Land Plots Research Articles

APPLICATION OF LASER SCANNING DATA IN SOLVING TERRITORIAL PLANNING PROBLEMS

The article aims to thoroughly investigate and analyse the possibilities of using laser scanning data in spatial planning. The main goal is to identify the potential of this technology to improve the efficiency and accuracy of planning processes, particularly in the urban environment. The LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data integration into territorial planning is fundamental to modern urban management frameworks. Using the precise and comprehensive geospatial data obtained through LiDAR scanning provides a reliable basis for conducting in-depth analysis and strategic decision-making in territorial development initiatives. LiDAR technology offers unparalleled accuracy and detail, enabling urban planners to effectively map and visualise various aspects of urban environments, including topography, land use patterns, infrastructure, and natural features. With this extensive information, stakeholders can gain valuable insights into existing spatial dynamics, identify potential areas for development or conservation, and assess the impact of proposed projects on the surrounding landscape. Moreover, integrating LiDAR data facilitates the optimisation of urban resource management processes. City authorities can streamline land use planning, infrastructure development, and environmental management efforts by accurately delineating land plots and infrastructure networks. In turn, it promotes more efficient allocation of resources, minimises operational costs, and enhances overall urban sustainability. Furthermore, LiDAR technology is crucial in enhancing urban resilience and adaptability. Generating high-resolution elevation models and floodplain maps allows urban planners to identify areas prone to natural hazards such as floods, landslides, or coastal erosion. With this knowledge, city planners can implement proactive measures to mitigate risks, improve disaster preparedness, and safeguard community well-being. In contemporary urban challenges, such as climate change and rapid urbanisation, LiDAR technology is becoming increasingly indispensable. By embracing LiDAR technology, urban planners can develop more resilient and sustainable cities better equipped to withstand and adapt to evolving environmental, social, and economic pressures. In essence, the effective utilisation of LiDAR data in territorial planning enhances spatial planning accuracy and fosters innovation, resilience, and sustainability within urban environments. By harnessing the power of LiDAR technology, cities can pave the way toward a more prosperous, equitable, and resilient future for generations to come. Keywords: data, laser scanning, territorial planning, potential, accuracy, efficiency, analysis, prospects.

Capitalist urbanization in the post-neoliberal and de-globalizing world economy: A minor critical engagement with VIP-Urbanism literature

The special issue “Contesting VIP Urbanism” includes timely analytical interventions to contest an increasing tendency to luxury investments in many capitalist cities of the past decades. This essay raises some theoretical and empirical questions concerning the present state of globalization and neoliberalism as two defining characteristics of an era of the global capitalist economy in which both the tendency toward VIP-Urbanism and the approaches criticizing it arise. It aims to extend the discussion on contesting the tendency toward VIP-Urbanism by drawing attention to questions regarding the role of macroeconomic structural forces that enable or hinder urban governance. In response to the changing historical context, the essay proposes developing a multi-scalar and inter-sectoral framework, which also includes reintroducing the national level into urban geographic inquiry to contextualize micro dynamics of investments over individual land plots by individual investors.

Impact of precision irrigation on the unit income of maize production

The study of the economic/economic impact of precision farming should be a priority area in digital agriculture, as the results, profitability, and efficiency indicators can have a significant decision-support effect on the development of both the agronomic and the technical regions of individual farms both in the longer and shorter term. Individual firms, companies, farmers, and family farms quantify the effectiveness of their farming processes. The modern age offers the possibility of digitally recording all the elements of farming technology, making it possible to analyse the cost-effectiveness of a farm more effectively and, in some cases, to carry out more detailed analyses. Nevertheless, the number of farms demonstrating their profitability with such precise economic calculations is still minimal. Our analyses were conducted on a 56,02 ha field of Balogh Farm-Tépe Ltd. The agricultural operations carried out were fully documented so that the inputs (seeds, fertilisers, pesticides, crop enhancers) were recorded in coordinates and kind, as well as the specific yields, grain moisture data, irrigation norms, and irrigation rotations. At the same time, the company's owner provided the data's monetary value. The main econometric indicators (yield, production value, cost of production, income, cost price) related to the evaluation of the enterprise management were evaluated along with the spatial data in the irrigated and non-irrigated tables. Our calculations show that a given year's climatic and market characteristics fundamentally determine the cost and income relations of a plot of land (and thus of an entire farm). In addition to additional inputs, introducing some elements of precision farming and intensification and increasing yields improves yield security and allows for excellent yield stability.

