Pole Points Research Articles

A principle of three pole points system of monophthong in Modern Chinese and its teaching strategies

A principle of three pole points system of monophthong in Modern Chinese and its teaching strategies

GENELLEŞTİRİLMİŞ ÜÇ BOYUTLU UZAYIN KİNEMATİĞİ

A motion in 3-dimensional generalized space defined by using a spatial curve, it is shown that, this motion is a homothetic motion. We investigate some properties of this motion and show that it has only one pole point at every instant t.

One-Parameter Homothetic Motions and Euler-Savary Formula in Generalized Complex Number Plane $${\mathbb{C}_{J}}$$ C J

In this paper, we introduce one-parameter homothetic motions in the generalized complex number plane ( $${\mathfrak{p}}$$ -complex plane) $$\mathbb{C}_{J}=\left\{x+Jy:\,\,\, x,y \in \mathbb{R},\quad J^2=\mathfrak{p},\quad \mathfrak{p} \in \{-1,0,1\} \right\} \subset \mathbb{C}_\mathfrak{p}$$ where $$\mathbb{C}_\mathfrak{p}=\{x+Jy:\,\,\, x,y \in \mathbb{R}, \quad J^2=\mathfrak{p}\}$$ such that $${-\infty < \mathfrak{p} < \infty}$$ . The velocities, accelerations and pole points of the motion are analysed. Moreover, three generalized complex number planes, of which two are moving and the other one is fixed, are considered and a canonical relative system for one-parameter planar homothetic motion in $${\mathbb{C}_{J}}$$ is defined. Euler-Savary formula, which gives the relationship between the curvatures of trajectory curves, during the one-parameter homothetic motions, is obtained with the aim of this canonical relative system.

Exact and asymptotic analysis of waves generated by sea-floor disturbances on a sloping beach

A two-dimensional problem of small amplitude waves generated by some sea-bottom disturbance is studied on a sloping beach. The exact analytical solution for the wave height is provided, and with a periodic ground motion the asymptotic analysis of the waves is shown to exist for all time even in the vicinity of the shoreline. The novelty of this work lies in solving the corresponding Fredholm integral equation of the first kind and also to provide a uniform asymptotic estimate of the wave integral in the unsteady state involving both pole and saddle points for which Van der Waerden’s method is used. Within the framework of linear irrotational theory, explicit integral solutions of waves and their asymptotic and/or numerical computations presented here aim to provide an equivalent mathematical understanding to all such wave propagation which can be modelled in two dimensions at the open sea.

EMULATING THE HUMAN TIBIOFEMORAL JOINT BY USING A FOUR-BAR LINKAGE, CONDYLAR SHAPES AND SLIP RATIO VARIATION

This study evaluates a biomechanical design concept of the tibiofemoral (TF) joint by using a four-bar linkage (FBL) mechanism on a sagittal plane in order to accurately simulate the motion of the human knee. Also included are the design objectives and parameters of both the endoand exo-prostheses of the knee, both of which derive from TF characteristics. The exo-prosthesis of the knee depends only on the femoral polode (or the moving polode (MP) linkage). On the other hand, the endo-prosthesis of the knee relies upon the TF condylar surface and the slip ratio variation, without needing to consider the femoral polode. By calculating the polodes of the FBL mechanism and by applying envelope curve applications, the proposed design concept incorporates both the endoand exo-prosthesis parameters with the multi-objective goal of recreating the full functionality of the TF joint. Those results demonstrate that the slip ratio adjusts to the TF condylar surface even if the femoral polode is unaltered, thereby determining the optimal measurement between the pole and contact point with the TF condylar surface.

