Plurality Of Practices Research Articles

A comunicação interna em contextos organizacionais e a criação de cenas de dissenso

In this text we argue that the critical perspective of organizational communication is fundamental and promising to understand the interactions and tensions of power in the internal organizational environment and in its relationship with society. Our approach highlights the complex web of relationships and passages among individual, collective, intersubjective relationships and the cultural context in which they develop, in the balance between arrangements and strategic disarrangements of the logics and rationalities that define interactional episodes of resistance in scenes of dissensus. We reflect on how the meanings built up in organizational interactions are always political and created from sufficiently porous power relations for the insurgency of contestation infrapolitics. Thus, internal communication can be both a mechanism for controlling and maintaining dominant interests and a way of reconfiguring and re-signifying spaces, temporalities and codes in plural practices of resistance and insistence.

Are Women Getting (More) Justice? Malaysia's Sharia Courts in Ethnographic and Historical Perspective

Religious law is commonly understood as deeply conservative and unfriendly to women, even when it is reform oriented and “this-worldly.” This essay challenges that understanding. It does so by engaging the practice and lived entailments of Islamic family law and gender pluralism in Malaysia, based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted since the late 1970s. My research reveals that sharia courts are more timely and flexible in responding to women's claims than in decades past, and that these courts are more inclined to punish husbands who transgress sharia family law bearing on women. In addition, women nowadays have far more access to resources for negotiating marriage, its dissolution, and the aftermath. This is not to say that women and men experience marriage, divorce, or the sharia juridical field as social equals; they do not. But this situation is changing in ways that benefit women as long as they embrace increasingly salient and restrictive codes of obedience and heteronormativity. More broadly, the essay problematizes tensions and oppositions between Islamic law and women's rights that are the subject of considerable scholarly debate and contributes to our understanding of the complex entanglements of religion and law.

Social practice, plural lifestyles and health inequalities in the United Kingdom.

Persistent health inequalities pose a continued research and policy challenge in the United Kingdom and elsewhere. Current approaches to health research and promotion are predicated on a distinction between wider, social structural causes and individual, health‐related behaviours often conceived of as lifestyle choices. Drawing on Bourdieu's theory of social practice, this paper develops an integrated perspective by observing associations between health and structured lifestyle practices. Using the UK Understanding Society household survey, a taxonomy of eight lifestyle clusters is identified, which exhibit significant health inequalities on a number of indicators. But the plurality of practices and subjective orientations inherent in the taxonomy reveals a finer, more complex differentiation of the social gradient in health. In addition, lifestyle appears to at least in parts mediate the relationship between social, material conditions and health. A feature of the taxonomy is that it admits a relational and contextual apprehension of health‐relevant, behavioural aspects within a more holistic notion of lifestyles. Based on this view, strategic approaches can be developed that respond to group‐specific situations and pathways and their varying roots in upstream or downstream domains of policy.

Plurality in Question: Zimbabwe and the Agonistic African Novel

Abstract This essay argues for a structuralist approach to reading the recurrence of formal, geographic, and epistemological schisms in the Zimbabwean novel from the 1970s through today. The essay makes this claim within a wider context of plurality's fetishization in African literary studies and postcolonial theory. Whereas the postcolonial-cum-global field tends to prioritize categorical expansiveness and dissolution in African writing, equating structural and conceptual more-than-oneness with pluralism of a clearly political expression, “Plurality in Question” suggests that a robust pluralist practice in fact demands categorical delineation and opposition. In this way, Zimbabwean writers' frequent reliance on binary oppositions becomes the starting point for theorizing an argumentative novel form, which responds to but may not directly reflect the antipluralist commitments of lived imperial and/or nationalist politics. In the context of African literature specifically, the essay also offers a new through-line connecting key liberation-era fiction (e.g., Charles Mungoshi, Dambudzo Marechera) with some of its current transnational successor texts (e.g., NoViolet Bulawayo, Christopher Mlalazi).

Pandillas, cuadrillas y barras de fútbol: prácticas plurales de la juventud

El artículo hace una aproximación a los conceptos pandilla, cuadrilla juvenil y barra organizada de fútbol. En la introducción, expongo cómo diferentes sectores sociales, incluso académicos, hablan indiferenciadamente de una y otra noción. En algunos casos se homologan y se piensan como prácticas directamente relacionadas. En un segundo apartado, discutiré una propuesta teórica: prácticas plurales de la juventud, idea que retomo de Zúñiga (2016) y Lahire (2005) para referirme al conjunto de situaciones juveniles referentes a estas asociaciones, las cuales trataré de definir en el tercer apartado para, a su vez, identificar sus diferencias objetivas y similitudes subjetivas. En el cuarto apartado, presento dos casos experienciales que apoyarán la sección anterior (distancias y cercanías entre las prácticas juveniles referidas). Se enfatiza en la pluralidad de sentidos de estas dinámicas. En la quinta y última sección (conclusiones), sintetizaré las ideas esbozadas en el texto.

