Podlasie Region Research Articles

Formowanie się sieci cerkiewnej na przestrzeni dziejów w granicach współczesnego województwa podlaskiego

<p>Od czasów średniowiecza na terenie współczesnego województwa podlaskiego obecne było wschodnie chrześcijaństwo. Zmienny bieg dziejów politycznych Podlasia oddziaływał w kolejnych stuleciach na możliwość tworzenia się wschodniochrześcijańskiej sieci cerkiewnej. W oparciu o rozproszone materiały źródłowe (archiwalne i biblioteczne) można odtworzyć proces formowania się tej sieci. Między połową XV a końcem XVI w. powstało na terenie współczesnego województwa podlaskiego co najmniej 67 cerkwi prawosławnych. Po unii brzeskiej (1596 r.) większość świątyń przeszła w ręce Cerkwi greckokatolickiej, wybudowano także nowe i w momencie III rozbioru Rzeczypospolitej (1795 r.) na wspomnianym obszarze znajdowało się 109 obiektów cerkiewnych. W okresie przynależności Podlasia do imperium rosyjskiego (do 1915 r.) Cerkiew greckokatolicka została zlikwidowana, a jej świątynie przekazano Rosyjskiemu Kościołowi Prawosławnemu. W tym czasie wzniesiono jeszcze około 100 sakralnych obiektów cerkiewnych. Dramatyczne wydarzenia obu wojen światowych i derusyfikacja ziem wschodnich w Polsce w okresie międzywojennym skutkowały likwidowaniem świątyń na Podlasiu – w 1945 r. było już tylko 149 cerkwi. Niewielki wzrost liczby sakralnych obiektów wschodniego chrześcijaństwa nastąpił w czasie rządów komunistów (1944–1989) – ich liczba sięgnęła 169. Dopiero po upadku systemu komunistycznego na terenie współczesnego województwa podlaskiego liczba tych świątyń znacznie wzrosła (205 w 2015 r., kilka znajduje się ciągle w budowie). Większość omawianych obiektów stanowi unikatowe przykłady architektury sakralnej (głównie drewnianej).</p>

Autoidentyfikacja etniczna i językowa ukraińskojęzycznych mieszkańców Podlasia. Na podstawie badań językoznawczych

The aim of the article is to analyze the ethnic and linguistic identification of the Ukrainian-speaking population in the south-eastern part of the Podlaskie Voivodeship. This region is inhabited by the population of the Orthodox denomination, for whom the language spoken at home is Ukrainian (dialect). The article describes the ethnic and linguistic self-identifications of the older generation of the Podlasie residents. The author is interested in how the Ukrainian-speaking residents identify their own and strangers, how they are identified by strangers: the Polish-speaking majority and Belarusian-speaking minority, and how they themselves identify these groups of strangers and whether these identifications coincide. The material basis for the analyses is dialectological research carried out in Podlasie region.

Cerkiew prawosławna na Podlasiu do końca XVI wieku

The article presents the outline of the history of Orthodox Church In the region of Podlasie until the end of 16-th century. The jurisdiction of Podlasie orthodox parishes , their founders and the number of churches were being analysed.

Facies architecture of the Cambrian succession at the western margin of Baltica in the Podlasie region (E Poland)

Sedimentary features of the Cambrian-age succession transected in seven borehole cores sited in the Podlasie region document vertical and lateral variations of shallow-marine sedimentary facies, deposited at the rifted western margin of the Baltica Palaeocontinent. The boreholes are distributed along two lines of cross-section (E–W and NE–SW) running roughly perpendicular to the margin of the palaeocontinent. The easternmost borehole represents a proximal setting located on a relatively stable, shallow basement in the east; the remaining boreholes document conditions of deposition in the subsiding shallow-marine basin, extending towards the SW. Fourteen sedimentary facies defined on the basis of their lithological and sedimentary features are interpreted in terms of the sedimentary environments they represent. Strata deposited upon the stable craton in the east document a stratigraphically condensed succession of proximal facies, 240 m thick, whereas a sequence three times thicker is positioned distally, 170 km to the west. Facies associations in the proximal section represent the lower to upper shoreface in the lower part of the section and evolve upwards to the intermediate shoreface. Facies complexes in the remaining, intermediate and distal areas form a symmetrical megasequence, composed of a positive (i.e., fining-upwards – FU) transgressive sequence, overlain by a negative (coarsening-upwards – CU) regressive sequence. The vertical arrangement of the sedimentary subenvironments during the transgression indicates a tidally influenced shoreline followed by oscillations between the swash zone, the upper, intermediate and lower shoreface, and the offshore. The symmetry of the megasequences and the rhythmic pattern of the component facies complexes indicate that the intensity of supply in the terrigenous material and the efficiency of its reworking and redistribution within the basin were similar during the transgression and the regression. The facies types and variations within the basal part of the succession reflect syndepositional movements of tectonic blocks parallel to the rifted basin margin. Differences in total thickness and facies associations between the two lines of cross-section approximately perpendicular to the basin margin indicate that sedimentation was also influenced by a synsedimentary hinge fault, extending in a WSW–ENE direction.

