Poisson Function Research Articles

Climate Change Projections for Stroke Incidence in Taiwan: Impact of 2°C and 4°C Global Warming Level.

This study aimed to establish the exposure-lag-response effect between daily maximum temperature and stroke-related emergency department visits and to project heat-induced stroke impacts under global warming levels (GWL) of 2°C and 4°C. Stroke-related emergency department visits in Taiwan from 2001 to 2020 were identified using the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). The study population consisted of 1,100,074 initial stroke cases matched with 2,200,148 non-stroke controls. We employed Distributed Lag Nonlinear Models (DLNM) in a case-crossover study to investigate the association between temperature and stroke. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) models with a Poisson function were used to correlate high-temperature exposure with annual stroke incidence rates. Projections were made under two global warming scenarios, GWL 2.0°C and 4.0°C, using Coupled General Circulation Model (GCMs). Baseline data from 1995 to 2014 were transformed for spatial distribution at the township level. Geographic Information System (GIS) spatial analysis was performed using Quantum GIS 3.2.0 software. DLNM exposure-lag-response effect revealed that daily maximum temperature exceeding 34°C significantly increased the risk of stroke-related emergency department visits, particularly for ischemic stroke. Under the 2°C GWL scenario, the frequency of days with temperatures surpassing 34°C is projected to rise substantially by the median year of 2042, with a further increase to 92.6 ± 18.0 days/year by 2065 under the 4°C GWL scenario. Ischemic stroke showed the highest increase in temperature-related incidence rates, notably rising from 7.80% under the GWL 2°C to 36.06% under the GWL 4°C. Specifically, the annual temperature-related incidence rate for ischemic stroke is expected to increase significantly by 2065. Regions such as Taichung, Hsinchu, Yilan, and Taitung demonstrated pronounced changes in heat-related ischemic stroke incidence under the GWL 4°C. The findings emphasize the importance of addressing temperature-related stroke risks, particularly in regions projected to experience significant temperature increases. Effective mitigation strategies are crucial to reduce the impact of rising temperatures on stroke incidence and safeguard public health.

Poisson function and volume ratio of soft anisotropic materials under large deformations

Accurate transverse deformation measurements are required for the estimation of the Poisson function and volume ratio. In this study, pure silicone and soft composite specimens were subjected to uniaxial tension, and the digital image correlation method was used to measure longitudinal and in- and out-of-plane transverse stretches. To minimize the effects of measurement errors on parameter estimation, the measured transverse stretches were defined in terms of the longitudinal stretch using a new formulation based on Poisson's ratios and two stretch-dependent parameters. From this formulation, Poisson functions and volume ratio for soft materials under large deformations were obtained. The results showed that pure silicone can be considered isotropic and nearly incompressible under large deformations, as expected. In contrast, Poisson's ratio of silicone reinforced with extensible fabric can exceed classical bounds, including negative value (auxetic behavior). The incompressibility assumption can be employed for describing the stress-stretch curve of pure silicone, while volume ratios are required for soft composites. Data of human skin, aortic wall, and annulus fibrosus from the literature were selected and analyzed. Except for the aortic wall, which can be considered nearly incompressible, the studied soft tissues must be regarded as compressible. All tissues presented anisotropic behavior.

Effect of Individual Patient Characteristics and Treatment Choices on Reliever Medication Use in Moderate-Severe Asthma: A Poisson Analysis of Randomised Clinical Trials.

Even though increased use of reliever medication, including short-acting beta agonists (SABA), provides an indirect measure of symptom worsening, there have been limited efforts to assess how different patterns of reliever use correlate with symptom control and future risk of exacerbations. Here, we evaluate the effect of individual baseline characteristics on reliever use in patients with moderate-severe asthma on regular maintenance therapy with fluticasone propionate (FP) or combination therapy with fluticasone propionate/salmeterol (FP/SAL) or budesonide/formoterol (BUD/FOR). A drug-disease model describing the number of 24-h puffs and overnight occasions was developed with data from five clinical studies (N = 6212). The model was implemented using a nonlinear mixed effects approach and a Poisson function, considering clinical and demographic baseline characteristics. Goodness of fit and model predictive performance were assessed. Heatmaps were created to summarise the effect of concurrent baseline factors on reliever utilisation. The final model accurately described individual patterns of reliever use, which is significantly increased with time since diagnosis, smoking, higher Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ-5) score and higher body mass index (BMI) at baseline. Whilst the number of puffs decreases slowly after an initial drop relative to the start of treatment, exacerbating patients utilise significantly more reliever than those who do not exacerbate. The mean effect of FP/SAL (median dose: 250/50μg BID) on reliever use was slightly higher than that of BUD/FOR (median dose: 160/4.5μg BID), i.e. a 75.3% vs 69.3% reduction in reliever use, respectively. The availability of individual-level patient data in conjunction with a parametric approach enabled the characterisation of interindividual differences in the patterns of reliever use in patients with moderate-severe asthma. Taken together, individual demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as exacerbation history, can be considered an indicator of the degree of asthma control. High SABA reliever use suggests suboptimal clinical management of patients on maintenance therapy.