Территориальные комплексы недвижимости и новое законодательство об общей долевой собственности

The article analyses the meaning of the new norms of the Russian Civil Code on common shared ownership of common property of owners of real estate (buildings, structures and land plots) included in territorial complexes. It concludes that the norms of § 2 of Chapter 16 of the Civil Code cannot be considered as a legal basis for the emergence of shared ownership of common property in territorial real estate complexes. The norms of the Civil Code serve as the basis for the emergence of common shared ownership only for owners of premises and parking spaces in buildings and structures. For other real estate complexes consisting of buildings, structures, land plots, either a special law is required, which in this case acts as the basis for the emergence of shared ownership, or a joint expression of the will of all property owners — a transaction. At the same time, Art. 259.1 of the Civil Code opens up the possibility of carrying out such transactions, defines the conditions under which they can be concluded, and the characteristics of the object of such transactions — the common property of the owners of immovable things. The author criticises the conditions provided by law for the emergence of shared ownership of common property — the definition of the boundaries of the common territory and the physical or technological connection of the complex’s objects — and believes that such a condition should be the presence of common property. The proposal for the development of legislation is to establish a unified legal regulation of relations in any territorial real estate complexes, abandoning special laws on certain types of such complexes.

Combining solar panels with plants for sustainable energy and food production: state of the art

The need for alternative energy sources becomes extensive because of the escalating cost of fossil fuels. The goal of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of combining photovoltaics and agriculture for better yield. Photovoltaic (PV) solar plants will compete with farms for available land. In this study, the methodologies are discussed how it is possible to maximize land utilization by placing solar arrays and food crops on the same plot of land. The term is proposed "agrivoltaic system" to describe this setup. Conventional solutions (discrimination of agricultural and energy extracting) were compared to two agrivoltaic schemes with varying density of PV arrays using land equivalent ratios. We utilized a crop model to simulate the amount of sunlight reaching the crop from an array of solar panels and to speculate on the yield reduction that would result from the partial shading. These early findings suggest that agrivoltaic systems may be highly effective; the two densities of PV panels were anticipated to boost worldwide land production by 73%. One possible explanation for the success of these hybrid systems is the presence of facilitation mechanisms analogous to those seen in agroforestry. At the end it is suggested that in places where arable land is rare, new solar plants may find it beneficial to produce both power and food.

Geodata Processing Methodology on GIS Platforms When Creating Spatial Development Plans of Territorial Communities: Case of Ukraine

The article offers a detailed expert analysis on handling spatial information of territorial communities amid administrative and land reforms. The authors have developed multiple methodological recommendations and justified the selection of efficient tools for contemporary GIS systems. It also delves into the essence of GIS technologies, the nuances of working with geodata, and provides a concise overview of the world's most prevalent GIS platforms. The paper outlines an algorithm for developing a land resource management strategy for communities in preparation for land reform. Through the analysis and visualization of spatial data, the paper highlights enhancements in economic valuation and the ability to pinpoint risks and infringements of property rights. The study selects the Cadastr.UA system on the Soft.Farm platform, developed by Ukrainian company Quart Soft, as a notably user-friendly and promising GIS for land accounting and auditing. Research based on the experimental practical application of most functions of GIS Cadastr.UA indicates that this system aligns well with the needs for land plot accounting and auditing within the framework of Ukraine's Public cadastral map. The paper details the practical implementation of GIS technologies, using Cadastr.UA as a case study, and illustrates how to employ selected GIS tools in various scenarios and tasks.

