Point Of Sale Research Articles

A COMMISSION-BASED BUSINESS MODEL FOR B2B VENDING-MACHINE BUSINESSES: THE LEAST COMMON DENOMINATOR OF THE TAXATION SYSTEMS IN JAPAN, UKRAINE, AND THE USA

The war devastated many aspects of life in Ukraine. The digital economy does not function without the proper working physical infrastructure, and vice versa. The world has two prominent economies that continually and successfully overcome massive-scale destruction of their civil infrastructure due to recurring natural disasters, namely Japan and the the USA. The short-term and long-term fiscal measures enacted by the government of Ukraine are similar to the ones undertaken by the governments of Japan and the USA. The short-term measures to overcome destruction due to the war, the recurring hurricanes, and the multitude of natural disasters, are comparable in all three countries and are based on short-term fiscal easing. The long-term measures relative to the topic seem to be absent in the USA. However, the long-term measures in Japan and Ukraine coincide directly and consist in the introduction of a special tax to aid recovery and increase robustness of the economy in the face of recurring threats, the military and natural respectively. The biggest difference between the tax laws of Ukraine, Japan, and the USA is the existence of a simplified taxation system in Ukraine. The price to pay for the use of this system is to bear two basic limitations: the requirement to have all operations to be made cash-only and the inability to claim amortization, depreciation, and deductions for tax purposes. However, during drastic economic downturns, the inability to claim losses and offset accounts on books is a heavy burden. The ability to claim losses due to destruction seems to be the main specific mechanism for the administration of fiscal help at times of disasters in Japan and the USA. For these reasons, the general taxation system may be considered a preferable choice during the war. This could allow a business entity to run with little but sufficient margins and remain within the legal field. Any existing vending business can be enhanced with the use of the business-to-business commission agreements proposed here, and that work as follows: the commissioner is providing the client one cell in a vending machine for rent, and the client sells its goods through that cell. In other words, the commissioner takes the duty to sell goods that belong to the client. This way, the B2B vending-machine business receives a guaranteed income that is comparable to the number of such commission-based vending points out of the entire number of its sales points. Besides that, the company frees a part of its liquidity that can be spent on other needs. From the perspective of the client, the agreement gives the ability to have a vending-machine business for only a fraction of the usual expenses. This means that almost any person in Ukraine may have the financial means to start such a business.

SODRet: Instance retrieval using salient object detection for self-service shopping

Self-service shopping technologies have become commonplace in modern society. Although various innovative solutions have been adopted, there is still a gap in providing efficient services to consumers. Recent developments in mobile application technologies and internet-of-things devices promote information and knowledge dissemination by integrating innovative services to meet users’ needs. We argue that object retrieval applications can be used to provide effective online or self-service shopping. Therefore, to fill this technological void, this study aims to propose an object retrieval system using a fusion-based salient object detection (SOD) method. The SOD has attracted significant attention, and recently many heuristic computational models have been developed for object detection. It has been widely used in object detection and retrieval applications. This work proposes an instance retrieval system based on the SOD to find the objects from the commodity datasets. A prediction about the object’s position is made using the saliency detection system through a saliency model, and the proposed SOD-based retrieval (SODRet) framework uses saliency maps for retrieving the searched items. The method proposed in this work is evaluated on INSTRE and Flickr32 datasets. Our proposed work outperforms state-of-the-art object retrieval methods and can further be employed for large-scale self-service shopping-based points of sales.

Uso, acceso y aceptación del efectivo en España: un análisis a partir del «Estudio sobre hábitos en el uso del efectivo» de 2023

Rationale The Study on Cash Use Habits compiles valuable information on means of payment. This data can be used to assess the relevance of cash as a payment method and the prospects for its use going forward. Takeaways •In 2023, 65% of the Spanish population used cash on a daily basis, while 60% said it remained their main means of payment at physical points of sale (POS). •Cash remains widely used in Spain, with its demand shaped by various factors: the availability of non-cash alternatives, user preferences, ease of access and level of acceptance. •Looking ahead, consumer expectations indicate a moderate shift in payment habits towards digital methods.