Menggagas Pesantren Pluralis: Rekontruksi Sistem Pendidikan Pesantren dalam Bingkai Pluralisme

Abstract: Pesantren, which in teaching is more emphasis on religion, making education pattern which tend to dichotomic impression. Pesantren should provide various opportunities for expanding the curriculum that intersect and are familiar with science and modern methodology. Important figures involved in the world of boarding schools also have to engage in dialogue for the practice of teaching culture is not too dogmatic. In addition, the interpretation does not claim any absolute truth, so that it can emancipatory. Such practices if realized will be come a binding system, and can release from the perception of dichotomic boarding education. Pesantren doing reconstruction on the pattern to burn into a system that aligned with the dynamics of contemporary society. Which this framework, expected learning the practice of pluralism in Islamic boarding schools can succeed.
 Keywords: Pluralism, Education, School, Reconstruction, and the System.

Policing Actors, Plural Processes and Hybridisation: Histories of Everyday Policing Practice in Central Nigeria

The focus of this paper is to account for plural and hybrid dynamics of everyday policing practice in selected areas of central Nigeria. I argue that it is the plurality of actors and the plurality of practice that constitute hybrid context of security provisioning. It then follows that the conceptualisation of policing as I have used it and argued from the historical study but also the current state of affairs is a mode of statecraft, a means of governing, situated within a plural landscape, that is shaped by political, economic and social interest. Furthermore, the paper demonstrates how plural policing is a product of forms of policing socialisation. The main point that emerges therefore is that violent practices of policing actors are adopted and imbibed not just from a history of the formation and development of state security institutions, but also influenced by wider Nigerian political and social history. State power in the socio-political context I have studied, has always been accompanied or preceded by violence. Routinised violence therefore relates to forms and practices of legitimated violence inherent in policing authorities. Furthermore, the paper argues that alongside these particularly violent forms of policing are the everyday civic policing services, that policing actors render. Policing practice entails normal everyday civic responsible policing and violent everyday practice – all are constitutive of policing practice. In sum, and in conclusion the paper explores how policing practices impact on citizens, particularly as it relates to the processes of policing, the plurality of actors, and the accountability of policing actors.

France and the fattened American: animality, consumption and the logic of gavage

This article uses the controversy sparked by the 2012 California foie gras ban as springboard for conceptualizing French and Francophone objections to US cultural imperialism and the so-called “obesity epidemic.” In particular, it explores the controversial practice of force-feeding or gavage as a way of examining how ideas about feeding and fattening animalize fat people in subtle ways. It argues that, as a form of consumption involving asymmetrical (and often sexualized, racialized and classed) relations of power, the logic of gavage invokes a plurality of practices for different ends – interpersonal as well as intrapersonal, cultural and cross-cultural – that frame the collective body of “America” as a fattened, but also fattening, “beast.” By probing the complex and unstable network of relationships that gavage signifies and enacts, it shows that animalized representations of the fat American pivots on issues germane to many discussions of “obesity” in general.

