Point Of Sale Research Articles

ORGANISATIONAL SUPPORT FOR THE APPLICATION OF EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT METHODS IN THE OPERATIONS OF RESTAURANT ESTABLISHMENTS

The article studies the main aspects of effective management methods for restaurant establishments. Attention is on the issues of content, goals, and advantages of using the mentioned methods. The study aims to systematise methodical approaches for ensuring the effective management of restaurant establishments. The emphasis of the work is on the fact that by February 2022, the establishments of the restaurant sector were actively developing, exerting a positive influence on all spheres of economic life. Russian armed aggression had a devastating effect on economic spheres, including restaurant businesses. To gradually restore their operations, support the state’s economy, and fill the country’s budget, from 2023, numerous restaurants began to resume their work. Today, every restaurant must find innovative forms and ways of functioning. According to the authors, such management tools as catering, BTL, and neuromarketing can act as effective levers for significantly increasing the performance of restaurants. Catering, as a type of outside restaurant service, is rightfully considered the top flight in this field. Thanks to catering, the restaurant is not limited to just selling food but also can provide services, comfort, and a suitable atmosphere for relaxation. BTL marketing aims at targeted communication with potential consumers at points of sale or during personal contact. The article emphasises that utilising BTL tools by restaurants, such as loyalty programmes, holding various culinary events, leafleting, and neuromarketing in BTL promotions, can ensure the effectiveness of restaurant development. Additionally, the article substantiates the expediency of using ATL and TTL marketing by restaurants. The authors also explore another tool, namely aroma marketing. As a unique marketing tool for stimulating consumer behaviour, it significantly increases customer satisfaction, affects the productivity of the staff of businesses, and improves the quality and efficiency of work. The authors emphasise that catering, BTL, and neuromarketing carry the potential to improve the development of restaurant establishments. The practical value of the research lies in the study of organisational aspects of the influence of the specified management tools specifically for enterprises in the restaurant sector. Keywords: restaurant businesses, catering, BTL marketing, ATL marketing, TTL marketing, neuromarketing.

Using an ecological model of health behaviour to identify factors associated with smoking behaviour among Buddhist novices in Thailand: a cross-sectional digital survey

ObjectiveBuddhist novices reside in Buddhist temples, which are legally designated as smoke-free areas. Nevertheless, similar to other men in their age group, they are susceptible to various risk factors that...

Incidence of Bacterial Contaminants in Fermented Milk (Nono/Kindirmo) Sold By Fulani Women to Consumers in Wukari Metropolis, Taraba State, Nigeria

A study was conducted to investigate contaminants in fermented milk sold by Fulani women in Wukari, Nigeria. Fifteen milk samples were obtained from five different sales points (A, B, C, D, and E) for analysis. The Standard Plate Count method was employed to detect contaminants, with spread plate techniques isolating bacteria. The total aerobic bacteria count on nutrient agar plates was found on sample 2 of sales point D with a bacteria count of 3.3 x 106. The total aerobic bacteria count on Manittol salt agar plates was found on sample 2 of sales point D with a bacteria count of 2.4×106. The highest bacterial growth was staphylococcus aureus with 73.33%. The least bacterial growths was Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with 13.33% respectively. Sample 1 of sales point A, samples 1 and 2 of sales point D and sample 3 of sales point E show bacteria growth on the Mannitol salt agar plate, while the other samples shows no growth. Also on a Nutrient agar plate, sample 1, 2, and 3 of sales point A, sample 3 of sales B, sample 3 of sales point C, and sample 2 of sales point D were negative, while the other samples were positive. It can be concluded that the high incidence of contamination with bacteria in nono could be attributed to the unhygienic milking process and post-contamination after pasteurization and during sales.

