PMMA Nanofibers Research Articles

Optical parameters of PANI.CSA/PMMA nanofibers

Abstract Polyaniline doped with camphor sulphonic/Poly(methyl methacrylate) PANI.CSA/PMMA nanofibers were manufactured by electrospinning technology, where all parameters of the electrospinning system are fixed and the effect of the needle gauge on the properties of the prepared nanofibers is studied at different needle gauge (18, 20, 23 G). The polyaniline was manufactured by aniline-chemical oxidation polymerization. The nanofibers were diagnosed by an FE-SEM scanner to identify the surface morphology of the samples and the diameters of the nanofibers, it shows that nanofibers become more regular and their diameters become smaller as the diameter of the needle decreases. The samples were measured by the analysis of UV-visible spectroscopy, identifying the optical properties of the nanofibers and calculating the energy gap, which was valued ranging from 2.8 eV to 3.2 eV, increased due to the phenomenon of the quantitative restriction. Absorption coefficient and optical constants were also studied as a function of needle gauge.

InP/ZnS Quantum Dots for High-Sensitivity Temperature Sensors.

In this work, we report the synthesis of high-quality, nontoxic InP/ZnS core-shell quantum dots (QDs). The temperature-dependent optical properties such as photoluminescence (PL), absorption, and PL decay with time have been investigated. Based on the temperature dependence of optical properties of QDs, three different configurations of temperature sensors using PMMA as the QD host material were fabricated. The temperature sensor configurations are planar thin-film (InP/ZnS QD)/PMMA deposited on a Si wafer (sensor 1), (InP/ZnS QD)/PMMA-filled borosilicate fibers (sensor 2), and InP/ZnS QD-doped electrospun PMMA nanofibers deposited on a Si wafer (sensor 3). After fabrication, the performance of the temperature sensors have been thoroughly investigated through photoluminescence reversibility tests in consecutive heating-cooling cycles, and the sensitivity of the sensors has been calculated. The three sensors have shown different critical reversible temperatures above which they go through irreversible structural damage and lose their reversibility. The highest critical reversible temperature of 95 °C and the highest sensitivity of 2.1% °C-1 have been achieved, which are comparable to Cd- and dye-based temperature sensors reported to date. The sensors were found to be highly stable, which demonstrated negligible degradation even after 30 days of exposure to ambient conditions. The InP/ZnS QD-based optical temperature sensors can be considered to be a potential replacement for toxic heavy-metal QD-based optical temperature sensors.

Triple Encapsulation and Controlled Release of Vancomycin, Rifampicin and Silver from Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) or Poly (Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) Nanofibers.

Although the incidence of infections in orthopedic surgeries, including periprosthetic surgeries, remains low at approximately 1-2%, the number of surgeries and the incidence of drug-resistant bacteria is increasing. The cost and morbidity associated with revision surgeries are huge. More effective drug combinations and delivery methods are urgently needed. In this paper, three anti-infective drugs (vancomycin, rifampicin, and silver sulfadiazine) have been jointly and effectively electrospun in thin (0.1 mm) flexible nanofiber mats of either poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). The inclusion of poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) enabled optimal drug release with a reduced water contact angle for wetting. The controlled release of these three agents from 20% PEG (w/w to polymer)-blended PMMA or PLGA nanofiber mats may allow for the prophylactical prevention of implant-related infections or provide methods to treat orthopedic infections at the time of revision surgeries. These combinations of drugs provide excellent additive or synergistic antibiotic action against a broader spectrum of bacteria than each drug alone.