The Effect of Online Banking on Ethiopia's Commercial Banks' Bottom Lines

Purpose: Examining how electronic banking affects the bottom lines of Ethiopia's commercial banks was the primary motivation for this research. The study's overarching goal is to analyse the effect on commercial banking in Ethiopia of a number of variables including ATM usage, debit card acceptance at points of sale, mobile and internet banking, bank size, and management effectiveness.
 Methodology: Over the course of 2018–2022, this study focused on nine commercial banks as its primary unit of analysis. These nine commercial banks were chosen with care since they provided complete data and information during the study period. In our investigation, we used a special type of data called panel data. Separate electronic banking services such as ATMs, mobile banking, point of sale (POS), debit cards (DC), and internet banking (IB), as well as bank size and managerial efficiency, serve as supplementary controls in this investigation. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to help the study reach its goal. Mean, variance, and standard deviation are some of the central tendency measures that have been used in the study's descriptive analysis. Static panel data models were used for the econometric analysis in this work. These included the pooled ordinary least squares (POLS), fixed effect, and random effect models.
 Results: Commercial banks' performance, as measured by return on asset (ROA), is negatively impacted by the logarithm of mobile banking and management efficiency, according to the fixed effect model. ROA is positively and significantly impacted by bank size and the logarithmic prevalence of internet banking. For this reason, commercial banks could benefit from revaluating certain of their electronic banking offerings, especially mobile banking.

“Strategic framing” as a modern marketing tool for book publishing management

Aim. To study the book market as one of the most specific branch markets where scaling is impossible and the only way to compete is to escape from it, and on the basis of the analysis to give an assessment of the competitive environment of independent bookstores in St. Petersburg.Objectives. To define the methodology of competitive environment analysis; to characterize the market of independent bookstores in St. Petersburg; to analyze the competitive environment of the most significant independent bookstores.Methods. The authors used general scientific methods: deduction, analysis and synthesis, logical analysis, methods of marketing research.Results. The strategic framing provides an opportunity to most fully assess the potential not only of a particular enterprise, but also of the industry as a whole. It allows you to assess the similarity and difference of your strategy in comparison with the strategies of competitors. All competitive niches are used by stores to a greater or lesser extent, which means that a new point of sale, in case of entering such a market, should offer innovation of value, and at least at the level of overlap with the practices of other industries.Conclusions. We have analyzed a segment of the book market - the market of independent bookstores. The stores were divided into competing groups, and their competitive advantages were evaluated using the so-called strategic framework method, which allowed us to determine that the modern market segment has exhausted the potential of the main value innovations proposed at the initial formation. On the one hand, this means increased competition and the need for old players to offer better service, on the other hand - the need for new players to create new values for the consumer.

Analyzing Grocery Items Inventory and Managing Stock

Analyzing Grocery items inventory and managing stock is a software application designed to help grocery stores manage their sales processes and inventory. The system typically includes features such as inventory management, point of sale (POS) functionality, and reporting. With a Grocery Items, grocery stores can keep track of their inventory levels, manage their sales transactions, and generate reports on sales and inventory data. This can help grocery stores improve their operations, reduce waste, and provide better customer service. The system works by integrating with the store's POS system, allowing sales data to be automatically recorded and tracked. The system can also be used to manage inventory levels, track product expiration dates, and generate reports on sales and inventory data. Overall, a Grocery items inventory and managing stock can be a valuable tool for grocery stores looking to optimize their operations and improve their bottom line. The goal of the database design for the grocery management system is to facilitate the automated processing of products purchased, billing, and purchases made, as well as to maintain and safeguard sales records. Both the owner and the employee find it easier to control and manage the company's transactions with its support. You won't have to spend as much time manually entering every detail of the customer's and company's transaction. All of the company's data and information is processed and stored by my system. Java and its link to PHP/My Admin are the building blocks of this system. Everything from customers and employees to products and sales figures as well as payment details will be saved in the system's database. The user can keep track of the sale or item that the customer is reserving with my basic silver cross grocery management system. Only authorised users with the staff administrator role can access the Cashier system.