Efficient Frontier Rules for Secure NFC Payments and Data Transmission

As a result of advancements in technology areas including mobile communication, semiconductors, and 5G internet, things have changed very quickly.Near field communication [NFC] has gained popularity due simplicity in use and function. Given that the weaknesses in the current technique were discovered, this paper proposed a new protocol for more secure NFC payments and data transfer. And thus conducted a thorough analysis of NFC payments and discovered that the data carried over the air was weak and easily intercepted by using tools like as Pflipper zero, Hackrf-one, and RTL-SRD, and later could be decoded utilising cutting-edge computations and GNU. This suggested protocol entails local-level verification for the creation of a transmission channel between a card and a Point of Sale [POS] at the local-level, allowing a secured point-to-point connection between the two end points. In addition to the first step indicated, the channel will make sure that no data is being eavesdropped by an unauthorised devices or antenna. If so, both the channel and any data that was transmitted over it are immediately destroyed. This protocol would offer more security declarations and aid by making payments secured, safe, and morally correct.

The peculiarities of the execution of natural gas supply contracts

The legal basis for the functioning of the natural gas market of Ukraine, based on the principles of free competition, proper protection of consumer rights and security of natural gas supply, has been determined by the Law of Ukraine “On the Natural Gas Market” No. 329-VIII dated 04/09/2015.
 The supply of natural gas to household consumers is carried out on the basis of the standard contract. According to the content of the provisions of the Code of the Gas Transportation System and the Code of the Gas Distribution System, it is understood that, in order to supply natural gas to consumers, its supplier purchases this gas from a wholesaler at a virtual point of sale, and consumers receive it directly from the operator of gas distribution networks at the limit of the balance sheet ownership of their facilities (at destinations). In the context of updating the civil legislation of Ukraine and its harmonization with the law of the European Union, the study of the peculiarities of the execution of the gas supply contract as a type of contract for the supply of energy and the other resources through the connected network is relevant. Taking into account the specifics of the supply object, namely that natural gas is a commercial product that is a mixture of hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbon components in a gaseous state under standard conditions, the legal nature of the supply contract has certain peculiarities. At the same time, under the contract for the supply of energy and the other resources through the connected network, one party (supplier) undertakes to provide the other party (consumer, subscriber) with energy and the other resources provided for in the contract, and the consumer (subscriber) undertakes to pay the cost of the received resources and to comply with the mode of its use stipulated by the contract, as well as to ensure safe operation of energy and the other equipment.
 The peculiarities of the execution of the contract for the supply of natural gas have been determined by the legal regime of the commercial product, which is natural gas, and the peculiarities of its supply (no other than through the gas transportation and gas distribution systems in which natural gas is received from various economic entities, as a result of which it is mixed and changes in physical chemical parameters).

Unlocking B2B Purchase Engagement: Investigating Its Drivers and Consequences in App-Based Service Subscriptions for MSMEs

Objective: This study aims to highlight the role of purchase engagement in the business-to-business (B2B) context, which is mainly under-explored due to the intricacy and diverseness of stakeholders embroiled in B2B purchasing decisions. This paper fills the gap by studying purchase engagement in the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) B2B setting, particularly for app-based service subscriptions. Design/Methods/Approach: The study recruited responses from 215 MSME owners and managers, current customers of a subscription-based point-of-sales (POS) service. The PLS-SEM technique empirically validated the conceptual framework and the research hypotheses. Findings: The findings indicate that the conceptual model of customization, identification with virtual communities, and loyalty to account managers are exogenous factors influencing purchase engagement, perceived dependency, and willingness to pay for price premiums. Originality/Value: This study aims to understand purchase engagement in B2B, focusing on transactional drivers. This framework also investigates a particular set of drivers and results from purchase engagement factors in B2B app-based service subscriptions. Practical/Policy implication: B2B app-based service subscription stakeholders must ensure that all efforts to engage with customers strengthen their dependency on the service by starting with purchase engagement, customization, identification with virtual communities, and loyalty to account managers.

Are Gamification and Consumer Happiness the Links Between Gourmet Food Packaging Design and Mobile Points of Sales?