Optimum Design Method of Sacrificial Layer Release Window for Aperture Cavity Type FBAR

Sacrificial layer release is the key process step of cavity structure formation of Film Bulk Acoustic Resonator (FBAR), the degree of sacrificial layer release directly determines how good or bad the resonance characteristic of FBAR is. The Constant Diffusion Coefficient (CDC) model numerical iteration of sacrificial layers etching process was simulated with MATLAB, and the etching process was also simulated with Silvaco. According to the simulation results, put forward optimum design of release window. The resonance simulations of FBAR with/without release window have been done by FEA software. The simulation results show that the aperture cavity type FBAR, i.e. the cavity type FBAR with release holes, still has distinct resonant characteristic, but the frequency of impedance zero point and impedance pole of the novel type FBAR are all drifted to higher frequency, and the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient and the quality factor are all reduced.

The Steiner Formula and the Polar Moment of Inertia for the Closed Planar Homothetic Motions in Complex Plane

The Steiner area formula and the polar moment of inertia were expressed during one-parameter closed planar homothetic motions in complex plane. The Steiner point or Steiner normal concepts were described according to whether rotation number was different from zero or equal to zero, respectively. The moving pole point was given with its components and its relation between Steiner point or Steiner normal was specified. The sagittal motion of a winch was considered as an example. This motion was described by a double hinge consisting of the fixed control panel of winch and the moving arm of winch. The results obtained in the second section of this study were applied for this motion.

Geometric Modelling of Octagonal Lamp Poles

Abstract. Lamp poles are one of the most abundant highway and community components in modern cities. Their supporting parts are primarily tapered octagonal cones specifically designed for wind resistance. The geometry and the positions of the lamp poles are important information for various applications. For example, they are important to monitoring deformation of aged lamp poles, maintaining an efficient highway GIS system, and also facilitating possible feature-based calibration of mobile LiDAR systems. In this paper, we present a novel geometric model for octagonal lamp poles. The model consists of seven parameters in which a rotation about the z-axis is included, and points are constrained by the trigonometric property of 2D octagons after applying the rotations. For the geometric fitting of the lamp pole point cloud captured by a terrestrial LiDAR, accurate initial parameter values are essential. They can be estimated by first fitting the points to a circular cone model and this is followed by some basic point cloud processing techniques. The model was verified by fitting both simulated and real data. The real data includes several lamp pole point clouds captured by: (1) Faro Focus 3D and (2) Velodyne HDL-32E. The fitting results using the proposed model are promising, and up to 2.9 mm improvement in fitting accuracy was realized for the real lamp pole point clouds compared to using the conventional circular cone model. The overall result suggests that the proposed model is appropriate and rigorous.

SG2PS (structural geology to postscript converter) – A graphical solution for brittle structural data evaluation and paleostress calculation

The aim of this work was to create an open source cross platform application to process brittle structural geological data with seven paleostress inversion algorithms published by different authors and formerly not available within a single desktop application. The tool facilitates separate processing and plotting of different localities, data types and user made groups, using the same single input file. Simplified data input is supported, requiring as small amount of data as possible. Data rotation to correct for bedding tilting, rotation with paleomagnetic declination and k-means clustering are available. RUP and ANG stress estimators calculation and visualization, resolved shear direction display and Mohr circle stress visualization are available. RGB-colored vector graphical outputs are automatically generated in Encapsulated PostScript and Portable Document Format. Stereographical displays on great circle or pole point plot, equal area or equal angle net and upper or lower hemisphere projections are implemented. Rose plots displaying dip direction or strike, with dip angle distribution of the input data set are available. This tool is ideal for preliminary data interpretation on the field (quick processing and visualization in seconds); the implemented methods can be regularly used in the daily academic and industrial work as well.The authors' goal was to create an open source and self-contained desktop application that does not require any additional third party framework (such as .NET) or the Java Virtual Machine. The software has a clear and highly modular structure enabling good code portability, easy maintainability, reusability and extensibility. A Windows installer is publicly available and the program is also fully functional on Linux. The Mac OS X port should be feasible with minimal effort. The install file with test and demo data sets, detailed manual, and links to the GitHub repositories are available on the regularly updated website www.sg2ps.eu.