Analysis risk factors for preterm births in children under care of the Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation in Bialystok

Introduction: Preterm birth is the birth of a baby at fewer than 37 weeks' gestational age. Preterm infants are at risk for numerous medical problems including neurological, cardiological, respiratory, and infection. Purpose: To analyse the selected risk factors of preterm births among children under the care of the Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation in Białystok Materials and methods: The retrospective study included 96 preterm children with very low body mass less than 1500 grams. All children lived in the Podlasie region of Poland. We analysed the risk factors for preterm birth based on the medical files. The detailed interview included: the course of pregnancy, diseases before pregnancy, the prevalence of genetic diseases in the nearest family, and the earlier miscarriages. Results: The intrauterine infection (20 cases), fetal distress, (19 cases), uterine bleeding (15 cases), multiple pregnancies (13 cases) were the most often risk factors of preterm births. Only a few cases concerned congenital toxoplasmosis and cytomegaly, malformation of the reproductive system, mother diseases during the pregnancy. The gender of the child did not determine the preterm birth. A significant correlation between preterm birth and the sequence of pregnancy preterm birth was related with first pregnancy in 47% of cases. There was no correlation between i. body mass and sex, ii. earlier miscarriages and preterm births. Conclusions: The risk factors of preterm births are diverse. Most common causes of preterm births were the intrauterine infection, fetal distress, and uterine bleeding.

BARRIERS TO CONDUCT ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ON THE EXAMPLE OF MICRO-ENTERPRISES FROM PODLASKIE VOIVODESHIP

The article deals with the problems related to limitations when conducting business activity by microenterprises. Empirical studies indicate that after one year of operation a significant part, about 1/3 of micro-enterprises disappeared from the market. Problems related to the maintenance of microenterprises on the market suggest the occurrence of many inconveniences related to running your own business. The main aim of this article is to analyze the barriers that arise when establishing and running a business, with particular emphasis on the situation among microenterprises in the Podlasie region. In order to identify these barriers, a survey of 183 microenterprises was conducted in May-June 2017. The respondents indicated financial and administrative barriers as the main limitation during establishment, while high fees and taxes were considered the main factor hindering business operations.

Somatic Development of Rural Children with Scoliosis

The formation of a proper body posture is highly affected by body build and proportions. Correct silhouette is usually observed in children with solid constitution. The objective of the study was to evaluate the somatic development of rural children with structural scoliosis as compared to their peers with correct body postures.Investigations into the biological development of rural children and youth were carried out in the years 1998—1999, in primary and secondary schools of the Southern Podlasie region. The study involved 1045 girls and 1025 boys, aged 7—19 years, including 35 subjects with structural scoliosis. Body posture was evaluated based on orthopedic examination, including the Adams’ test. The somatic development of children with structural scoliosis was charac-terized on the basis of the following measurements: body height and mass, arm and shank circumference, elbow and knee width, and Body Mass Index (BMI). The results of measurements were plotted on centile scales, elaborated for rural children of the Southern Podlasie.The results of the study indicate that, in most cases, body sizes of girls and boys with structural scoliosis reached values either meeting or lower than those recommended for rural children. The occurrence of extremely low values of body mass, BMI, musculature and skeleton stoutness measurements as well as extremely high values of body height in the analyzed children with scoliosis seems highly alarming.Keywords: body posture of rural girls and boys, structural scolioses, somatic traits.

Podlasie — gdzie religia spotyka magię

The article presents the results of the field and reporter work on folk healers, which I carried out in the region of Podlasie. In my article I want to explain the issues of discourse in which magic and religion are entangled, and depict as they relate to the local residents. It also has the task of documenting specific magical techniques used by healers called “Szeptuchy”. I examined those aspects personally by visiting any case that is mentioned in the article and by carrying out appropriate conversations and being the subject to their treatment. I also witnessed and was the object of those techniques, therefore, I was able to get closer to the true nature of the mentioned unique in the country phenomenon. It seems that this phenomenon should remain intact in possibly every aspect and cherished in its specific isolation and purity, unsullied by the contemporary globalist will of profit.