Based on the idea of gamified food packaging, the article follows several studies to propose a new integrative framework in gamified gourmet food packaging, lighting a new study area of the interplay of mobile marketing and packaging (as a communication vehicle) in the promotion management literature. We investigate the relationship between the masstige theory perspective on masstige (gourmet) food companies and the effects of gamification, specifically in mobile sales points, in the new extended framework that has been suggested. We propose an integrative framework comprising four key elements. These include consumer engagement with the brand, technological packaging design, consumer happiness, and consumer involvement at mobile point-of-sale. We employ a survey to gather data as part of our research methodology to test nine (9) research hypotheses and the mediating effect of consumer happiness and consumer involvement. The study offers valuable insights into promotions of gamified gourmet food packaging, bringing attention to the intersection of gamification and mobile sales points and how they impact consumer perceptions, intentions, and purchasing decisions.

The absence of mandatory pregnancy warning labels in online alcohol purchasing contexts.

As people increasingly migrate to online shopping platforms, hard-won improvements in requirements for consumer information provision at the point of sale are being eroded. An example is the alcohol pregnancy warning label for packaged alcoholic beverages that has been recently introduced in Australia and New Zealand. The aim of the present study was to assess the extent to which the pregnancy warning was visible at the online point of sale when the requirement became mandatory in August 2023. Data for alcohol products sold on the websites of the two largest alcohol retailers in Australia were web-scraped from 1 to 3 August 2023. The captured data for 8343 alcoholic beverages were inspected to determine whether the pregnancy warning was visible. Virtually no products (0.1%) had the mandatory warning visible on the main sales page, and only 7% enabled visibility of the warning via optional product image rotation functionality. The almost complete absence of the mandatory pregnancy warnings on the main product pages of major alcohol retailers' websites highlights the regulatory problems posed by the emerging shift to online shopping. The very low prevalence of visible pregnancy warnings is likely to be an overestimate of the extent to which consumers would be exposed to warnings due to images being counted as being present regardless of their quality or readability. New regulation is needed to ensure that mandatory information requirements for harmful products are applied to online shopping contexts.

Inventory Management System for MSMEs

This inquire about points to create a web-based stock framework that centers on reasonableness, user-friendliness, and usefulness custom-made to desires of Miniaturized scale, Little, and Medium Ventures (MSMEs). Through in-depth analysis of MSMEs' specific inventory management requirements, the system not only provides a comprehensive solution for stock management but also integrates the Apriori algorithm for associative analysis of inventory data. The system's development adopts an Agile approach, allowing flexible adaptation to changing needs throughout the development process. Key features include efficient stock management, intuitive Point of Sales (POS) transaction recording, and customizable inventory reporting. The implementation of this system is expected to enhance MSMEs' efficiency in inventory management, provide insightful data to support more informed decision-making, and positively contribute to strengthening competitiveness and growth in the dynamic and competitive business environment.

Patterns in Tobacco, E-Cigarette, and Cannabis Advertising Exposure Among California Adolescents and Associations With Future Use Expectations

Background Exposure to tobacco, e-cigarette, or cannabis marketing is associated with adolescent use. Few studies have examined advertising exposure prevalence and patterns across these products concurrently. Methods This study assessed past 30-day recalled exposure to promotional messages about tobacco, e-cigarettes (“vapes” on the survey), and cannabis (“marijuana”) from various sources among California adolescents (ages 12–17) in the 2022 Teens, Nicotine, and Tobacco Online Survey (N = 2530). Principal components analysis (PCA) was conducted to examine the underlying structure and patterns in advertising exposure sources. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between any advertising exposure and future use expectations (a susceptibility measure) in one year and at age 25 among current never-users. Results Overall, 65.9% of participants recently noticed at least one tobacco (52.5%), vape (51.5%), or marijuana (45.6%) advertisement. Gas stations or convenience stores were the most common source for tobacco or vape ads; billboards were for marijuana ads. In PCA, advertising exposure patterns correlated with advertising source, not the type of product. Exposures from tobacco-specific sources and nearer point of sale were associated with current use, older age, LGBTQ + identity, and sensation seeking. Among never-users, advertising exposure was associated with one-year and age-25 use expectations for cigarettes (one-year expectations adjusted odds ratio: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1, 2.5), vapes (2.3; 1.5, 3.5), and marijuana (2.1; 1.5, 3.0). Conclusion California adolescents’ exposure to tobacco, e-cigarette, and cannabis marketing is common, follows similar patterns, and is associated with use susceptibility. Comprehensive restrictions on marketing accessible to adolescents could help prevent youth use.