Manufacturing of TiO2, Al2O3 and Y2O3 Ceramic Nanotubes for Application as Electrodes for Printable Electrochemical Sensors

This paper describes the process to obtain ceramic nanotubes from titanium dioxide, alumina and yttrium oxide by a feasible, replicable and reliable technology, including three stages, starting from an electrospinning process of poly(methyl methacrylate) solutions. A minimum diameter of 0.3 μm was considered optimal for PMMA nanofibers in order to maintain the structural stability of covered fibers, which, after ceramic film deposition, leads to a fiber diameter of 0.5–0.6 μm. After a chemical and physical analysis of the stages of obtaining ceramic nanotubes, in all cases, uniform deposition of a ceramic film on PMMA fibers and, finally, a uniform structure of ceramic nanotubes were noted. The technological purpose was to use such nanotubes as ingredients in screen-printing inks for electrochemical sensors, because no study directly targeted the subject of ceramic nanotube applications for printed electronics to date. The printing technology was analyzed in terms of the ink deposition process, printed electrode roughness vs. type of ceramic nanotubes, derived inks, thermal curing of the electrodes and the conductivity of electrodes on different support (rigid and flexible) at different curing temperatures. The experimental inks containing ceramic nanotubes can be considered feasible for printed electronics, because they offer fast curing at low temperatures, reasonable conductivity vs. electrode length, good printability on both ceramic or plastic (flexible) supports and good adhesion to surface after curing.

A fluorescence microscopy based gas sensing approach to detect NO2 with perylene doped PMMA thin films and nanofibers

The use of a simple fluorescence microscopy-based image analysis method for quantitative gas detection experiments is presented. The method can help study many aspects of gas sensing where visualization and spatially resolved measurements are necessary. In this initial study, the basic parameters of gas sensing such as the sensitivity and responsivity of the microscopy-based image analysis method were compared to, and shown to be better than the more commonly used UV-Vis spectrophotometer-based measurements, for the specific case of detecting NO2 gas using perylene dye doped PMMA (P-PMMA) thin films and individual nanofibers. A film thickness study was performed to identify that the responsivity and sensitivity of the films are controlled by NO2 diffusion.

High-Energy-Density and Long-Lifetime Lithium-Ion Battery Enabled by a Stabilized Li2O2 Cathode Prelithiation Additive.

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) typically suffer from large irreversible capacities caused by active lithium loss during formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) at the anode side. Cathode prelithiation with preloaded additives has emerged as an effective strategy to solve the above issue. With ultrahigh theoretical capacity, Li2O2 serves as an excellent cathode prelithiation additive, whereas poor ambient stability limits its further development. In this study, we report a surface protection strategy to enable ambient processing of the Li2O2 additive. Li2O2 is well confined in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanofibers (P-Li2O2) via electrospinning, which exhibits greatly enhanced ambient stability compared with the unprotected one. Notably, when P-Li2O2 is preloaded in LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cathodes (NCM-P-Li2O2), PMMA nanofibers remain stable during cathode slurry processing but readily dissolve in electrolytes and expose Li2O2 for effective electrochemical oxidation. Fabrication of P-Li2O2 allows systematic investigation of prelithiation behavior in full cells (NCM-P-Li2O2 cathodes paired with Si/Graphite anodes) and its impact on the electrochemical performance. Rational tuning of the prelithiation degree provides guidance for optimizing the amount of the cathode additive, which brings appealing cell lifetime and energy density.

Charge transport mechanisms in free-standing devices with electrospun electrodes

Embedding electronic and optoelectronic devices in common, daily use objects is a fast developing field of research. New architectures are needed for migrating from the classic wafer- based substrates. Novel types of flexible PMMA/Au/Alq3/LiF/Al structures were obtained starting from electrospun polymer fibers. Thus, using an electrospinning process poly (methyl metacrylate) (PMMA) nanofibers were fabricated. A thin Au layer deposition rendered the fiber array conductive, this being further employed as the anode. The next steps consisted of the thermal evaporation of tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (Alq3) and aluminum deposition as the cathode. The Au covered PMMA nanofiber layer had a similar behavior with an indium tin oxide film i.e. low sheet resistance 10.6 Ω/sq and high transparency. The low electrode resistivities allow an electron drift mobility of about 10–6 cm2 V−1 s−1 at a low applied field, similar to the counterpart structures based on thin films. Concerning the relaxation processes in these structures, the Cole–Cole plots exhibit a slightly deformed semicircle, indicating a more complex equivalent circuit for the processes between metal electrodes and the active layer. This equivalent circuit includes reactance equivalent processes at the anode, cathode, in the active layer and most probably originates from the roughness of the metallic electrodes.