Soil organic carbon and nitrogen sequestration following grazing exclusion on the Loess Plateau, China

Enhancement of soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) storage in degraded ecosystems is of great significance for improving soil quality and mitigating climate change. Grazing exclusion is an effective management practice to restore degraded ecosystems in drylands. However, the spatio-temporal dynamics and regulating factors of SOC and N sequestration in degraded ecosystems following grazing exclusion has not been clearly explored. Using synthesized data from 38 peer-reviewed publications, we investigated the rates of SOC (RSOC) and soil total N (RN) stock changes and their controlling factors following grazing exclusion in the Loess Plateau of China. Grazing exclusion significantly increased SOC and total N stock in most sites. The average RSOC was 0.57, 0.64 and 0.7 Mg ha–1yr−1 and the average RN was 0.033, 0.031 and 0.036 Mg ha–1yr−1 at 0–20, 20–40 and 40–60 cm soil depths, respectively. RSOC showed a Poisson function relation with the duration of grazing exclusion. RSOC and RN did not significantly change with mean annual precipitation, but they were negatively correlated with mean annual temperature at 0–20 cm. RSOC at each soil depth was positively correlated with altitude. The strong coupling relationship between RSOC and RN resulted in no significant change in the ratio of SOC to total N between grazing exclusion and grazing sites over time. The results show that altitude, age of GE and initial SOC and N contents rather than precipitation controls these processes in the Loess Plateau. Grazing exclusion promotes SOC and N sequestrations more than 30 years in the degraded lands of the Loess Plateau. The inherent increase of soil N would be beneficial to soil carbon sequestration during the recovery process.

Environment pollutants exposure affects the endogenous activation of within-host Mycobacterium tuberculosis

ObjectiveEpidemiological studies have linked ambient pollutants with tuberculosis (TB) risk, but the association has not been fully understood. Here, for the first time, we applied whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to assess the reproductive state of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) by profiling the mutation rate of MTB (MTBMR) during within-host endogenous reactivated progression, intending to dissect the actual effects of ambient pollutants on the endogenous reactivation. MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study on bacteriologically confirmed TB patients and followed them for relapse in Jiangsu and Sichuan Province, China. Endogenous and exogenous activation were distinguished by WGS of the pathogen. The average concentration of air pollution was estimated by considering a lag of 0–1 to 0–12 months. We applied a generalized additive model with a Poisson function to evaluate the relationships between ambient pollutants exposure and MTBMR. ResultsIn the single-pollutant adjusted models, the maximum effect for PM10 (MTBMR increase: 81.87%, 95% CI: 38.38, 139.03) and PM2.5 (MTBMR increase: 73.91%, 95% CI: 22.17, 147.55) was observed at a lag of 0–12 months for every 10 μg/m³ increase. For SO2, the maximum effect was observed at lag 0–8 months, with MTBMR increasing by 128.06% (95% CI: 45.92, 256.44); and for NO2, the maximum effect was observed at lag 0–9 months, with MTBMR increasing by 124.02% (95% CI: 34.5, 273.14). In contrast, the O3 concentration was inversely associated with MTBMR, and the maximum reduction of MTBMR was 6.18% (95% CI: −9.24, −3.02) at a lag of 0–9 months. Similar results were observed for multi-pollutant models. ConclusionsIncreased exposure to ambient pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, SO2, and NO2) contributed to a faster MTBMR, indicating that MTB exhibits increased reproductive activity, thus accelerating within-host endogenous reactivation. O3 exposure could decrease the MTBMR, suggesting that MTB exerts low reproductive activity by inhibiting within-host endogenous activation.