A mathematical two-pole point magnetization model for evaluating the thicknesses of nonmagnetic coatings

Analytical expressions for the dependence of the measured magnetic field on the thickness of a nonmagnetic coating or gap between a transducer and magnetized plate are obtained. The magnetization values of a uniform infinite plate by point poles with the same (or different) signs are compared.

CHARACTERIZING THE DUST COMA OF COMET C/2012 S1 (ISON) AT 4.15 AU FROM THE SUN

We report results from broadband visible images of comet C/2012 S1 (ISON) obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 on 2013 April 10. C/ISON's coma brightness follows a 1/{\rho} (where {\rho} is the projected distance from the nucleus) profile out to 5000 km, consistent with a constant speed dust outflow model. The turnaround distance in the sunward direction suggests that the dust coma is composed of sub-micron-sized particles emitted at speeds of tens of meters s$^{-1}$. A({\theta})f{\rho}, which is commonly used to characterize the dust production rate, was 1340 and 1240 cm in the F606W and F438W filters, respectively, in apertures <1.6" in radius. The dust colors are slightly redder than solar, with a slope of 5.0$\pm$0.2% per 100 nm, increasing to >10% per 100 nm 10,000 km down the tail. The colors are similar to those of comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) and other long-period comets, but somewhat bluer than typical values for short-period comets. The spatial color variations are also reminiscent of C/Hale-Bopp. A sunward jet is visible in enhanced images, curving to the north and then tailward in the outer coma. The 1.6"-long jet is centered at a position angle of 291$^\circ$, with an opening angle of about 45$^\circ$. The jet morphology remains unchanged over 19 hours of our observations, suggesting that it is near the rotational pole of the nucleus, and implying that the pole points to within 30 deg of (RA, Dec) = (330$^\circ$, 0$^\circ$). This pole orientation indicates a high obliquity of 50$^\circ$-80$^\circ$.

Optimizing detection of road furniture (pole-like object) in Mobile Laser Scanner data

Abstract. Due to the road safety problem is becoming more and more serious recent years, existing road safety assessment by using automatic method is necessary. Meanwhile, since the pole-like objects have large effect on road safety and are in high demand as facilities to be managed, the automatic pole-like objects extraction is becoming a hot issue. As a result, a robust, quick and automatic pole-like object detection algorithm in MLS data is proposed in this paper. Two datasets are tested to show performance of the proposed algorithm, it demonstrates that it is feasible to detect tree with an overall accuracy of over 92% and other pole-like object of 72% in dataset A and 82% of tree points and 75% of other pole points in dataset B.

Related Parameters Analysis in Vehicle Side Pole Impact

Passenger can be caused serious injury in vehicle side pole impact. Through China In-Depth Accident study (CIDAS) ,We extract some important parameters and carry on targeted research in side pole impact accident. Accident data show that: The method with vehicle lateral strike a diameter of 200mm ~ 300mm pole in the direction of 8 ~ 11 points and in the speed of less than 40km/h is in accordance with the Chinese actual accident situation. Research results show that: The important parameters of pole diameter, impact velocity, impact angle and impact point position within the CIDAS data range, The collision velocity has large effect on body structure, the collision point position and pole diameter has very little effect.The results are helpful for us to further understand the special side impact form.