Dynamics of Digitalisation and its Implications on the Nigerian Financial System Performance

This paper examines the impact of digitalisation on the performance of Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. Using the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) method, the results revealed that Web pay, and the Nigeria Inter-Bank Settlement System (NIBSS), Instant Payment (NIP) transactions, have a significant and positive impact on the Capital Adequacy Ratio expressed as a percentage of risk-weighted credit of banks’ exposure. However, Point of Sale (PoS) and Web payments (Web pay) transactions showed a positive, but insignificant impact on the Liquidity Ratio of banks for the period, indicating that both are sources of liquidity in the financial system, but not significant. Also, NIP showed a positive, but not significant impact on the Asset Quality of banks. Further, an insignificant negative effect of PoS transactions and NIP on the profitability of banks in Nigeria was also established. Importantly, mobile payment transactions exerted a positive, significant impact on banks’ profitability during the study period. These findings presuppose those technological innovations in the banking sector of Nigeria’s economy are key to the profitability of banks. Therefore, DMBs in Nigeria should continue to leverage technological innovations, using the various digital banking channels, especially, Web pay, NIP, and mobile payments to boost their performance.

SCALE UP UMKM THROUGH DIGITALIZATION, FINANCIAL LITERACY AND BUILDING AN INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM AT SORCHA LAUNDRY

Sorcha laundry is an MSME in Bandung City that was established in 2021. Sorcha laundry is determined to become a laundry retail that serves all types of customer laundry, ranging from kilo items, premium units, bed covers, linens, baby strollers, shoes, bags, to carpet washing services. The problem faced by Sorcha laundry is that it wants to develop its business by opening many branches in Indonesia, does not understand the importance of branding, does not have good financial literacy, is less adaptive to digitalization, bookkeeping is still manual, does not have a standard system so it is difficult to develop its business. Then the solution to solve the problem is: 1). Build branding with a good build design outlet, Co Branding with Key Opinion Leader/ influencer. 2). Financial literacy training and applying cashless payment / Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS). 3). Training on digitizing and applying online orders through ads on Instagram and Google ads. 4). Accounting training and using Point Of Sales (POS) System. 5). Create Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) & create Command Center to monitor stores remotely using CCTV IP Address technology that can be monitored realtime.

An integrated Optimization Model of Product Mix, Assortment Packing, and Distribution in A Fashion Footwear Company

Recognizing the paramount importance of operational effectiveness and resource management in supply chain management (SCM) of the fashion industry, this study addresses a specific challenge faced by a prominent Indonesian fashion footwear company. The inefficiency is due to repetitive sorting and packaging processes during product distribution, which significantly impact optimal production mixes and product distribution from the distribution center to the point of sale. A crucial aspect is also the optimization of the delivery route. To address these challenges and minimize the total cost of ownership, the study proposes an integrated optimization model. This model simultaneously determines the optimal production quantity, assortment packaging, and distribution channels, taking into account decision variables related to distribution in configuration boxes, overload and underload products, as well as production numbers that respond to store-specific demand fluctuations. A notable contribution of this research is the integration of product mix decisions into the assortment packaging and distribution model, which represents a novel approach. The optimal solution determined using the LINGO 18.0 software highlights the significant influence of product penalty costs and product demand parameters on the objective function, while shipping costs have no noticeable influence. By emphasizing the integration of product mix decisions into the optimization framework, this research contributes significantly to improving the understanding and practical application of efficient supply chain management in the fashion industry.