PMMA nanofibers containing Keplerate-type polyoxometalate and metronidazole: Preparation and wound-healing effect in a rat model

Wound healing is crucial because it entails a complex cellular process that complicates the design of scaffolds for therapeutic purposes. Present study is focused on the development of a new wound dressing based on polymethyl methacrylate nanofibers containing Mo72Fe30 as a Keplerate-type polyoxometalate with efficient and controlled delivery of metronidazole during wound healing. The hydrophilic nature of biocompatible Mo72Fe30 along with the antibiotic and wound healing properties of metronidazole were utilized to develop an efficient wound dressing. The efficient and controlled release of metronidazole was assisted by the presence of Keplerete as an anion and metronidazole as a cation. The nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning of appropriate solution and characterized by FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, TGA, and elemental analysis. The surface wettability, microstructure, water absorption capacity, mechanical properties, in-vitro biocompatibility, drug release behavior, and in-vivo wound healing of prepared dressings were also evaluated. The in-vivo animal studies (injury created on the back of Wistar rats) showed the complete healing of wounds after 14 days of being covered by wound dressing compared to a sterile gauze, which shows approximately 45% reduction in wound size. The amounts of wound closure using dressing were found to be 95.26 and 97.97% after 7 and 14 days of wounding, respectively. The overall results indicated the high potential of these nanofiber-based dressings for wound healing.

Injectable nanofiber-polysaccharide self-healing hydrogels for wound healing

Injectable self-healing hydrogels of natural polysaccharides that mimic the extracellular matrix to promote cellular growth are attractive materials for wound healing. Here, a novel hydrogel was fabricated based on carboxymethyl chitosan (CS) and aldehyde functionalized sodium alginate via Schiff base reaction. To enhance the hydrogel's properties, carboxymethyl-functionalized polymethyl methacrylate (PMAA) short nanofibers were obtained through sodium hydroxide-treated polymethyl methacrylate nanofibers, and added to a CS solution. Gelation time was determined for different hydrogels including 0–5 mg/mL PMAA short nanofibers. The nanofiber hydrogels were tested for their injectability and self-healing abilities and were demonstrated to be easily injectable with excellent self-healing abilities. Additionally, in vitro cytocompatibility experiments, good interaction between the cultured cells and hydrogels was seen. Further, the polysaccharide hydrogel containing short PMMA nanofibers significantly facilitated wound healing in rats compared with the polysaccharide hydrogel and control groups. Thus, the developed hydrogel has great potential for wound healing applications.

Multilayer adsorption and kinetic studies of dyes on pure and structurally modified poly(methyl methacrylate) electrospun nanofibers

Natural fibers and materials are well known for adsorption studies, whereas synthetic fibers have not received enough attention in this field. Therefore, an attempt is made here to study the adsorption properties of synthetic poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanofibers and methods for improving or modifying their adsorption properties. PMMA nanofibers are prepared by the most recent electrospinning technique and the structural, and hence, the adsorption properties of the PMMA nanofibers are modified by preparing them in surface-roughened and coaxial hollow forms through electrospinning. Studies of the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) and brilliant green (BG) dyes by the three types of PMMA nanofiber demonstrate that all the PMMA nanofibers show a certain amount of adsorption. Fiber samples that had adsorbed MB and BG were subjected to various adsorption isotherms which confirmed the multilayer adsorption properties of the fiber samples by satisfying various isotherms, mainly the Freundlich and Elovich adsorption isotherms. Kinetic studies of pure and structurally modified PMMA nanofibers that had adsorbed MB and BG dyes proved that the intraparticle diffusion model applied to these fiber samples. Here, it is also shown that the adsorption properties of electrospun synthetic fibers can be further improved by structural modification using the possibilities of electrospinning.