The Impact of Urban Allotment Gardens on Physical and Mental Health in Norway.

In Norway, many communities offer low-rent plots of land on which city dwellers can build summer cottages and grow crops. These allotment gardens serve as recreational escapes from urban life. However, little is known about the impact these gardens have on their members. This study attempts to shed light on today's impact of allotment gardens in a public health setting in Norway. The study was based on 17 semi-structured interviews and 2 in-depth interviews with allotment house owners. Informants were mainly recruited by "snowball sampling". Our data show that maintaining an allotment promotes exercise and provides a positive impact on self-perceived well-being and physical health through outdoor activities. Spending time in the garden contributes to new knowledge and experiences. Owning an allotment garden has provided new knowledge, new skills, new hobbies, and thereby an improvement in lifestyle. The allotment garden has a strong impact on perceived health, well-being, and sense of coherence (SOC) for the individuals. It promotes outdoor activities along with social interaction and can prevent feelings of loneliness and isolation.

PROPOSALS FOR THE LOCATION OF SOCIAL PROTECTION INSTITUTIONS FOR THE ELDERLY IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT

The article discusses the design of social protection institutions in China, their main urban planning directions, which must be based on the current state regulations of the PRC, as well as the DBN (State Building Norms) of Ukraine mentioned in the article. The urban placement of social protection institutions is subordinate to the strategy for the development of the spatial system of settlements. This system of state-guaranteed economic, social, and legal measures provides elderly people with opportunities to overcome the limitations of life activities by creating specialized institutions where inclusive spaces are formed. Defined approaches to the urban placement of these institutions within the city structure include locations in green zones of central city parts, suburbs, and recreational areas of towns and rural settlements. The placement, capacity, and sizes of land plots for social protection institutions must be determined based on the design task, taking into account the requirements of such Ukrainian regulatory acts as: DBN B 2.2-12:2018; DBN B. 2.2-5:2011; DBN V.1.1-7:2016; DBN B 2.3-18:2007; DBN V. 2.2-9: 2018; DBN V. 2.2-16: 2007; DBN V. 2.2-40:2018; DBN V. 2.2 - 10: 2022; DBN V.2.2 -13: 2003; DBN V. 2.2 -16-2018; DBN V. 2.2 - 25: 2009; DBN V.2.2- 11:2002. The location of social protection institutions depends on the chosen development plot because these facilities require adjacent areas to have natural greening, which will facilitate the conduct of rehabilitation and rehabilitation processes within these institutions. The area of green plantings, which will include lawns, flower beds, fruit gardens, and vegetable gardens, must constitute no less than 50% of the plot area of the social protection institution building.

LAND VALUE ASSESSMENT METHODS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE MARKET PRICE OF LAND PLOTS

The paper analyzes the land market, which is part of the wider property market sector, focusing on the many factors that determine its dynamics and complexity. It was determined that the main drivers of land value are geographical location, economic conditions, legislative regulation, political stability, infrastructure and development prospects of the territory. The location of land plots in urbanized or strategically important locations significantly increases their value due to high demand, while plots in remote or less developed areas have a lower value. The article examines the impact of the economic climate, where during periods of economic growth the demand for land increases, leading to higher prices, while economic downturns can lead to lower prices. Land laws, tax policies, and land use regulations are key regulatory factors that have a significant impact on market value. Further prospects for the development of the area, such as plans for the construction of new residential complexes or commercial centers, can also significantly increase the value of land plots. It is noted that according to the International Valuation Standards, the market value is considered as the amount of money for which the property could be transferred as a result of a commercial agreement between knowledgeable and independent parties. The article emphasizes the importance of an integrated approach to the analysis of the land market, which includes the assessment of all potential factors affecting pricing, including the size of the plot and its specific purpose, which determine its market attractiveness and value. The use of combined evaluation methods, such as comparative, profitable and cost, allows to obtain a more accurate assessment of the value of land plots, which is critical for investors, developers and policy decisions. The results of the study can be used by governments to evaluate and revise land legislation, which will contribute to more effective management of land resources. The importance of accurate land valuation for the implementation of successful land reforms that can help ensure the equitable use of land resources.

