfies the principle of clarity, excessive prohibition and due process.

Criminological Views Against Abuse Narcotics by Child

The causes of children abusing narcotics in terms of criminology. This writing uses empirical research methods with a case approach, this approach researchers will get information from various aspects of the actual issue. Factors that cause narcotics abuse by children are influenced by various factors including personal factors, family factors, environmental factors, certain group or organizational factors, economic factors, and vulnerable population factors. Efforts that can be made in overcoming narcotics abuse by children are divided into two, namely preventive or repressive efforts or prosecution. Preventive efforts are efforts made with preventive activities carried out by the authorities in this case the police in order to minimize the occurrence of Narcotics Abuse by children

Citizen satisfaction with the police and college-based informal social controls: An unexpected finding

PurposeLaw enforcement enforcers depend heavily upon favorable citizen satisfaction with the police in order to effectively perform their job. While numerous studies have researched antecedents to public satisfaction with the police, to date, few have examined whether variation in this outcome is the result of college-based informal social controls. MethodsQuestionnaire data were collected in digital format from a convenience sample of college students (N = 1480) enrolled in a mid-size university located in the southeastern United States. ResultsA series of linear regression equations found how attachment and involvement positively predicted citizen satisfaction. Unexpectedly though, and contrary to original hypotheses, both beliefs and commitment shared negative correlations with our outcome of interest. ConclusionsTo ease tensions between the police and young adult community, police officers are encouraged to engage in community outreach programs with this population.

POLICING IN PAKISTAN: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF LAW ENFORCEMENT PRACTICES AND CHALLENGES FOR REFORM

Policing is a critical component of the criminal justice system, responsible for maintaining law and order, preventing and investigating crimes, and enforcing the law. In Pakistan, policing has a long history, with the police force being established during the British colonial era. However, over the years, the police force has faced numerous challenges, including corruption, inadequate training, and inefficient organizational structure. These challenges have resulted in poor public confidence in the police, which has hindered the ability of law enforcement agencies to effectively address crime and maintain law and order. The current legal framework governing policing in Pakistan is the Police Order, 2002, which provides the basis for the organization and functioning of the police force. However, this framework has faced criticism for being inadequate and outdated, failing to address the challenges faced by law enforcement agencies. Moreover, the police force in Pakistan is decentralized, with district police officers responsible for maintaining law and order at the local level. This decentralization has led to inefficiencies and duplication of efforts, as different districts may have different priorities and strategies for addressing crime. In recent years, there have been efforts to reform the police force in Pakistan, including the establishment of the Pakistan Police Academy to provide training and capacity building to police officers. However, these efforts have been hampered by a lack of resources, corruption, and political interference. As a result, the police force in Pakistan continues to face significant challenges in terms of capacity, capability, and legitimacy.

Peran Bhabinkamtibmas Polres Tapanuli Tengah Guna Menekan Terjadinya Tindak Pidana dalam Rangka Terpeliharanya Kamtibmas di Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah

The purpose of this study is to examine the role, position, actualization of the role and barriers to the Bhabinkamtibmas of the Central Tapanuli Resort Police in order to suppress the occurrence of criminal acts in the context of maintaining security and order. The type of research used is empirical legal research with field data through interviews with officials at the Central Tapanuli Resort Police. This study uses a statutory approach and a case approach. Data analysis in this study was carried out by selecting secondary data from library research and primary data from field research and analyzed qualitatively. The conclusion in this study is that the role and position of Bhabinkamtibmas normatively regulated in the Regulation of the Head of the National Police of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3 of 2015 concerning Community Policing, the actualization of the role of Bhabinkamtibmas of the Central Tapanuli Police in order to suppress the occurrence of criminal acts in the framework of maintaining public security and order in the District Central Tapanuli has been carried out according to statutory provisions. Obstacles in actualizing the role of Bhabinkamtibmas of the Central Tapanuli Resort Police to suppress the occurrence of criminal acts in the context of maintaining public security and order in Central Tapanuli Regency are found in aspects of this legal structure including Bhabinkamtibmas personnel who are still lacking in the quantity and facilities needed are not adequate.

Rethinking the ordinary and the extraordinary: Reading Rancière’s dissensual politics through Kuhn

Jacques Rancière’s theorisation of the political has been particularly influential in investigating political struggles and social movements. By distinguishing between the police order – tasked with maintaining the dominant (hierarchical) system – and politics – aiming at breaking that system – Rancière suggests reading the political as a disruptive event. However, he does not specifically engage with the question of how politics affects and changes the police order. This is what this article aims at exploring. Building upon Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, I suggest approaching the police order in the same way Kuhn approaches ‘normal science’ and reading the political in the same way Kuhn reads revolutionary science. I ultimately suggest that Rancière’s theorisation of the political is limited because he does not (sufficiently) account for the interplay between police/politics nor for the emergence of an after-politics, that is, a new (ordinary) police order that emerges out of (extraordinary) political events.

Exploring the added value of portable devices such as near infrared spectrometer in the field of illicit drugs analyses

Facing the problem of backlogs in the forensic laboratories, the field of illicit drugs analyses has recently seen the development of different types of portable devices. Their main purpose is to be used directly by the police in order to reduce the number of specimens that are sent to the laboratories. Several portable devices have shown promising results. To avoid misuses, the added value of these devices should be explored, in order to establish “good practices” and keep the communication channels open between the police and the laboratories. Adapting sampling procedures around the use of portable devices allows for real-time qualitative and quantitative data. Forensic scientists can therefore rapidly assess whether every specimen in a seizure contain illicit drugs and if the seizure is composed of specimens showing different composition. Based on these information, forensic scientists can proceed to an intelligence-led sampling and prioritise specimens that would require further analyses. Additionally, the availability of more analysis data can strengthen the confidence in the reporting of the sampling process and the analyses results. Various scenarios have been tested in an operational context at the Geneva Cantonal Police Force using an ultraportable NIR device. The focus was oriented on sampling issues and the intelligence produced. Results indicate a great potential to detect the different classes within a seizure and therefore to ensure a representative sampling for further analyses.

Extent of Forensic Practices of Police Investigators: A Basis for Enhancement Plan

In criminal investigations, the Directorate for Investigation and Detective Management – Police investigators are required by Philippine National Police orders to conduct forensic science-based crime scene investigations. In order to ensure that every government employee adheres to the accepted belief that public office is a public trust, it is challenging to assess the work of police detectives performing crime scene investigations using forensic technology. This essential value of forensic science in police investigations is undeniable. This study discusses the scope of police forensic methods in ballistics, photography, and dactyloscopy, specifically in the Province of Antique. These issues regarding the scope of practices in conducting investigations and forensic examinations are expressed via a survey questionnaire and a series of statistical tests. In addition, the report outlines the difficulties experienced by these Philippine National Police investigators. The results of the study found that police investigators had a high level of forensic experience with ballistics and photography. Further, results revealed low level of forensic experience with dactyloscopy.. Therefore, Police investigators, among many solutions, may consider the following to be of great help: 1-attending relevant seminars and trainings involving dactyloscopy, and 2- specifying budget allocation for lacking equipment.