Safeguarding Transactional Data: A Comprehensive Investigation of VPN Integration in Point-of-Sale Systems for Enhanced Security and Connectivity

The integration of Virtual Private Network (VPN) technology into Point-of-Sale (POS) systems has emerged as a solution for securing transactional data in businesses. This study investigates the implementation of a VPN server to address security and connectivity challenges faced by the University of St. La Salle (USLS) Bookstore. The research delves into VPN policy frameworks, assessing the scope and binding, authentication methods, and VPN credentials and security protocols. The system design employs a combination of conceptual models and activity diagrams to illustrate the process of user authentication and data encryption. Furthermore, the study evaluates the system's performance in terms of scalability, efficiency, and effectiveness in ensuring authentication and security. The deployment of the VPN infrastructure involves the installation of requisite software and hardware components, along with rigorous testing procedures to assess system performance and reliability. The findings highlight the significance of VPN in safeguarding sensitive transaction data and enhancing the efficiency of POS operations. The study's outcomes offer valuable insights into the effective implementation and management of VPN technology for securing business operations.

Evaluation of the reduction of tomato (solanum lycopersicum) losses through the adaptation of a packaging system in the transport logistics process

In order to evaluate the reduction of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) losses from the adaptation of the traditional container for its transport, a diagnosis was made in which all the characteristics and variables to be taken into account in the harvest and post-harvest processes of the fruit were observed, in order to identify factors that could affect the losses of this foodstuff. Taking into account the previous phase, the possible materials for the adaptations to the traditional container were evaluated, which consisted of the lining of the internal walls of the container. These materials were fique sacking (CA1) and injected polyethylene (CA2). The baskets with adaptations were placed in the customary transport for transportation to the point of sale, taking a total of 20 kg for physiological and physicochemical characterization, for subsequent statistical analysis using R Studio software. The results indicate that weight loss is one of the characteristics most influenced according to the adjustments made. In addition, a significant difference was observed between the units in the container with injected polyethylene adaptation (CA2) in factors such as citric acid percentage, maturity index and mechanical damage in comparison with the other containers studied. It is concluded that the implementation of adaptations to the plastic basket can reduce losses caused during tomato transport between 9% and 9.7%, as well as maintain the physical, physiological and physicochemical properties of the tomato.

A Web-based Point of Sales for Automotive Component Industry using Rapid Application Development model

This research aims to increase efficiency in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the automotive components industry, focusing on CV Bengkel Megamakmur. This workshop is one of the MSMEs engaged in Indonesia's car spare parts industry. In the ongoing business process, these MSMEs need some help in inventory management, stock of goods, and less integrated sales transaction recording. The main problem identified was the discrepancy between the number of products sold and sales transaction reports. A web-based Point of Sale (POS) application was implemented, which allows the integration of inventory data and sales transactions. The method used in this research is Rapid Application Development (RAD), suitable for projects with limited resources and short work schedules. This research results in a Point of Sale application that can optimize business processes for managing inventory by monitoring stock and recording sales transactions in an integrated manner. This application has been tested using the System Usability Scale (SUS) method and obtained an average score of 86.6, included in the "very good" category. The test results show that this application has good functionality and can optimize MSME business processes in the automotive components industry.

Expansion of the market for AsSalwa honey MSMEs through product packaging automation and digital marketing

This community service initiative leverages modern technology to enhance the efficiency and quality of AsSalwa honey production, as well as to improve the management of honey product sales. The method involves disseminating the use of filling machines and financial management systems. This program offers multiple benefits, including increased productivity in honey filling, maintaining a more consistent product quality, and providing access to accurate and detailed sales data through a Point of Sale (POS) system. The results obtained from this program demonstrate that honey owners can automatically fill honey into various packaging sizes using a filling machine. This machine is capable of filling liquid honey ranging from 100g to 2,500g. Additionally, the process of recording buying and selling transactions becomes more structured and well-documented. Partners can also estimate the profits obtained through one of the system's features. Through the combination of automatic filling and a POS system, this program has successfully improved product quality and enhanced the management capabilities of the honey business.