Discovery of the magnetic field in the pulsating B starβCephei

Although the star itself is not He enriched, the periodicity and the variability in the UV wind lines of the pulsating B1 IV star beta Cep are similar to what is observed in magnetic He-peculiar B stars, suggesting that beta Cep is magnetic. We searched for a magnetic field using spectropolarimetry. From UV spectroscopy, we analysed the wind variability and investigated the correlation with the magnetic data. Using 130 time-resolved circular polarisation spectra, obtained with the MuSiCoS spectropolarimeter at the 2m TBL from 1998 until 2005, we applied the least-squares deconvolution method on the Stokes V spectra and derived the longitudinal component of the integrated magnetic field over the visible hemisphere of the star. We performed a period analysis on the magnetic data and on EW measurements of UV wind lines obtained over 17 years. We also analysed the short- and long-term radial velocity variations, which are due to the pulsations and the 90-year binary motion. beta Cep hosts a sinusoidally varying magnetic field with an amplitude 97(4) G and an average value -6(3) G. From the UV wind line variability, we derive a period of 12.00075(11) days, which is the rotation period of the star, and is compatible with the observed magnetic modulation. Phases of maximum and minimum field match those of maximum emission in the UV wind lines, strongly supporting an oblique magnetic-rotator model. We discuss the magnetic behaviour as a function of pulsation behaviour and UV line variability. This paper presents the analysis of the first confirmed detection of a dipolar magnetic field in an upper main-sequence pulsating star. Maximum wind absorption originates in the magnetic equatorial plane. Maximum emission occurs when the magnetic north pole points to the Earth. Radial velocities agree with the ~90-y orbit around its Be-star binary companion.

An Enhanced Wu-Huberman Algorithm with Pole Point Selection Strategy

The Wu-Huberman clustering is a typical linear algorithm among many clustering algorithms, which illustrates data points relationship as an artificial “circuit” and then applies the Kirchhoff equations to get the voltage value on the complex circuit. However, the performance of the algorithm is crucially dependent on the selection of pole points. In this paper, we present a novel pole point selection strategy for the Wu-Huberman algorithm (named as PSWH algorithm), which aims at preserving the merit and increasing the robustness of the algorithm. The pole point selection strategy is proposed to filter the pole point by introducing sparse rate. Experiments results demonstrate that the PSWH algorithm is significantly improved in clustering accuracy and efficiency compared with the original Wu-Huberman algorithm.

A POLE AND AMC POINT MATCHING METHOD FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF HSF-UC-EBG STRUCTURE WITH SIMULTANEOUS AMC AND EBG PROPERTIES

The relationship between the re∞ection phase curve and the dispersion curve of a H-shaped slot fractal uniplanar compact electromagnetic bandgap (HSF-UC-EBG) structure is investigated in this paper. It is demonstrated numerically and theoretically that the pole (located at phi = 180 degrees) of the re∞ection phase curve is related to the EBG location of the dispersion curve. More speciflcally, the pole is always located in the bandgap and the frequency shift characteristics of the pole and the EBG location are the same. Therefore, locations of the artiflcial magnetic conductor (AMC) and EBG can match with the AMC point and the pole, respectively. By realizing and making appropriate use of this, we can tailor the AMC and EBG locations to coincide in the frequency region only by reducing the spectral distance (d) between the AMC point and the pole. This method can improve the computational e-ciency signiflcantly. Parametric studies have been performed to obtain guidelines for reducing d. Finally, an example to design HSF-UC-EBG structure with simultaneous AMC and EBG properties by using this technique is presented with detail steps.

New Methods for Interpretation of Magnetic Gradient Tensor Data

SummaryRecent technological advances suggest that we are on the threshold of a new era in applied magnetic surveys, where acquisition of magnetic gradient tensor data will become routine. In the meantime, modern ultrahigh resolution conventional magnetic data can be used, with certain important caveats, to calculate gradient tensor elements from total magnetic intensity (TMI) or TMI gradient surveys. Until the present, not a great deal of attention has been paid to processing and interpretation of gradient tensor data. New methods for inverting gradient tensor surveys to obtain source parameters have been developed for a number of elementary, but useful, models. These include point pole, line of poles, point dipole (sphere), line of dipoles (horizontal cylinder), thin and thick dipping sheets, sloping step and contact models. A key simplification is the use of eigenvalues and associated eigenvectors of the tensor. The scaled source strength, calculated from the eigenvalues, is a particularly useful rotational invariant that peaks directly over compact sources, 2D sources and contacts, independent of magnetisation direction. New algorithms for uniquely determining the location and magnetic moment of a dipole source from a few irregularly located measurements or single profiles have been developed. Besides the geological applications, these algorithms are readily applicable to the detection, location and classification (DLC) of magnetic objects, such as naval mines, UXO, shipwrecks, archaeological artefacts and buried drums. As an example, some of these new methods are applied to analysis of the magnetic signature of the Mount Leyshon gold-mineralised system, Queensland.