Treatment of silence as misrepresentation in contracts

PurposeThis paper aims to provide a comparative discussion on silence as a misrepresentation in contractual obligations between common law and Islamic law. The objective of this paper is to – from a legal pluralism point of view – highlight the contrasts between the two traditions and provide recommendations for best practices to achieve fairness and equity among the contracting parties. While common law does not treat silence as conscious misrepresentation, in Islamic law, silence does not constitute affirmative will. This has repercussions for the contracting parties because if future disputes arise, the aggrieved party in Islamic law reserves the option to rescind or nullify the contract – an opportunity not afforded by common law. We have discussed and analyzed the implementations of the different contractual terms, such as fraud, misrepresentation, trickery and deception in relation with Islamic law principles and common law practices. This research is an effort to draw the attention for further development in both Islamic law and common law practices on contractual obligation. The notion of misrepresentation – subset of a broader gamut of fraud – is arguably nebulous in Islamic literature as well. We delve into these nuances and provide examples both from common law and Islamic law precedents and provide recommendations for reform in both traditions.Design/methodology/approachThis paper operates under qualitative methodological framework and uses secondary sources for analysis. Sources include journal databases, review of cases, classical/medieval Islamic scripts, etc.FindingsThis paper provides a general comparative study between common law’s principle and practice and Islamic law’s principle to forge a better understanding of fine-tuning existing practice and contribute to the debate on determining the best practices to unify international trade and custom exercise. Common law principle, obviously, holds a historical and traditional reputation as those principles are derived from long years of practice and judicial interpretation. Such historical legal system should accommodate fresh ideas in their repertoire and welcome novel ideas which would positively influence its own practice. This paper affords the freedom to the reader to interpret which general principle is acceptable in terms of contractual obligation.Originality/valuePrevious works exist on the issue of misrepresentation. However, those are mostly explanations of fraud and deceit in Islamic law or common law. The treatment of silence as affirmative will is seldom touched upon. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first attempt at contrasting the treatment of silence in common and Islamic law. They have also advocated pluralistic practices and argued for legal reform whereby both traditions can benefit from each other.

Lavorare ai tempi dell'economia digitale. Le trasformazioni del lavoro nel contesto del capitalismo cognitivo e dell'economia delle piattaforme

The contribution concerns the transformations of work in the context of cognitive capitalism and the platform economy. The risks and opportunities associated with this transformation are highlighted and the dark side is critically investigated. Young people are socialized to a new work ethic. They live an individualized, fragmented and de-standardized work experience. They experience overcoming the boundaries between work time and non-work time, as well as the boundaries traditionally placed between work, training, social engagement and leisure. The new organizational forms and the new work ethic find expression in a plurality of practices and new working environments, giving expression to innovative practices but also generating the risk of new forms of exploitation and alienation. The former are usually associated with the development of practices such as collaborative economics and social enterprise, while risks accompany the development of the so-called GIG Economy.

Practices of Using Interviews in History of Contemporary Economics: A Brief Survey

This paper discusses the similarities and differences in the plurality of practices regarding the use of interviews by historians of economics – i.e., either the use of someone else's interviews as sources or the use of interviews conducted by the historian for her or his work.

A critical realist inquiry in conducting interdisciplinary research: an analysis of LUCID examples

Nastar, M., C. S. Boda, and L. Olsson. 2018. A critical realist inquiry in conducting interdisciplinary research: an analysis of LUCID examples. Ecology and Society 23(3):41. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-10218-230341

Interviews: Some Methodological and Historiographical Issues of Oral Sources

This chapter discusses the similarities and differences in the plurality of practices regarding the use of interviews by historians of economics – i.e., either the use of someone else’s interviews as sources or the use of interviews conducted by the historian for her or his work. It draws on methodological and historiographical contributions from other disciplines where the use of interviews is more systematic to characterize the practices in our discipline and to sometimes suggest further or new development.

Practices of Using Interviews in History of Contemporary Economics

This paper discusses the similarities and differences in the plurality of practices regarding the use of interviews by historians of economics – i.e., either the use of someone else's interviews as sources or the use of interviews conducted by the historian for her or his work.

Development of a therapists’ self-report measure of pluralistic thought and practice: the Therapy Pluralism Inventory

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to develop a self-report measure of pluralistic thought and practice. Following pilot development, a 23-item inventory was placed on an online survey site, and 474 participants satisfactorily completed the measure. Respondents were trainee or qualified therapists, predominantly female, based in the UK, and of a humanistic or integrative/eclectic orientation. A principal components analysis resulted in two scales, Pluralistic Philosophy and Pluralistic Practice, which had good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .72 and .80, respectively). Confirmatory factor analysis showed good model fit for this two factor solution. The Therapy Pluralism Inventory (TPI) has potential for use in training and research, although additional validity and normative data are needed.