Zanieczyszczenie gruntów pod nieuszczelnionym gminnym składowiskiem odpadów komunalnych

Analysis of the communal municipal waste landfill, situated in the Podlasie region, was performed in the paper. The landfill had been located randomly, without any barriers, and landfill operation was carried out without clearly defi ned rules. Execution of three research holes and collection of soil samples enabled an assessment of the soil chemical composition for selected pollution indicators, showing elevated values in groundwater, i.e. Zn, Cu, TOC, PAHs. The analysis of the pollutant movement was presented in relation to depth, occurrence of groundwater table and soil filtration coefficient.

Borderland of Nations, Religions and Cultures – the Case of Podlasie

Podlasie, a historical and geographical region in north-eastern Poland, serves as both an external (interstate, European Union) and internal (ethnic, religious, linguistic, cultural) borderland. The primary aim of the article is to present historical and political conditions, national and cultural diversification of the Podlasie region, an analysis of current changes in ethnic and religious structure of the inhabitants as well as analysis of the consequences of changes of geopolitical circumstances in mutual relationships between different communities. Borderlands, especially those highly diverse in terms of nationality, religion, language and culture, are often identified with unstable, conflict-prone areas with past and present antagonism between nations sharing them. This belief has intensified over the last few decades when nationalisms, separatist tendencies and historical conflicts got sparked again in numerous regions of Central and Eastern Europe. However, not all European borderlands have to be stereotypically identified with areas of conflict, resentment and even hatred among the peoples inhabiting them. This is the case, among others, in Podlasie, where there are centuries-old traditions of cohabitation of diverse communities.

PROFITABILITY OF THE FARMS INCLUDED IN FADN OF THE MAZOVIA AND PODLASIE REGION IN 2014

The aim of the study was an attempt to assess the economic performance and production potential of pig farms covered by the FADN in 2014 system within the Mazovian and Podlasie region (4,481), with special attention paid to those specializing in breeding pigs (263) with the individual farm of the Mazowieckie Voivodship specializing in pig breeding in the open cycle. This is a comparison of production factors as well as the economic and production results of individual farms engaged in pig production included in the Polish FADN system with individual farms. The largest number of animals from the 795 region was concentrated in dairy farms 37% and mixed farms 33%. The highest economic value (€180,000) was found in poultry farms, which is 50% of the value of all farms. The second largest was pig’s farms with the value of €51,100. The lowest value was for farms with field crops (€12,700 (3%)), grassroots animals €13,200 and mixed farms €13,900.

10.18290/reiz.2018.10.4-7 Wpływ dzierżaw na zrównoważenie gospodarstw typu uprawy polowe regionu Mazowsze i Podlasie

The aim of the study is to determine the state of economic, social and ecological balance of farms like field crops of the Mazowsze and Podlasie region against the background of the whole country and the impact of leases on the indicators describing the sustainability of farms. The farms of the Masovia and Podlasie region are characterized by a smaller area of UAA and a smaller share of leases, which negatively affects the efficiency of work and capital employed. A larger share of own work and management on own land, however, results in higher efficiency of material inputs.

Zmiany opłacalności produkcji wieprzowiny w regionie Mazowsze i Podlasie w latach 2014–2016 (po wystąpieniu ASF)

Zmiany opłacalności produkcji wieprzowiny w regionie Mazowsze i Podlasie w latach 2014–2016 (po wystąpieniu ASF)

Transformacja produkcji trzody chlewnej na Podlasiu w latach 1970–2010

Transformacja produkcji trzody chlewnej na Podlasiu w latach 1970–2010

Neolithic Flint Axes Made from Cretaceous flint of the Bug and Neman Interfluve in the Collection of the Museum of Podlasie in Bialystok

The aim of the article is to present and characterize the collection of flint axes made of Cretaceous flint from the interfluve of the Bug River and Neman that morphologically resemble the forms from the Neolithic cultures of the Polish Lowland (the Funnel Beaker Culture, Globular Amphorae Culture and Corded Ware Cultures). This group of objects consists of 10 items found in the Podlasie region. The presented axes are a small part of a large collection (50 flint axes) exhibited in the Museum of Podlasie in Bialystok. A new term for local Cretaceous flint has been introduced for the purpose of this study. Until now, this type of flint was known as Northeastern Flint, and although research to define this term has been done, it has never been fully finalized. Because of that, the author of this study has coined a new and more suitable term: Cretaceous flint from the interfluve of the Bug River and Neman. This includes a group of Cretaceous flints from the Podlasie area and contains all the local variations of it: Mielnik flint, Rybniki flint, flint from the Cretaceous beds and marls and Krasne Siolo flint

POLISH POLICY OF RELIGIOUS REVINDICATION IN CHELM AND SOUTHERN PODLASIE REGIONS IN 1937–1938

The article describes the main reasons that led to the change of Polish state policy towards Ukrainian national minority in Chelm and Southern Podlasie regions in the second half of the 1930s. The author shows preparations of the Polish government to polonization policy of the region and its implementation in 1917–1938.