Is the Path to Citizenship through Property Investment Possible in Russia?

Introduction. Real estate has undoubted investment advantages. Moreover, in a number of countries it is a bridge for simplified obtaining a residence permit or even citizenship. In Russia, the legal regime of immovable property undoubtedly has a number of advantages. The very possibility to have property on the right of private ownership (including land plots) gives owners confidence in the possession and use of real estate. The legislation on real estate is characterized by stability and is less susceptible to change. Low rates of property tax calculated on the cadastral value of the property facilitate the acquisition of real estate. The variety of real estate objects allows citizens and legal entities to own residential and non-residential premises and parking places. With the development of digitalization of state administration, the registration of rights to immovable property has become as simple and accessible as possible, allowing owners to protect their property from fraudulent schemes. Property prices in Russia are steadily rising, which also stimulates investment in this sector. Whether investments in real estate contribute to obtaining citizenship of the Russian Federation in an accelerated (preferential, facilitated, etc.) manner will be shown in this article. Materials and methods. This study is based on: 1) the totality of such methods of scientific cognition as: the dialectical method, which allowed to connect the theory of civil and land law and the practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation; the formal-legal method allowed to analyse legislative norms; the system method allowed to consider the institute of national treatment of foreign citizens in Russia as a system with internal unity and interrelations with other institutions of law (the institute of citizenship, the institute of property rights, etc.); 2) the results of the author's survey of the moderators of My Hectar Programme regarding the demand of foreign citizens for land plots sold under the Programme; 3) analysis of the Decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. Research results. The study found that in Russia, at the constitutional level, foreign citizens are granted national treatment, exceptions to which are provided for by federal laws. Restrictions on the rights of foreigners are stipulated by a number of federal laws. For example, civil legislation has traditionally prohibited ownership of certain categories of land plots. As a response to western sanctions, in March 2022 a special permissive procedure was introduced for citizens of unfriendly countries to acquire ownership of real estate. The legislation on citizenship of the Russian Federation does not provide for any privileges for foreigners to obtain citizenship through investments in the country's economy in general, in real estate and business in particular.Discussion and сonclusion. The Russian Federation policy regarding the rights of foreign citizens to immovable property should continue to be aimed at maximum protection of the interests of national security and sovereignty of the country, and priority opportunities for Russians to acquire real estate. Certainly, the state should stimulate foreign investment. However, in the conditions of aggravation of international relations and threats to Russia's national security, it would be advisable to introduce a permissive procedure for the acquisition of real estate for all foreign citizens, taking into account the foreigner's occupation and the purpose of acquiring real estate, sources of his income, possible links with organizations banned in Russia.

Платить нельзя пользоваться: где муниципалитетам ставить запятую в вопросе взыскания платы за фактическое пользование муниципальными земельными участками

The article discusses the issues of collecting fees for the use of municipal land plots, including the use of land plots with limited turnover, which cause the greatest difficulties in practice.

PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA SERTIPIKAT GANDA PADA PTUN

The diversity of Indonesia's resources from land and sea has been recognized by the world. With this diversity of resources, the country certainly needs a legal umbrella to provide protection so that the potential of these natural resources is maintained into the future. So in this case, the state is in the position of "ruler" which has the authority to regulate the use of existing earth, water and space, as stated in Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. One embodiment of this article is the issuance of the UUPA which provides opportunities Indonesian citizens to own a plot of land in their own name, proven by ownership of a certificate. However, during the journey, a discrepancy was discovered that 1 plot of land was owned by 2 certificates, which created a sense of legal uncertainty for the owner. Therefore, this research will examine whether the problem of double certificates can be resolved at the TUN judicial body. Because this research is legal research, the approach used is a conceptual approach related to the concept of KTUN and TUN procedural law which is supported by a statutory approach using currently applicable provisions such as referring to the Constitution and other derivative regulations, KTUN,

Evaluation of sugar content and bioethanol production of Ethiopian local varieties “Nech Tinkish” and “Hawaye” sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.))