Desalination by direct contact membrane distillation using a superhydrophobic nanofibrous poly (methyl methacrylate) membrane

A practical, high-productive and superhydrophobic nanofibrous membrane was firstly introduced for membrane distillation (MD) process using poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and the electroblowing process. Wrinkled PMMA nanofibers demonstrated nano/micro-structure improving hydrophobicity greatly. Direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) performance of the cold-pressed nanofibrous PMMA membrane was assessed using 35 and 150 g/L saline feed waters for 24 h and the results were compared with commercial polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polypropylene (PP) membranes. The PMMA membrane exhibited highest permeate flux (41.04 and 35.94 kg/m2 h for 35 and 150 g/L feeds, respectively) with stable electrical conductivity (EC) (˂ 5 μS/cm) resulting from superhydrophobicity (164.2°) and high liquid entry pressure (LEP) of 227.3 kPa. Although the commercial membranes presented good DCMD performance for 35 g/L feed, partial pore wetting with final EC of 11.93 and 17.62 μS/cm was measured for the PTFE and PP membranes using 150 g/L feed, respectively. The nanofibrous PMMA membrane is a promising applicant for conducting promising desalination using the DCMD process considering high production rate, simplicity of fabrication process and cost-effectiveness.

Fabrication and Characterization of Multifunctional Curcumin Loaded Poly(methyl methacrylate) Fluorescent Nanofiber Membrane.

This work aims at the development of curcumin loaded poly(methyl methacrylate) (CC-PMMA) fluorescent nanofiber membrane and the evaluation of its multifunctional characteristics. The nanofibers were created by electrospinning method. The conditions of the spinning were optimized to obtain beadless and smooth nanofibers. The physico-chemical characteristics of the nanofibers were studied by various techniques including, polarizing light microscope, FT-IR, inverted epi fluorescence microscope and HR-TEM. The HR-TEM results confirm the formation of nanofibers with the diameter in the range of 90-200 nm. The average width of PMMA and CC-PMMA nanofibers are ˜90±0.02 nm and ˜110±0.01 nm, respectively. The CC-PMMA nanofibers exhibited the fluorescence shift with an emission around 520 nm. The multifunctional characteristic of CC-PMMA nanofiber was evaluated for sensor and antibacterial applications. The CC-PMMA nanofiber membrane showed a visible color variation from yellow to red on interaction with ammonia. This colorimetric response to ammonia is highly selective and there was no any interference from other related organic vapors. In addition, it showed good antibacterial activities for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (zone of inhibition of 27 mm for S. aureus). This is the initial research report in the combination of curcumin and PMMA nanofiber. The multifunctionality of the CC-PMMA nanofibers could be exploited for various applications including sensors, antibacterial coatings, air filtration and drug delivery.

Bioactive response of PMMA coating obtained by electrospinning on ISO5832-9 and Ti6Al4V biomaterials

Abstract Degenerative diseases, such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and accidents can cause hip problems and injuries leading to a necessary hip prosthetic replacement. Acetabular and femoral prosthesis parts, consisting of special alloys of steel and titanium, are fixed to the bones using orthopedic cement based on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). With aim of improving implant material properties in terms of compatibility with the human body, were evaluated the bioactive responses of ISO 5832-9 steel and Ti6Al4V alloy coated with electrospun PMMA nanofibers. The electrospinning technique is widely used due to the possibility of easily producing fibers within nano or micrometric scale using a low cost, simple experimental apparatus that allows large-scale production. In this work the metallic substrates were submitted to surface pretreatments with sanding alone or in combination with acid etching. After deposition by electrospinning, the surfaces were characterized morphologically, chemically, and for roughness. PMMA fibers were obtained, with nanometric diameter, forming a uniform and homogeneous layer over both metal sample surfaces without appreciable differences in adhesion. The sanded surface, being a one-step process, was chosen for the next step. Fibroblasts were grown on the sample surfaces, for seven days, to determine biocompatibility. Electrospinning Induced Surface Activation (EISA) was used to incorporate hydroxyl radicals into the PMMA chain to produce hydroxylated PMMA, that was later redissolved and electrospun into nanofibers. Both samples (PMMA and PMMA-OH nanofibers) resulted in good cell adhesion properties. However, a denser cell monolayer was observed on the hydroxyl-terminated sample, indicating better cell-material interaction. Hydroxyl (OH) functionalized molecules can regulate cell behavior acting as a linker capable of reacting with proteins, thus accelerating cell growth, migration, differentiation, synthesis of extracellular matrix components, and tissue morphogenesis. By a simple two-step methodology it was possible to obtain electrospun hydroxyl functionalized bioactive PMMA nanofibers deposited on metallic implant samples with an increased cell response.