Microbial quality assessment of biltong produced and marketed in Lubumbashi, DR Congo

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the hygienic quality of biltong produced locally and sold in Lubumbashi. Methods: Seventy-five biltong samples were taken randomly from five supermarkets in the city of Lubumbashi, at the rate of 15 samples per supermarket. Thus, the mesophilic aerobic flora (MAF), yeasts and molds, Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium perfringens, were enumerated on these samples after a series of successive decimal dilutions and inoculations in selective media. Results: The results of microbiological analyzes revealed that levels of microbial contamination varied depending on the points of sale. MAF (2.34 ± 0.12 to 3.79 ± 0.17 x 106 CFU/g) as well as yeasts and molds (3.50 ± 0.17 to 4.25 ± 0.50 x 103 CFU/g) constituted the predominant flora of the biltong studied in five large supermarkets in the city of Lubumbashi with 100% of samples presenting levels of contamination above acceptable standards. S. aureus and C. perfringens were identified at low levels compared to acceptable standards, i.e. from 1.80 ± 0.07 to 3.79 ± 0.41 x 102 CFU/g and 15.33 ± 0.15 to 32, 33 ± 0.34 CFU/g, respectively. Conclusion: This study highlighted the exposure of the population of Lubumbashi to food poisoning through the consumption of locally produced biltong. Improving its hygienic quality involves reducing the total flora present on the meat, pathogenic germs and spoilage germs based on the initial microbiological quality of the meat used, improving personal hygiene agents assigned to production and improving the manufacturing process.

RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM INFORMASI TABLE SERVICE BERBASIS MOBILE DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE AGILE

When evoria all transactions via the internet, the newly growing MSMEs are no exception utilizing this information technology to make transactions and assist in their operational processes. Kedai Jahe 22 is no exception, which is one of the UMKM in the city of Bekasi which quickly applies for orders when the customer is already at the table (table service). This shop previously faced problems recording customer orders manually which caused delays and misunderstandings. To overcome this problem, an Android-based Point of Sale (POS) system with table service was implemented with the help of Agile methods. Test results show that this system has good performance, enabling Kedai Jahe 22 to improve operational efficiency and service to customers. The use of smartphone technology in the culinary business has helped increase customer satisfaction and profits for the shop.

An empirical study of 4P’s of marketing strategies of agrochemical companies in and around Pune city.

The purpose of this study is to look into the impact of marketing mix (MM) factors (product, price, place or distribution, and promotion) on boosting product promotion effectiveness and their involvement in reducing difficulties inside the company. The primary goals of this paper are to explore the theoretical aspects of MM, to provide some viewpoints for researchers, and to provide some instructions for the marketing department of agrochemical Company’s innovations. To measure the impact of promotion on the marketing of its product, the researchers used the main related academic resources from university libraries and the internet, and they designed and distributed questionnaires to a random sample of agrochemical companies for customers and employees.
 The following are the key conclusions of this paper:
 
 The promotion has a very high impact in terms of increasing product sales.
 Product distribution can have a favourable impact on consumer satisfaction.
 The company's promotion approach has a very positive impact on growing product sales.
 
 According to the researchers, the company should increase the level of promotion in its activities and departments, and expanding sales points is critical, thus the company's distribution policies should be improved.