The Relationship Between Schools and the Food and Beverage Industry in Guatemala: In-Depth Interviews with School Principals

ABSTRACT Schools are considered a point of sale (POS) channel to reach students with ultra-processed foods and beverages (UPFB) advertising and products. We sought to determine the type of relationship between schools and the UPFB industry in Guatemala City. During 2020, we interviewed 20 school principals. Descriptive statistics and inductive thematic coding were used for the analysis. Schools struggle with commercialism by engaging in unregulated relationships with the industry where they become a place of commercial value mediated by events sponsorship and exclusive contracts based on trust, among other strategies. School commercialism needs to be restricted to improve school food environments.

Financial Inclusion Policies and Performance of Nigerian Listed Deposit Money Banks

The development of modern technology for financial transactions poses exciting enquiries to both the finance sector operators and policy formulators with regard to appropriateness of previous institutional measures and availability of devices that will guarantee efficiency, effectiveness and financial stability of fiscal policies. This study evaluates the impact of financial inclusion strategies on the performance of Nigeria’s banking industry. To get the intended outcome, this study employs an ex-post facto research strategy to investigate the relationship between financial inclusion and the economic performance of the Nigerian banking industry. The data utilised in this study is sourced from various secondary sources from 2009 to 2019. The study included descriptive statistics and the Ordinary Least Square method of Regression analysis. The findings of the study suggest that the adoption of Point of Sale (PoS) terminals significantly influences the overall efficiency and effectiveness of the banking industry in Nigeria. Additionally, it revealed that financial transactions conducted through Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) have a substantial impact on the Return on Equity (ROE) of the banking industry in Nigeria. On the other hand, it was determined that Mobile Money Transfer did not demonstrate a significant impact on the performance of the Nigerian banking sector. The report so suggests, among other recommendations, that the Central Bank of Nigeria should conduct a downward revision of electronic payment transaction rates in order to foster greater financial inclusion.

Spatiotemporal mapping of urban trade and shopping patterns: A geospatial big data approach

The economic viability of an urban area in terms of trade and shopping significantly impacts its residents’ quality of life and is crucial for any sustainable development initiative. Geographic information systems (GIS) are well established, but the use of GIS technology within finance and trade analysis is still in its infancy. In this article, we highlighted the potential of GIS technology and big data analytics and demonstrated the importance of thinking in spatial terms for analysing patterns within the trade and finance industries. We studied spatiotemporal trade and shopping patterns in the city of Tabriz using data generated by customer purchase transactions obtained from 5200 stores, shopping, business and service centres. We employed time series transaction data collected from the points of sale in stores, shopping, service and business centres located in different areas of the city. We applied four well known geospatial big data driven approaches including machine learning nearest neighbour, kernel density estimation, space–time pattern mining and spatiotemporal coupling tele-coupling for detecting and mapping of spatial trade hotspot patterns. The results of this study indicated the potential of GIScience methods for the explicit spatial mapping of trade and shopping patterns. The results revealed that the city centre, particularly the Bazaar of Tabriz, acts as the city’s heart of trade, and we identify additional major business hotspots. Furthermore, the results allow for studying the impacts of unbalanced urban development in Tabriz, where the wealthy suburbs with high quality of life, such as Valiasr and Elguli, host the major shopping hotspots. The spatial patterns obtained enable local stakeholders, decision makers and authorities to develop strategic plans for urban sustainable development in Tabriz. The geospatial big data approach used can stimulate novel and progressive research. Results of this study demonstrate methodological advancements in GIScience by ’spatializing’ individual purchase data and therefor proposing an explicit geospatial big data analysis approach.