LATGALE IN THE POLISH PRESS AND EPISTOLOGRAPHY AT THE TURN OF THE 20TH CENTURY

The article discusses the picture of Latgale presented in the following sources: articles and letters by Stefania Ulanowska, unpublished fragments of “Łotysze Inflant Polskich” (stored in the Archives of The Polish Academy of Sciences and in the Polish Academy of Learning in Krakow, No. 1–29a), letters found in the documents of Jan Karłowicz in Lithuanian State Historical Archives (fund. 1135, inv. 10), and articles (published in “Biblioteka Warszawska” in 1880 and in “Pamiętnik Fizjograficzny” in 1881) by Zygmunt Gloger, a 19th-century Polish ethnographer, who carried out research in the former territories of Livonia. In the letters and articles by S. Ulanowska, Latgale (the author does not use this name) is presented as a land of unlimited possibilities of ethnic and archaeological research. The author devotes much attention to the description of the region around Wielony (Viļāni) depicted in “Łotysze Inflant Polskich”. The articles by Zygmunt Gloger deal mainly with the 1880 excavations in Marienhaus (present Viļaka), which provide an opportunity to study and analyze customs, beliefs, and ethnic issues of the discussed region. The author mentions also the beliefs of Latvians from the area of Marienhaus and describes traditions related to bread baking in the Podlasie region.

PERSPEKTYWY OCHRONY ŚWIATOWEGO DZIEDZICTWA W POLSCE – CZYLI TENTATIVE LIST I PROPOZYCJE MOŻLIWYCH DO ZGŁOSZENIA KANDYDATUR NA LISTĘ ŚWIATOWEGO DZIEDZICTWA

The article discusses Polish suggestions of new inscriptions into the UNESCO World Heritage List. The waiting items mentioned in the Tentative List were presented. Currently the Polish version of the List numbers 5 items. They are: Gdańsk, Town of Memory and Freedom (2005), The Augustów Canal (2006), The Dunajec River Gorge in the Pieniny Mountains (2006), Extension to the Joint World Heritage Property “Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians (Slovak Republic and Ukraine) and the Ancient Beech Forests of Germany (Germany)” (2015), “Krzemionki”, prehistoric flint mines (2016). Other offered suggestions were also presented: The Jewish Cemetery in Łodz, the Ponds in Milicz – medieval fishponds in central Europe, Nowa Huta, the paper mill – Duszniki Zdrój, the Elbląg Canal, Nikiszowiec as a factory-related housing complex, the cultural landscape of Żuławy area, wooden mosques in the Podlasie Region – Bohoniki and Kruszyniany, the Valley of Palaces and Gardens – the Jeleniogórska Valley, Żyrardów, Warsaw Water Filters and Księży Młyn in Łodz as industrial heritage, the Citadel in Warsaw, and the Słowiński National Park as natural heritage. Among new suggestions the following were indicated: the collegiate church in Pułtusk as an example of Renaissance solutions of linear perspective applied in architecture, the project of a Gothic vault in the church in Szydłowiec as a unique example of the Gothic construction workmanship, and modern wooden churches (e.g. the church in Boguszyce).

INVESTMENT DIFFERENTIATION IN FARMS BELONGING TO MAZOWSZE AND PODLASIE FADN REGION IN THE YEARS 2010-2014

The paper presents the diversity of investments in agricultural holdings belonging to FADN region of Mazowsze and Podlasie in the 2010-2014. To carry out the study the gross and net investment (FADN SE516 and SE521 variable) and the investment subsidies (SE406 variable) were used. The research shows that farms in FADN Mazowsze and Podlasie region have been intensively investing. Their value, however, varied depending on the type of farm and economic size. Field crops (cereals, oilseed and seed crops) reached the highest level of investment in 2010-2014. At the same time, research has confirmed that the economic size of farms directly affects the level of investment in these holdings (higher economic size - higher level of investment).

Antroponimiczne formuły identyfikacyjne oparte na relacji kierunkowej a nazwiska odmiejscowe. Na materiale antroponimii historycznej warstwy chłopskiej okolic Brańska na Podlasiu

The present article discusses the problem of the development of place-name surnames of the peasant class in the area of Bransk in the Podlasie region, which were identical with the surnames of the local gentry. Special emphasis was laid on the issue of identification formulas based on directional relation and on their possible effect on the formation of the pattern of place-name surnames among peasants. The paper also seeks to show the ways in which surnames of that type spread in the studied area. On the basis of the excerpted source material, the study shows how, within one family, often during a long period, there was a co-existence of place-name surnames, occupation-based names, and nickname anthroponyms derived from appellative or first-name bases.