Modified pressure and vorticity variables using Helmholtz decomposition for solution of the incompressible flow equations

Incompressible Navier–Stokes equations are reformulated using the Helmholtz decomposition of a velocity vector into rotational and potential components. By substituting the decomposed velocity in the time derivative term in a momentum equation, the potential component representing a gradient of a pressure-like term is combined with the gradient of the pressure modifying the physical pressure field. The rotational component representing a curl of a vortex-like vector is combined with the vorticity vector, making a non-physical vorticity vector that modifies the fluid viscosity. Thus, the unsteady Navier–Stokes equation is transformed into an explicitly steady-state form in terms of non-primitive variables. The stream function vector is governed by a parabolic equation in time, while the vorticity vector is governed by the Poisson function with a source term function of the convection stretching and time dependency of the physical flow vorticity. Therefore, the resulting system of equations is numerically independent of the cell Reynolds number stability condition that hunted the convection–diffusion Navier–Stokes equation. Numerical results are obtained for the two-dimensional driven cavity problem for Reynolds number of 1000 with 21 × 21, 41 × 41, 81 × 81, and 161 × 161 grid points. The computational grids correspond to cell Reynolds numbers 25, 12.5, 6.25, and 3.125, respectively. The computed results are smooth in all cases and validate the method.

Prediction of 2D group-11 chalcogenides: insights into novel auxetic M2X (M = Cu, Ag, Au; X = S, Se, Te) monolayers.

Two-dimensional (2D) auxetic materials have recently attracted considerable research interest due to their excellent mechanical properties and diverse applications, surpassing those of three-dimensional (3D) materials. This study focuses on the theoretical prediction of mechanical properties and auxeticity in 2D M2X (M = Cu, Ag, Au; X = S, Se, Te) monolayers using first-principles calculations. Our results indicate that the dynamically stable monolayers include low-energy α-Cu2S, α-Cu2Se, α-Cu2Te, β-Ag2S, β-Ag2Se, α-Ag2Te, β-Au2S, β-Au2Se and α-Au2Te. These M2X monolayers possess positive Poisson's ratios (PR) ranging from 0.09 to 0.52, as well as Young's moduli ranging from 19.92 to 35.42 N m-1 in x and y directions. Specially, α-Cu2S exhibits the lowest negative PR in θ = 45° × n (n = 1, 2, 3, 4) directions. The Poisson's function (PF) can be adjusted by increasing tensile strains. The β-phase monolayers exhibit positive PF with a linear change. Interestingly, the transition from positive to negative PF occurs in the α-Cu2S and α-Ag2Te monolayers at strains greater than +3% and +4%, respectively, while the α-Cu2Se, α-Cu2Te and α-Au2Te monolayers maintain positive PF within the range of 0% to +6% strains. Furthermore, taking α-Cu2S (α-Cu2Te) as an example, the mechanism underlying negative (positive) PF is demonstrated to involve increased (decreased) bond angles, decreased thickness, and weakened (enhanced) d(M)-p(X) orbital coupling. The findings of this study not only enrich the family of 2D group-11 chalcogenides but also provide insights into their mechanical properties, thereby expanding their potential applications in mechanics.

Designing Bayesian Two-Sided Group Chain Sampling Plan for Gamma Prior Distribution

Acceptance sampling is used to decide either the whole lot will be accepted or rejected, based on inspection of randomly sampled items from the same lot. As an alternative to traditional sampling plans, it is possible to use Bayesian approaches using previous knowledge on process variation. This study presents a Bayesian two-sided group chain sampling plan (BTSGChSP) by using various combinations of design parameters. In BTSGChSP, inspection is based on preceding as well as succeeding lots. Poisson function is used to derive the probability of lot acceptance based on defective and non-defective products. Gamma distribution is considered as a suitable prior for Poisson distribution. Four quality regions are found, namely: (i) quality decision region (QDR), (ii) probabilistic quality region (PQR), (iii) limiting quality region (LQR) and (iv) indifference quality region (IQR). Producer’s risk and consumer’s risk are considered to estimate the quality regions, where acceptable quality level (AQL) is associated with producer’s risk and limiting quality level (LQL) is associated with consumer’s risk. Moreover, AQL and LQL are used in the selection of design parameters for BTSGChSP. The values based on all possible combinations of design parameters for BTSGChSP are presented and inflection points’ values are found. The finding exposes that BTSGChSP is a better substitute for the existing plan for industrial practitioners.