Structurally modified electrospun poly(methyl methacrylate) nanofibers as advanced host matrices for PbS quantum dots

AbstractThe present work deals with the studies of the host matrix nature of pure and structurally modified surface roughened and coaxial hollow electrospun poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanofibers to lead sulphide (PbS) quantum dots. The various structural and molecular analyses conducted on these samples proved the advancements and structural modifications made in the properties of pure PMMA nanofibers by electrospinning and selective dissolution. The successful incorporation of the quantum dots to pure and structurally modified PMMA nanofibers and hence the host matrix nature of these nanofibers is proved by different spectral analyses of the samples. The coaxial hollow PMMA nanofibers are found to be the best host matrix among these PMMA nanofibers as proved by the optical studies of the samples. Photoluminescence analyses of the samples showed the influence of these quantum dots on the optical properties of PMMA nanofibers. It is observed here that, the quantum dots enhance the intensity of coaxial hollow PMMA nanofibers to about four times than its virgin form. The pure and structurally modified PMMA nanofibers incorporated with PbS quantum dots are proved to be efficient for the degradation of methylene blue dye where coaxial hollow PMMA nanofibers incorporated with PbS quantum dots is the best.

Studies on the structural and optical properties of pure and structurally modified electrospun poly(methyl methacrylate) nanofibers incorporated with lanthanide complex

ABSTRACT Pure, surface-roughened and coaxial hollow poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanofibers are produced through electrospinning. These nanofibers are incorporated with synthesized neodymium β-diketonate complex. Structurally modified PMMA nanofibers show the best host matrix nature to neodymium complex. Neodymium complexes have significant contribution on the optical properties of these fibers with enhanced photoluminescence intensity and blue shift in peaks. The advancements made in the optical and structural properties of pure and structurally modified electrospun PMMA nanofibers are further improved by neodymium complexes. This intensity enhanced pure and structurally modified PMMA nanofibers incorporated with neodymium complex can be used in lasers and optical devices.

Intensity-dependent two-photon absorption and its saturation in 2-methyl 4-nitroaniline nanofibers

The Nonlinear absorption and its optical limiting properties of 2-methyl 4-nitroaniline-polymethylmethacrylate (2M4NA-PMMA) electro-spun nanofibers are investigated by Z-scan technique using Q switched Nd:YAG laser as an excitation source (532 nm, 5 ns, 10 Hz). Open-aperture measurements show that 2M4NA-PMMA nanofibers exhibit reverse saturable absorption. Intensity-dependent two-photon absorption coefficient demonstrates the presence of sequential two-photon absorption process involving real resonant intermediate states. The incorporation and orientation of 2M4NA in PMMA nanofibers are analyzed by XRD and it is found to range from 38 nm to 43 nm of crystallite size. SEM images illustrate the formation of smooth fibers using electrospinning by applying different voltages (12, 14, 17 kV). Ground-state absorption analysis shows that the nanofibers possess maximum absorption around 400 nm with a optical transmittance window (410–1200 nm) in the wide range of entire visible and NIR region. Lower optical limiting threshold (0.97 to 1.79 × 1012 W/m2) of 2M4NA-PMMA nanofibers ensures the suitability of optical fibers as optical limiters towards the development of laser goggles for pulsed green laser.

Reinforcing antibacterial hydrogels through electrospun nanofiber layers for soft tissue engineering

Hydrogels are polymeric substances with hydrophilic features, which make them capable of holding large volume of liquids in their three-dimensional network structures. Hydrogels are finding wide ranges of applications in several biomedical, industrial, and environmental fields. In this study, hydrogels were prepared using chitosan powders, and reinforced with electrospun poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly vinyl chloride (PVC) nanofibers. The chitosan hydrogels were produced by dissolving chitosan in 1% acetic acid solution and mixing thoroughly. Gentamycin, an antibacterial agent, was also added to further increase the effectiveness of hydrogels for biomedical purposes. The prepared hydrogels were subjected to swelling, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and compression tests. The test results showed that hydrogel provided very high-water absorption capacity (10–11 folds). FTIR studies conducted on the hydrogel samples with different percentages of inclusions revealed that some of the compounds were covalently bonded in the structures, which directly affect the mechanical strength and liquid absorption capacity. The compression tests performed at different loads indicated that PVC and PMMA nanofibers reinforced hydrogels provided up to 75% much higher compression strengths when compared to the base-case (without any reinforcement).