Surface Structure Spread Single Crystals (S4C): Preparation and characterization

A set of six spherically curved Cu single crystals referred to as Surface Structure Spread Single Crystals (S4Cs) has been prepared in such a way that their exposed surfaces collectively span all possible crystallographic surface orientations that can be cleaved from the face centered cubic Cu lattice. The method for preparing these S4Cs and for finding the high symmetry pole point is described. Optical profilometry has been used to determine the true shapes of the S4Cs and show that over the majority of the surface, the shape is extremely close to that of a perfect sphere. The local orientations of the surfaces lie within ±1° of the orientation expected on the basis of the spherical shape; their orientation is as good as that of many commercially prepared single crystals. STM imaging has been used to characterize the atomic level structure of the Cu(111)±11°-S4C. This has shown that the average step densities and the average step orientations match those expected based on the spherical shape. In other words, although there is some distribution of step–step spacing and step orientations, there is no evidence of large scale reconstruction or faceting. The Cu S4Cs have local structures based on the ideal termination of the face centered cubic Cu lattice in the direction of termination. The set of Cu S4Cs will serve as the basis for high throughput investigations of structure sensitive surface chemistry on Cu.

Discovery of a magnetic field in the early B-type starσLupi

Magnetic early B-type stars are rare. To identify them, we use the strongest indirect indicator of a magnetic field in B stars, which is periodic variability of UV stellar wind lines occurring symmetric about the approximate rest wavelength. Probable magnetic candidates are targets for follow-up spectropolarimetry to search for a magnetic field. From the UV wind line variability the B1/B2V star sigma Lupi emerged as a new magnetic candidate star. AAT spectropolarimetric measurements with SEMPOL were obtained. The longitudinal component of the magnetic field integrated over the visible surface of the star was determined with the Least-Squares Deconvolution method. The UV line variations of sigma Lupi are similar to what is known in magnetic B stars, but no periodicity could be determined. We detected a varying longitudinal magnetic field with amplitude of about 100 G with error bars of typically 20 G, which supports an oblique magnetic-rotator configuration. The EW variations of the UV lines, the magnetic and the optical-line variations are consistent with the photometric period of 3.02 d, which we identify with the rotation period of the star. Additional observations with ESPaDOnS attached to the CFHT confirmed this discovery, and allowed the determination of a precise magnetic period. Analysis revealed that sigma Lupi is a He-strong star, with an enhanced N abundance and an underabundance of C, and has a chemically spotted surface. Like in other magnetic B stars the UV wind emission appears to originate close to the magnetic equatorial plane, with maximum emission when a magnetic pole points towards the Earth. The 3.01972(43) d magnetic rotation period is consistent with the photometric period, with maximum light corresponding to maximum magnetic field.

Angle recognition algorithm based on discrete series data of object-boundary in polar coordinate

In computer vision applications on automation production lines, rotary angle of an object is often required to be calculated in the procedure of image processing. An angle recognition algorithm based on discrete array of object-boundary in polar coordinate is proposed. Firstly, calculate the object's center point and establish the polar coordinate using the object's center as the pole point. Then get the object's boundary through image processing method and discretize it according to the rule that they have the same central angles in the polar coordinate. Match the discretized array with that of the template image by step method and a rough rotary angle is obtained. Lastly, Liner interpolation method is used to get the exact solution. Practical matching experiments show that the method is simple and effective.