THE EFFECT OF FORENSIC ACCOUNTING ON BANK PERFORMANCE

This study investigated the effects of forensic accounting on bank performance in Nigeria using four (4) measures of forensic accounting (money laundering fraud control, point of sales, money transfer fraud and automated teller machine fraud control) and one (1) performance measure (return on asset). Data were obtained from the annual reports and accounts of the banks and Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin from 2012-2020. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis and correlation) and inferential statistics (variance inflation factor and ordinary least square). Findings of the study showed that all the forensic accounting measures of the study (money laundering fraud, point of sales, money transfer fraud and automated teller machine fraud controls) negatively and significantly affected performance of banks in Nigeria. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that bank management should employ forensic accounting by amending the existing statutes in such a way that forensic accountants are included in the management process. Through this, forensic accountants will have more tools to effectively deal with challenges in fraud control. Also, the negative relationship between forensic accounting and performance of banks suggests that it has not been effectively used by management; thus, there is need for Nigerian banks to further enhance and employ forensic accounting support services, fraud investigation and forensic audit by ensuring that they achieve what they intend to do for banks
 Keywords: Forensic Accounting, Bank, Performance, Nigeria.

Frequency of perfume in 398 children's cosmetics

ObjectivePerfume (Parfum) or fragrance is a natural or synthetic cosmetic ingredient added to emit a pleasant aroma or to improve the odor of a cosmetic formula. It is a mixture of substances, not revealed by the manufacturer, which may contain ingredients with allergenic potential, endocrine disruptors, and other possible harmful effects on human health. This study aims to analyze children's cosmetics labels to assess the presence of Perfume. MethodsThe researchers randomly visited points of sale in Curitiba, the capital of a southern Brazilian state; in order to catalog the largest possible number of children's cosmetics items. Results398 children's cosmetics were analyzed and found Parfum on 295 (74.1 %) of the labels, including 90.4 and 79,1 % of the shampoos and wet wipes, respectively. ConclusionExposure of children's skin to fragrances can lead to local side effects such as allergies, but also to systemic effects, and the lack of knowledge of the general population and health professionals about its possible deleterious effects emphasizes the importance of changes in the regulation of cosmetics aiming to reduce the use of this ingredient.

How Do Consumers Living in European Capital Cities Perceive Foods with Sustainability Certificates?

Certification aims at ensuring food quality and safety, as well as confirming other beneficial credence attributes, such as local origin and sustainability. In order to explore the visibility and credibility of such certification labels functioning in the European Union, a study was conducted among residents of two EU Member States, Poland and Belgium. Face-to-face questionnaire-based interviews and focus group interviews were conducted among 701 adults living in Warsaw and Brussels-the capital cities of these countries. Almost 44% of Belgian respondents and 33% of Polish respondents considered certified foods as being of better quality compared to unlabeled products. Focus group interviews demonstrated that Belgian consumers had more extensive knowledge and a higher level of trust in certified foods compared to Warsaw inhabitants. Our findings suggest that certificates are moderately important factors of food choice due to the wide variety of certificates, leading to consumer confusion, a lack of label uniformity, greenwashing, limited visibility and availability at points of sale, consumer price sensitivity and the prioritization of other factors. These constraints can be alleviated by introducing food labeling standards and regulations. Increasing consumer awareness and the availability and affordability of certified foods can also boost the demand for sustainable products in the region.

PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI POINT OF SALES (POS) BERBASIS WEB (STUDI KASUS : MINIMARKET SMJ PAAL 11)

Minimarket SMJ Paal 11, which is one of the retail business players, has a desire to utilize web technology to improve operational efficiency, especially in recording stocks and transactions. Currently, Minimarket SMJ Paal 11 still uses manual recording for stocks and transactions. Given the growing and increasing number of customers, there is a need for an information system that can support the recording of stocks and transactions efficiently. This is expected to increase efficiency and provide satisfaction to customers, because the entire transaction process can be completed more quickly. This study aims to design a web-based Point Of Sales (POS) Information System with the hope of optimizing the process of recording stock and transactions at SMJ Paal 11Minimarket. The method used in this design is the waterfall method with PHP programming language, Apache webserver, and MySQL database as a database for storing data. This information system is run locallyhosted and can be accessed by several devices in one network, ensuring ease of access and use. With the presence of web technology in this system, it is expected that SMJ Paal 11Minimarket can keep up with industry developments, improve recording accuracy, and provide more responsive services to customers.