Diversifying the use of climate-smart crops such as sweet sorghum has the potential to solve integrated food, bioenergy, feed, and land management problems. The study’s purpose is to quantify the sugar content of Nech Tinkish (v1) and Hawaye (v2) Ethiopian sweet sorghum varieties and investigate the interaction effect of fermentation parameters to determine their capacity for ethanol production. Sweet sorghum varieties were analyzed to determine their difference in °Brix content by extracting their juices. The juice was clarified using milk lime. Its total soluble sugars, total carbohydrates, and reducing sugars were determined using a digital refractometer, phenol sulfuric acid, and 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid, respectively. A completely randomized factorial was employed to evaluate ethanol production capacity, and the ethanol content was estimated using a potassium dichromate solution. The °Brix results revealed that v2 had a higher sugar concentration than v1. Additionally, the estimated carbohydrate content of the juice ranged from 37.402 to 157.641 g/L. The estimated reducing sugar also varied from 4.644 to 33.412 g/L. Therefore, the estimated reducing sugar showed the hydrolysis of sweet sorghum juice by invertase and sulfuric acid produced more fermentable sugars. Fermentation at 30 °C with pH 4.5 incubated for 4 days yields the highest ethanol, and v2 yields higher (15.31%) ethanol, compared to v1 produced 14.85%. This study showed a basis for the existence of two sugar-rich climate smart sweet sorghum varieties with an extraordinary amount of sugar used as a source of biofuel and food simultaneously in a single plot of land.

ПРЕДПОСЫЛКИ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ИНСТИТУТА САМОРЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ В ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОМ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВЕ

An analysis of the licensing institute and the institute of self-regulation was carried out in the period from 2001 to 2022. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that the tasks laid down in the institution of self-regulation were not fulfilled, as evidenced by negative trends in the risk of injury in construction, an increase in transformation and, presumably, transaction costs in comparison with the licensing institution and other indicators. The intensification of the increase in institutional rent of organizations in the housing construction market through the consolidation of land plots has been revealed. Practical recommendations aimed at institutional transformations of self-regulation in Russian construction have been put forward.

A methodology for feasibility analyses of district heating networks: A case study applied to greenhouse crops

In this article, the preliminary routing, sizing, and cost structure of a heat network that supplies energy, in an agrarian district, to greenhouses located around a cogeneration plant in the municipality of El Ejido (Almería) is presented. A genetic algorithm is employed to select a set of points of consumption (plots of land)–which indirectly determine the network routing over the road network–resulting in a project with a better net present value. To obtain the routing, the Steiner tree problem is solved through an approximation that involves several algorithms derived from graph theory and the use of georeferenced information. The design is constrained to ensure technical feasibility, so that the available thermal power from the plant, averaged for hourly periods over a year, is greater than the demand from the greenhouses. The said demand is calculated through an empty-greenhouse climate model, considering temperature setpoints compatible with the most common crops in the region. According to the results, a network of total length equal to 1.3464 km and an average pipe diameter of 0.1532 m would be required to annually supply 8621.4 MWh of heat to 12 points of consumption. The net present value of the project would be 6 417 900 €, considering a 3% discount rate and useful life of 30 years, with an initial investment cost of 1 723 300 € and an annual operation cost of 15 800 €year−1. A sensibility analysis of the variables with greater economic impact is also presented.