Structurally modified poly(methyl methacrylate) electrospun nanofibers as better host matrix for noble metal nanoparticles

AbstractPoly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanofibers are proved as good host matrix for various nanomaterials. Here, the possibilities offered by the process of electrospinning are exploited for the production of pure and structurally modified surface roughened and coaxial hollow PMMA electrospun nanofibers with unique advantages and surface characteristics, which is proved through various structural analyses. The host matrix nature of these pure and structurally modified surface roughened and coaxial hollow PMMA nanofibers to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are proved through different structural and morphological analyses. The host matrix nature of pure and structurally modified surface roughened and coaxial hollow PMMA nanofibers to AuNPs are compared with that of pure PMMA nanofibers by comparing their structural and optical properties. It is found here that, the surface roughened PMMA nanofibers act as better host matrix with more uniform distribution of particles and intensity enhancement than the pure and coaxial hollow PMMA nanofibers. Pure and coaxial hollow PMMA nanofibers show almost two times enhancement in intensity while the surface roughened PMMA nanofibers show almost five times enhancement in intensity after incorporating AuNPs. The host matrix nature of PMMA nanofibers is thus proved to be improved by making structural modifications on PMMA nanofibers in a simple and cost‐effective way. This makes them more suitable and adaptable in their applications. This superior property of surface roughened PMMA nanofibers over pure PMMA nanofibers can be used in all the application fields of PMMA nanofibers like optical works, catalytically supporting agents, antibacterial supporting systems and so on.

Composite of TiO2 nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes loaded on poly(methyl methacrylate) nanofibers: Preparation and photocatalytic performance

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are widely used in the preparation of composite functional materials with improved performance due to their unique electrical, mechanical properties and one-dimensional nanostructure. In this paper, the composite of TiO2 nanoparticles and acid-treated carbon nanotubes distributed on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanofibers was fabricated by sequential treatments of electrospinning, hydrothermal synthesis and freeze-drying. The resulting ternary composite of TiO2/CNTs/PMMA, which is featured with a specific surface area of 83.2 m2/g, effectively photodegraded a series of dyes, such as methyl blue, Rhodamine B, Sulforhodamine B and methyl orange (MO). In particular, complete degradation of MO (10 mg/L, 100 mL) was accomplished with TiO2/CNTs/PMMA (20 mg) in 40 min under UV irradiation. Moreover, the high photocatalytic activity of the ternary composite, which is superior to that of TiO2/PMMA, did not deteriorate during consecutive photodegradation tests up to ten runs. The photocatalytic mechanism of TiO2/CNTs/PMMA has been explored. The desirable high photocatalytic activity, excellent stability and easy recyclability of the ternary composite is attributed to the introduction of CNTs and the electrospun PMMA nanofiber support.

Random laser in dye-doped electrospun nanofibers: Study of laser mode dynamics via temporal mapping of emission spectra using Pearson's correlation

The development of optically active flexible nanostructures has been pursued in the last years owing to their potential application in photonic devices. Herein, we report a random laser architecture based on a flexible Rhodamine B-doped PMMA nanofibers produced via electrospinning technique with 1% and 5% (w/w) of dye. The lower concentrated sample provided only incoherent emission due to the low absorption mean free path. The most concentrated one provided both coherent and incoherent random laser emission depending on the position of the sample the excitation took place. Pearson's correlation coefficient maps showed a clear correspondence with the already established mode locking transition in random laser. A temporal mapping of successive emission spectra was performed, which provided qualitative information about mode competition dynamic when applied to coherent emission spectra and a highly sensitive way of tracking line widening and red/blueshift in incoherent random laser emission spectra. The developed system can be further employed to design novel miniaturized chemical and temperature sensors.