Semiconducting SWCNT Photo Detector for High Speed Switching Through Single Halo Doping

The method opted for accuracy, and no existing studies are based on this method. A design and characteristic survey of a new small band gap semiconducting Single Wall Carbon Nano Tube (SWCNT) Field Effect Transistor as a photodetector is carried out. In the proposed device, better performance is achieved by increasing the diameter and introducing a new single halo (SH) doping in the channel length of the CNTFET device. This paper is a study and analysis of the performance of a Carbon Nano Tube Field Effect Transistor (CNTFET) as a photodetector using the self-consistent Poisson and Green function method. The 2D self-consistent Poisson and Green’s function method for various optical intensities and wavelength simulate this proposed photodetector. The performance study is based on the simulation of drain current, transconductance, sub-threshold swing, cut-off frequency, gain, directivity, and quantum efficiency under dark and illuminated conditions. These quantum simulation results show that cut-off frequency increases while there is an increase in diameter. The proposed SH-CNTFET provides better performance in terms of higher gain and directivity than conventional CNTFET (C-CNTFET). This device will be helpful in optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEIC) receivers due to its superior performance.

Global behaviour of a class of discrete epidemiological SI models with constant recruitment of susceptibles

Motivated by the recent paper [M.R.S. Kulenović, M. Nurkanović, and A.A. Yakubu, Asymptotic behaviour of a discrete-time density-dependent SI epidemic model with constant recruitment, J. Appl. Math. Comput. 67 (2021), pp. 733–753. DOI:10.1007/s12190-021-01503-2], in this paper, we consider the class of the SI epidemic models with recruitment where the Poisson function, a decreasing exponential function of the population of infectious individuals, is replaced by a general probability function that satisfies certain conditions. We compute the basic reproduction number We establish the global asymptotic stability of the disease-free equilibrium (GAS) for We use the Lyapunov function method developed in [P. van den Driessche and A.-A. Yakubu, Disease extinction versus persistence in discrete-time epidemic models, Bull. Math. Biol. 81 (2019), pp. 4412–4446], to demonstrate the GAS of the disease-free equilibrium and uniform persistence of the considered class of models. We show that the considered type of model is permanent for . For the transcritical bifurcation appears. For we prove the global attractivity result for endemic equilibrium and instability of the disease-free equilibrium. We apply theoretical results to specific escape functions of the susceptibles from infectious individuals. For each case, we compute the basic reproduction number .

Propensity Score Weighting and Trimming Strategies for Reducing Variance and Bias of Treatment Effect Estimates: A Simulation Study.

To extend previous simulations on the performance of propensity score (PS) weighting and trimming methods to settings without and with unmeasured confounding, Poisson outcomes, and various strengths of treatment prediction (PS c statistic), we simulated studies with a binary intended treatment T as a function of 4 measured covariates. We mimicked treatment withheld and last-resort treatment by adding 2 "unmeasured" dichotomous factors that directed treatment to change for some patients in both tails of the PS distribution. The number of outcomes Y was simulated as a Poisson function of T and confounders. We estimated the PS as a function of measured covariates and trimmed the tails of the PS distribution using 3 strategies ("Crump," "Stürmer," and "Walker"). After trimming and reestimation, we used alternative PS weights to estimate the treatment effect (rate ratio): inverse probability of treatment weighting, standardized mortality ratio (SMR)-treated, SMR-untreated, the average treatment effect in the overlap population (ATO), matching, and entropy. With no unmeasured confounding, the ATO (123%) and "Crump" trimming (112%) improved relative efficiency compared with untrimmed inverse probability of treatment weighting. With unmeasured confounding, untrimmed estimates were biased irrespective of weighting method, and only Stürmer and Walker trimming consistently reduced bias. In settings where unmeasured confounding (e.g., frailty) may lead physicians to withhold treatment, Stürmer and Walker trimming should be considered before primary analysis.