ВІДМІННІСТЬ ВІДОБРАЖЕННЯ НЕМАТЕРІАЛЬНИХ АКТИВІВ У ФІНАНСОВІЙ ЗВІТНОСТІ ЗА ФОРМАМИ МСФЗ ТА НП(С)БО НА ПРИКЛАДІ АГРАРНИХ ФОРМУВАНЬ

Introduction. Over the past ten years, significant changes and improvements have taken place in accounting and auditing, both in legislation and requirements for accounting and auditing. In particular, large enterprises should keep records under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and ideally reflect their performance in financial statements under IFRS forms. On the Balance Sheet of agricultural formations, one of the main assets is land, but since most enterprises rent it, there is a right to use land plots, which is an intangible asset. It is important for users of financial statements, who are interested in information in the field of land relations, to correctly understand the reflected names of articles and financial indicators in reporting. Problem Statement. Intangible assets are divided into different types and groups, but in the financial statements according to NAS for them there is only one article with the general title “Intangible assets.” In accordance with the requirements of IFRS, an entity has the possibility to divide types or groups of intangible assets into separate items. However, in Ukraine there is a problem of imperfection of financial reporting forms under IFRS, which requires in-depth study and wider disclosure of financial reporting items, including intangible assets. The purpose of the article is to distinguish differences between the reflection of financial indicators on intangible assets in the reporting forms under NAS and IFRS in agricultural formations and outline for users of financial statements advantages and disadvantages. Methods. General scientific methods of cognition and the study of phenomena and processes were used; statistical and economic methods of analysis - when summarizing and presenting information on financial indicators of intangible assets in reporting; comparison - when intangible assets are reflected in the financial statements under NAS and IFRS. Results. The article reflects the stages of formation of IFRS in Ukraine, focuses on the reflection of financial indicators in the NAS and IFRS reporting forms on the example of agricultural formations, their advantages and disadvantages, and characterizes the types of intangible assets. Conclusions. In the process of the research , the opinion was formed that the reflection of intangible assets under IFRS reporting is more detailed and informative than under NAS reporting.

ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ МЕХАНИЗМ ИНЖЕНЕРНОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ЗЕМЕЛЬНЫХ УЧАСТКОВ МАЛОЭТАЖНОГО СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА

The article touches upon the urgent issue of the need to develop a segment of low-rise housing construction. The indicators of apartment prices in St. Petersburg and Moscow over the past year are analyzed. Conclusions are drawn about the low level of housing affordability in cities for citizens at the present stage. One of the key barriers to the development of the potential of the low-rise housing construction market, namely the acute shortage of engineering-prepared land plots for construction, is considered. The values of indicators characterizing the state of engineering networks in rural areas are presented. The author's organizational and economic mechanism for the development of a system for providing engineering infrastructure for land plots has been developed. The presented mechanism consists of four stages: planning, organization, control, monitoring, and is also structured according to the priority of sites and methods of financing.

CONCEPTUAL AND TERMINOLOGICAL APPARATUS OF LAND USE AT THE LOCAL LEVEL

It is worth considering that the conceptual and terminological apparatus is an integral part of any scientific field. However, in the context of land use at the local level, especially when considering problems that intersect geography, earth sciences, ecology, agriculture, economics, jurisprudence and other related fields, the relevance of the issue of conceptual and terminological apparatus becomes very obvious. The peculiarity of this field is that its research has a direct applied nature, which requires a deep understanding and definition of certain scientific concepts. The set of these scientific concepts constitutes the conceptual and terminological apparatus that defines the structure and language for further research in the field of land use. In our scientific study, we highlighted the main approaches to defining the category “land relations”. These approaches are primarily, as is known, based on three key terms: ownership, use and disposal of land plots. However, an important concept in our study of the field of land use is the very concept of “land”, which, together with its derivatives, such as “land relations”, “land resources”, “land management”, “land management”, “land use”, “paradigm of land management”, forms a complex conceptual and terminological apparatus, which is currently in an active process of formation. The results of our study of the essence of the conceptual and terminological apparatus related to “land relations” provide grounds for the assertion that land relations have an objective nature and are a socio-economic and ecological process of ownership, use and disposal, which determines the novelty and relevance of our research.