IMPACT OF DIGITAL FINANCE ON STOCK MARKET PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA (2012M1-2021M12)

Purpose: The stock market has long played a significant role in fostering economic growth in developing countries by providing equity funds for capital formation. Technological advancements, particularly in digital technology, have significantly influenced financial services, becoming a crucial aspect of financial affairs. Notably, digital payment services have gained prominence in Nigeria, offering potential improvements to the Nigerian stock market. Despite this, there appears to be a perceived gap between digital finance transactions and the performance of the Nigerian stock market. Therefore, this study centred on the impact of digital finance on stock market performance in Nigeria. The study specifically aimed to assess the influence of Automated Teller Machine (ATM), Point of Sales (POS), mobile payment (mobilepay), and web-based payment (webpay) digital finance transactions on stock market capitalization ratio in Nigeria. Methodology: This study, conducted for the period from January 2012 to December 2021, utilized Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares regression to investigate the impact of digital finance on stock market performance in Nigeria. Monthly secondary data were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria's Statistical Bulletin, Statistics and Monthly Economic Reports. Findings and Conclusion: Empirical findings revealed that ATM, POS, mobile-based, and web-based digital finance transactions had a positive and significant impact on the stock market capitalization ratio in Nigeria. Consequently, the study concluded that digital finance contributes to enhancing stock market performance in the country Originality/Value: To promote further growth in the stock market, the study recommends expanding the deployment and usage of digital finance channels such as ATM, POS, mobile-based, and web-based channels, encouraging their utilization for stock market transactions by participants.

Point of Sale’s Transaction Data: Envisioning Micro Small and Medium Enterprise (MSME)’s Inventory Management Strategy

With the progression of Big Data Analytics (BDA), Point of Sale (PoS) could be amalgamated with Inventory Management (IM) system, thereby assisting merchants in providing an overview of their inventory and even predicting when restocking is necessary. This qualitative inquiry aims to assess the merchants' awareness of digitalisation in Klang Valley, Selangor, Malaysia, from October to November of 2023, with total number of thirty merchants being interviewed. NVivo 12 was used to support analysis tasks. The results are inconclusive, as some merchants still rely on separate systems for their PoS and IM. Those who lack IM system but possess digital PoS still believe that they can sustain their inventory management through manual means. Even when IM is integrated with PoS, workers still prefer to inform the manager verbally when the stock is nearing depletion. Only those who diligently utilise the integrated system can truly appreciate the benefits of their investment in the digitisation of their daily operations. These study could provide valuable insights for governing authority, such as the Ministry of Domestic Trade and Cost of Living (KPDN) and the Malaysian Administrative Modernisation and Management Planning Unit (MAMPU), in incorporating essential content into their educational programs to promote the advantages of digitalisation to Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), as well as to educate Solution Providers on the need to revise their software's Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) and Manuals to be available in both English and Bahasa.

Change from the COVID-19 Pandemic to a New Normal: Documenting Consumption Behavior of Two Years with Big Data

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically changed our daily lives in terms of eating, learning, working, and leisure time. So far, Japan has experienced eight waves of widespread infection and three emergency declarations but has coped with the crisis without mandatory lockdowns, behavioral restrictions, and mandatory mask-wearing that were seen in other countries. The response has mainly been an encouragement of behavioral changes in our daily lives. In this paper, we observe through “consumption big data” the initial disruption, the adaptation period, and the change to a new normal. We use point of sale (POS) data from supermarkets, convenience stores, home centers, drugstores, and consumer electronics mass merchandisers, as well as data from household bookkeeping applications, for the two years from January 2020 to December 2021. The POS data were used to observe item-level sales trends, while the household bookkeeping application data were used to observe trends in service expenditures and the prevalence of cashless payments. This made it possible to comprehensively understand the changes in consumer behavior during the pandemic.