A novel approach for conditional measurement of droplet size distribution within droplet clusters in sprays

A novel method for conditional measurement of droplet size distribution within droplet clusters in sprays is reported in this paper. The salient feature of this approach is the application of Voronoi analysis to droplets measured by the ILIDS technique, which is capable of providing planar measurement of size of individual droplets in a spray. The principle of the present technique is based on calculation of Voronoi tessellations around the droplets identified in the ILIDS image processing. Comparison of the distribution of areas of the Voronoi cells with that from a random distribution of droplets described by a Poisson function facilitates classification of the Voronoi cells as clusters or voids. Thus, individual clusters of droplets and void areas are recognized by identifying the interconnected cells. Since the sizes of individual droplets are known, conditional measurement of droplet size distribution within clusters and voids is possible. Since droplet images are always defocused in the ILIDS technique, correct identification of droplet centers is important, which is described in the paper. It is shown that in spite of the low validation ratio in the ILIDS image processing, the results on the cluster and void characterization agree well with those by Voronoi analysis of PIV images. The novel method is demonstrated for an air-assist spray where ILIDS measurements are obtained far downstream of the injector exit. Interestingly, the characteristic droplet size within droplet clusters is found to be smaller than that in voids, indicating size-based preferential segregation of droplets due to clustering in sprays.

Strain Rate Dependent Compressive Response of Open Cell Polyurethane Foam

Polymeric foams are used for impact protection due to their ability to absorb large amounts of strain energy. In this work, the compressive response of an open cell polyurethane foam currently used as liner in the advanced combat helmet is examined across strain rates. A traditional load frame is used to investigate the quasi-static behavior, and two different modifications of a conventional Kolsky (split-Hopkinson) bar configuration are used to probe the dynamic response. A unique, independent method not relying on strain gage signals is presented that leverages high-speed full-field imaging to track the velocity on each side of the sample-bar interface and used to extract the dynamic stress-strain response; the results are compared against traditional strain gage measurements. X-ray tomography is used to examine the global morphological characteristics of the foam. The foam is found to be strongly rate dependent, where the characteristic properties vary logarithmically with strain rate. An analytical expression is presented to describe the rate dependency that collapses all stress-strain curves on a master curve. Full-field kinematic data from digital image correlation taken during loading is used to extract a nonlinear Poisson’s ratio as a function of strain, which is found to be strain rate insensitive. A tangent Poisson function is used to explore the foam’s auxetic behavior. These findings provide insight on physically-based constitutive modeling of foams, crucial to predictive brain injury simulations, as well as motivate the need to probe local heterogenous behavior across strain rates moving forward.

Deciphering deterministic factors of predation pressures in deep time

Predation pressure occurs as a result of predation frequency and prey vulnerability. Although quantifying these factors individually is essential to precisely understand predation effects on evolution, they have been generally less accessible. Here, using a modified form of Poisson function, we quantified the frequencies and vulnerabilities, as well as the resulting predation pressures, concerning the shell drillers versus prey interactions from the Eocene and Miocene periods. Our analysis quantitatively revealed that low-spired shells tend to show increased vulnerability except for two planispiral species that exhibit an unexpectedly low vulnerability. We then identified septal structures within the two species that resemble those in nautiloids and ammonoids but which provided a defensive role against the predators, enhancing the mean lifetime by approximately 20%. The current approach enables us to quantitatively trace how predation frequency and prey vulnerability have interacted, been transformed spatio-temporally, and been a driving force of evolution at geological time scales.

Evaluation of heat wave forecasts seamlessly across subseasonal timescales

We develop an extreme heat validation approach for medium-range forecast models and apply it to the NCEP coupled forecast model, for which we also attempt to diagnose sources of poor forecast skill. A weighting strategy based on the Poisson function is developed to provide a seamless transition from short-term day-by-day weather forecasts to expanding time means across subseasonal timescales. The skill of heat wave forecasts over the conterminous United States is found to be rather insensitive to the choice of skill metric; however, forecast skill does display spatial patterns that vary depending on whether daily mean, minimum, or maximum temperatures are the basis of the heat wave metric. The NCEP model fails to persist heat waves as readily as is observed. This inconsistency worsens with longer forecast lead times. Land–atmosphere feedbacks appear to be a stronger factor for heat wave maintenance at southern latitudes, but the NCEP model seems to misrepresent those feedbacks, particularly over the Southwest United States, leading to poor skill in that region. The NCEP model also has unrealistically weak coupling over agricultural areas of the northern United States, but this does not seem to degrade model skill there. Overall, we find that the Poisson weighting strategy combined with a variety of deterministic and probabilistic skill metrics provides a versatile framework for validation of dynamical model heat wave forecasts at subseasonal timescales.