Rule of Law and Human Rights Challenges in South East Asia: A Case Study of Legal Pluralism in Indonesia

It has been over 72 years since Indonesia proclaimed her independence on 17 August 1945. However, the 350 years of the Dutch colonization is still impacting the lives of the Indonesian people. The difficulties faced by the Indonesian legal system as the government tries to accommodate adat (custom) and religion principles within the national law and the extent to which this legal mechanism affects the everyday life of the Indonesian people. In a nation where customs and religion are so preeminent, setting up an all-inclusive document meant to be the foundation of the state’s legal system at the dawn of independence was no easy task. This paper discusses the practice of legal pluralism in Indonesia and its struggle to implement rule of law and human rights principles after a half-century of authoritarian regimes. The study involves socio-legal research drawing on empirical data. Survey research was conducted between September 2014 and February 2015 at Utrecht University, the Netherlands, as well as in 5 cities in Indonesia (Aceh, Bali, Batam, Medan, and Padang) to collect data. The research reveals that legal pluralism is not helping to strengthen the Indonesian legal system, and that the foreignness of the Western law along with the neglect of the Indonesian customary and Islamic laws, totalitarianism and military involvement in politics, corruption within the state apparatus and unsynchronized laws weaken the legal system in Indonesia and hinder its effort to implement rule of law and human rights principles.

Religious Pluralism in Practice: Defining Secularism in Kenya’s Headscarf Cases

Present day Kenyan society represents a plurality of peoples, ideas and consequently, approaches to life, a state well embodied in the Constitution of Kenya. The apparent diversity presents challenges to the preservation of the multi-coloured nature of the society and at the same time guaranteeing rights and freedoms as envisaged by the 2010 Constitution. The preamble to the Constitution reconciles the two interests by celebrating the ‘ethnic, cultural and religious diversity’ of Kenya and envisioning an existence ‘in peace and unity as one indivisible sovereign nation’. A marriage of diversity and peaceful coexistence requires tolerance in order to balance competing rights. Within Kenya’s plural society, the most visible religion freedom disputes have been between the Christian majority and Muslim minority. Present constitutional clashes between the two religions date back to the Constitution of Kenya, 1963 (Independence Constitution) and its 1969 revision (Repealed Constitution), which granted Kadhis’ courts limited jurisdiction within a 10-mile coastal strip of the country. Following heated debate on matters of religious pluralism during the constitutional review process, the 2010 Constitution introduced a more accommodative framework for religious freedom. These matters will be analyzed in the following lines.

Promoting Pluralism in Counselling: an Untapped Source of Relational Mapping as Therapeutic Process

This paper discusses the merits of pluralism in practice. It argues for a wider recognition of creative and integrative approaches, such as those used in the field of children’s geographies (involving places and spaces), as a way of unlocking practitioner potential and innovation. By re-thinking child and human development, viewing it as socially, culturally and philosophically bound, through the proposed concept of ‘vectors of entanglements’, the author seeks to demonstrate and encourage the application of hybrid approaches across multi-disciplinary fields. Through the use of diagramming and mapping the interconnectedness of relationships across space and place, the therapeutic process is brought to life to encourage practitioners to explore the ‘invisible’ threads that constitute significant meanings to clients.

Reflecting on personal and professional energy stories in energy demand research

As researchers involved in projects to reduce energy demand within buildings we may differ in our discipline, approach and epistemology; however we all share in common our experiences of energy demand within our own homes and workplaces. This paper centres on our status as ‘insiders’ in the research we conduct, exploring its potential impact on the stories of energy we tell through our research. The paper considers ways in which we may craft more creative stories of energy demand by being reflexive researchers, seeking out the ‘productive moment of friction’ where universalising science meets particular personal experiences. Perspectives on the value of so-called ‘anecdote’, along with issues of representativeness are discussed. Ultimately the paper argues for greater recognition of and more explicit attention to the relationship between the stories of energy we experience in our own lives, and those we tell through our research. It does so in the hope of encouraging an acceptance of the partiality of all knowledge, a practice of pluralism, and thus opportunities to move beyond dominant discourses in policy, industry and academia of what is necessary in order to reduce the demand for energy in our buildings.

The multilingual turn in FL education

AbstractThe study reported in this article aimed at exploring the impact of pluralistic pedagogy practices on L3/Ln learners’ reading and writing abilities in a multilingual classroom. Students attended an Intensive Elementary Italian course. The prerequisite to register for this course was knowledge of at least one other Romance Language or previous exposure to the Italian language. Specifically, the investigation examined whether and how the plurilingual system of these learners could affect the development of the language abilities mentioned above. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected using questionnaires and more traditional tests: a writing test and a reading test with a gradual increase in complexity. The results showed that a plurilingual pedagogy facilitated positive interlingual transfers, and consequently the development of both language abilities, particularly writing. It also appeared that connections between reading and writing were established, that is, the improvement of students’ writing skills affected reading comprehension and not vice versa. The development of these language abilities also seemed to be affected by other variables such as the proficiency level of languages present in learners’ plurilingual repertoire. To conclude, possible implications for language teaching/learning are discussed.