Tax revenue lost due to illicit cigarettes in South Africa: 2002−2022

ObjectiveTo estimate lost excise and value-added tax (VAT) revenue as a result of illicit cigarette trade from 2002 to 2022.DesignUsing gap analysis, we estimated the number of illicit cigarettes by...

Improving demand forecasting for customers with missing downstream data in intermittent demand supply chains with supervised multivariate clustering

AbstractIn a collaborative supply chain arrangement like vendor‐managed inventory, information on product demand at the point of sale is expected to be shared among members of the supply chain. However, in practice, obtaining such information can be costly, and some members may be unwilling or unable to provide the necessary access to the data. As such, large collaborative supply chains with multiple members may operate under a mixed‐information scenario where point‐of‐sale demand information is not known for all customers. Other sources of demand information exist and are becoming more available along supply chains using Industry 4.0 technologies and can serve as a substitute, but the data may be noisy, distorted, and partially missing. Under mixed information, leveraging existing customers' point‐of‐sale demand to improve the intermittent demand forecast of customers with missing information has yet to be explored. We propose a supervised demand forecasting method that uses multivariate time series clustering to map multiple sources of demand data. Members with missing downstream demand data have their resulting demand forecast improved by averaging over customers with similar delivery patterns for their final demand forecast. Our results show up to a 10% accuracy improvement over traditional intermittent demand forecasting methods with missing information.

Effect of financial inclusion on market participation of rice farmer’s cooperative members in Anambra State

This study on the effect of financial inclusion on market participation of rice farmer’s cooperative members in Anambra State, Nigeria used a combination of analytical tools like descriptive statistics, beta, and linear regression models to operationalize the data collected from a random sampling of 328 respondents. Descriptively, the study found that the majority of the respondents had access to savings accounts (87.0%) and point of sales (85.0%). Additionally, 81.0% confirmed the availability of microfinance bank (MFB) services, highlighting the extensive presence of MFBs in Anambra State. The study also delves into the market participation of rice farmers. The average farm size for the cooperative was found to be 9.85 hectares, producing an output of 39.73 tons. A high market participation index (0.848) showed that 84.8% of the total rice output was offered for sale. Furthermore, the result of the beta regression analysis revealed that online banking or self-service platforms (0.097), and microfinance services (0.180) positively influence farmer's decisions to participate in the market. Furthermore, cooperative age, legal status, and gender significantly determined the use of these financial products. It was also discovered that various challenges faced by farmers for financial inclusion, such as high interest rates and poor internet services hamper on market participation ability of the farmers. The study therefore recommends that financial institution should revise their interest rate to help accommodate a diverse range of rice farmers.

A Study of Adoption of Cashless Payments by Retailers and its Impact on Customers in Akola City

The demonetization of 500 and 1000 rupees’ currency notes by the Government of India in November 2016 was argued to be a drive towards cashless Economy, for curbing corruption. This sudden removal of currency and the time taken to introduce new currency created temporary cash crunch and prompted the consumers and sellers to look for alternative modes of payment. The small (unorganized) retailers were particularly affected by this phenomenon. This gave rise to evolution of cashless options such as POS (point of sale) machines for card payments and several mobile applications. The wide spread availability of mobile phones in the country and cheap data packages further increased the popularity of cashless transactions among customers and small retailers The current study aimed at capturing the current status of adoption of cashes payments in Akola city. It was observed that around 77.78% small retailers allow cashless payments in their shops. Also, cashless payments are estimated to contribute around 45% of the turnover of those retailers who accept them. Mobile applications are currently contributing to average of 63 total cashless payments at retail shops in Akola city.