Niche Modeling of Dengue Fever Using Remotely Sensed Environmental Factors and BRT

Niche Modeling of Dengue Fever Using Remotely Sensed Environmental Factors and BRT

Climate variability and dengue hemorrhagic fever in Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia.

To determine the association of climatic factors and dengue hemorrhagic fever and to develop the prediction approach of future dengue transmission. The study used totally monthly dengue hemorrhagic fever cases at Health Office Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Monthly meteorological data, consisting of temperature, rainfall, and humidity, was obtained from the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency in Kendari district. All data analysis, including Spearman and Poisson distribution, was carried out in R Studio (version 3.3.2) utilizing the R statistical language version 2.15. The highest rate of dengue hemorrhagic fever cases was found in January, February, and March. Temperature averages at lag 2 (p= 0.53, p< 0.0001), lag 3 (p= 0.59, p< 0.0001), and lag 4 (p= 0.41, p< 0.01)) correlated with the incident rate of DHF. The average temperature at lag 2 was found to have a positive impact on the incidence of DHF by Poisson function. This study provides preliminary evidence of the influence of climatic factors on dengue transmission.

How to characterize a nonlinear elastic material? A review on nonlinear constitutive parameters in isotropic finite elasticity.

The mechanical response of a homogeneous isotropic linearly elastic material can be fully characterized by two physical constants, the Young’s modulus and the Poisson’s ratio, which can be derived by simple tensile experiments. Any other linear elastic parameter can be obtained from these two constants. By contrast, the physical responses of nonlinear elastic materials are generally described by parameters which are scalar functions of the deformation, and their particular choice is not always clear. Here, we review in a unified theoretical framework several nonlinear constitutive parameters, including the stretch modulus, the shear modulus and the Poisson function, that are defined for homogeneous isotropic hyperelastic materials and are measurable under axial or shear experimental tests. These parameters represent changes in the material properties as the deformation progresses, and can be identified with their linear equivalent when the deformations are small. Universal relations between certain of these parameters are further established, and then used to quantify nonlinear elastic responses in several hyperelastic models for rubber, soft tissue and foams. The general parameters identified here can also be viewed as a flexible basis for coupling elastic responses in multi-scale processes, where an open challenge is the transfer of meaningful information between scales.

Studying the marine accidents of the Aegean Sea: critical review, analysis and results

ABSTRACTThis paper aims at discovering characteristics, aspects and statistical patterns of recorded maritime accidents within specific zones of the Aegean Sea. A focused database with 10 years’ accidents data has been studied on the special characteristics of the ships that had been involved. Based on this database, the paper presents results derived by statistical analysis that are able to provide valuable information about the accidents under examination in terms of type, size and other parameters of the involved ships. Two models are developed and implemented to establish a risk perspective view of maritime transport within the Aegean Sea; a stochastic Poisson function is used to determine the probability of accident occurrence for each one of the three sea zones of study. Next, a fault-like approach is explored as the basis for an alternative way of studying marine safety; in this context, a seismic-driven model is applied for the calculation of the probability of accident occurrence. To do so, the concept of energy release is used so as to develop a novel modelling approach for maritime accidents. Both models present in a systematic way the hazardous profile of maritime transport in the Aegean. The paper concludes with valuable insights.

Impact Testing of Polymer‐filled Auxetics Using Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar

In this paper, impact testing of auxetic structures filled with strain rate sensitive material is presented. Two dimensional missing rib, 2D re‐entrant honeycomb, and 3D re‐entrant honeycomb lattices are investigated. Structures are divided into three groups according to type of filling: no filling, low expansion polyurethane foam, and ordnance gelatine. Samples from each group are tested under quasi‐static loading and dynamic compression using Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar. Digital image correlation is used for assessment of in‐plane displacement and strain fields. Ratios between quasi‐static and dynamic results for plateau stresses and specific energy absorption in the plateau are calculated. It is found out that not only the manufactured structures, but also the wrought material exhibit strain rate dependent properties. Evaluation of influence of filling on mechanical properties shows that polyurethane increases specific absorbed energy by a factor of 1.05–1.4, whereas the effect of gelatine leads to increase of only 5–10%. Analysis of the Poisson's function reveals influence of filling on achievable (negative) values of Poisson's ratio, when compared to unfilled specimens. The results for the Poisson's function yielded apparently different values as the assessed minima of quasi‐static Poisson's ratio in small deformations are constrained by a factor of 15.