Acquisition of land ownership rights by foreign persons according to the laws of Ukraine and Canada

The article conducts a comparative legal study of the specifics of acquisition and exercise of land ownership by foreigners, stateless persons and foreign legal entities under the legislation of Ukraine and Canada, as a result of which the Canadian experience of legal regulation in the specified area, which is most acceptable for Ukraine, is substantiated. It has been established that in the science of land law of Ukraine, one of the most controversial issues is the possibility, scope, conditions and grounds of granting land ownership rights to foreigners, stateless persons, and foreign legal entities, especially considering the provisions of Art. 13 of the Constitution of Ukraine, which declares all land to be the property of the Ukrainian people. This issue has not been resolved definitively in the land legislation, as access of foreign persons to ownership of agricultural land can be granted only after a positive decision of the All-Ukrainian referendum. The conducted research showed that Canadian legislation provides for the possibility of establishing restrictions on the acquisition of land ownership by foreign entities both at the federal level (a two-year restriction on the purchase of residential real estate, including vacant land plots intended for residential development), and at the level of individual provinces and territories. At the level of the provinces and territories, there are different legal models for restricting the access of foreign persons to the right to ownership of land, primarily for agricultural purposes. There are no legal restrictions on the acquisition of the right to ownership of land by foreign persons in British Columbia, Ontario, Newfoundland and Labrador, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. At the same time, in Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Quebec, the access of foreigners to land ownership is significantly limited, in particular, by establishing the maximum size of land plots that they can acquire on ownership. The article claims that the establishment of restrictions in Canadian legislation on the acquisition of ownership rights to land, primarily for agricultural purposes, is conditioned by the need to ensure priority access to the lands of Canadian citizens and Canadian corporations, which can be a reference point for the settlement of these issues in Ukrainian land law. Canadian legislation, both at the federal level and at the level of individual provinces and territories, provides effective mechanisms of legal responsibility in the event of violation of legal restrictions on foreign persons' access to land ownership, which should be provided for in Ukrainian legislation.

Some issues of ensuring the restoration of land in the conditions of the development of market relations

The article is devoted to topical issues of ensuring the restoration of land in the conditions of the development of market relations. The legislative support for the formation and development of the agricultural land market has been studied. Negative processes are analyzed in detail regarding the current state of lands, the most threatening characteristics of which are their degradation and desertification, and the reasons for the rapid deterioration of their condition in recent years. It is emphasized that the formation of the land market consists of two elements: the land market for agricultural and non-agricultural purposes. The concepts of "land turnover^ and "land marketn are defined. It is noted that the conversion of land plots is carried out both in the conditions of the establishment and development of market relations, and in the conditions of the absence of a land market. The problem of preserving the quality of land, soil fertility, their protection and timely restoration in the conditions of change of owners and tenants of agricultural lands in the conditions of the development of market relations is investigated. Scientific works of scientists on the solution of the specified problem are cited. The influence of the qualitative state of land on the value of land plots and the peculiarities of determining their normative and expert monetary assessment are analyzed. Attention is focused on recording the state of land in the relevant documentation. Attention is drawn to the legal consequences of accidental destruction or damage to the rental object by the user. The shortcomings of the legal provision of obligations of owners and users of land plots to restore soil fertility, as well as other useful properties of the land, are investigated. It is noted that failure by a land user, in particular a tenant, to fulfill its obligations to restore the quality of land is grounds for the compulsory termination of its rights to a land plot. Suggested ways of improving legislation in the specified area. Proposals have been made to establish the quality of the land plot at the time of its alienation. Attention is focused on ensuring effective state control over the timely restoration of land.