Pleasant Mood Research Articles

FaceReader as a neuromarketing tool to compare the olfactory preferences of customers in selected markets

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine FaceReader as a tool to compare the olfactory preferences of two selected countries. This paper examines the olfactory preferences of customers in the bakery department of a grocery store in the Slovak and the Spanish market. Design/methodology/approach The aim of this study is to examine subconscious/unconscious preferences in the selection of aromas suitable for the bakery department in the Slovak and the Spanish market. In this case, it is not a classical qualitative sensory testing of the perception of fragrances. The aim is to identify the associations of scents related to the selected sales department through images of the selected aromas. A special platform is used to obtain subconscious/unconscious feedback, which allows online collection of implicit feedback using the software FaceReader 7. Findings The authors noticed the different moods of the two groups of respondents when they answered the question about what they associate with the smell of bakery products. The Spanish respondents were slightly pleasantly disposed, while the Slovak respondents were slightly unpleasantly disposed. The smell of bakery products evoked more memories and emotions in the Spanish respondents than in the Slovak respondents, which can be explained by the higher pleasant mood. The main contribution of this work lies in the new opportunities to obtain feedback that can be used in marketing research and that rely not only on explicit but also implicit data. The extension of the methodological apparatus to implicit feedback presupposes some form of control of the data collected by the questionnaire. The use of biometric tools can represent an efficient alternative in terms of time and money to the use of neuroimaging tools in the selection/research of aromas for specific stores/departments. Research limitations/implications It must be noted that the sample is small, and adequate conclusions cannot be made about entire population. Based on empirical findings and pandemic-related limitations, the authors plan to conduct similar research with real aroma samples and with even larger sample of tested respondents, considering weather, season, olfactory sensitivity (anosmia, hyposmia and normosmia) and participant fatigue (beginning and end of the week). Originality/value Today, marketers are facing the greatest challenge of how to attract consumers’ attention. Every individual has a different perception of the shopping environment based on his own experience, beliefs and attitudes. This is why new marketing techniques and approaches are becoming increasingly popular in the marketing environment.

Computer Vision Based Multimedia Advertising Effect Enhancement Strategy in E-Commerce Practice

Abstract In the context of today’s Internet-developed era, novel advertisement design is part of the enterprise marketing means. To improve the effectiveness of multimedia advertising on e-commerce practices, the study developed a multimedia advertising design system based on a generative adversarial network. The study proposes a generative adversarial network mechanism for computer vision technology, constructs an intelligent generation model of advertisement images using the generative adversarial network, designs a multimedia advertisement image interaction system, and explores the visual communication effect of multimedia advertisements. In order to test the significance of the advertisement image generation model for the display of advertisement images, a performance comparison test is conducted with other image generation models, and then the multimedia advertisement proposed in this paper is put into e-commerce practice. The study shows that the advertisement image generation model can accurately generate multimedia advertisement images, and the generation of multimedia advertisements based on the antagonistic network has a significant effect on the pleasant mood of e-commerce customers (p>0.005). Therefore, the multimedia advertising enhancement strategy proposed in this paper is conducive to mobilizing customers’ positive mood in e-commerce, and its practical effect is significant.

Investigating human experiences and perceptions of unmounted activities commonly practiced in equine-assisted services

Abstract Equine-assisted services (EAS) are known to be beneficial for participants, though factors that influence their in-session experiences of horse-human interactions (HHI) remain underexplored. A mixed-methods, repeated measures design was used to investigate relationships between unmounted activities and human mood state, their activity enjoyment, and their perceptions of the horse they interacted with. We aimed to determine if participants’ ( n = 56) reported mood states reflected their behavior toward the EAS horses ( n = 14) across activity conditions. Horses and humans completed three activity conditions: grooming, leading the horse, and leading the horse around a maze. To assess participants’ mood states throughout the interaction, we measured participants’ mood states before the interaction began and after each activity. A post-interaction survey was used to assess participants’ enjoyment of each activity and the influence of certain horse characteristics on their experience. All interaction activities were filmed for analysis of human behavior. Results from two logistic regression models suggest that activity type was not significantly associated with the arousal ( p = 0.09) or valence ( p = 0.70) of participants’ reported mood states; however, a trend in the post hoc comparisons indicated participants were more likely to report an activated mood state before the interaction began compared to after the first activity (i.e., post-groom) (OR: 3.15, CI: 7.79−1.28, p = 0.013). Most participants ( n = 46/54) reported pleasant moods throughout the interactions, although qualitative results suggest participants experienced a wider range of affective states. Participant behavior supported their reported pleasant mood as most behaviors across conditions were affiliative toward the horse. These results identify factors that influence human experiences when interacting with horses that are incorporated into EAS.

Clearing our Minds for Hedonic Phenomenalism

AbstractWhat constitutes the nature of pleasure? According to hedonic phenomenalism, pleasant experiences are pleasant in virtue of some phenomenological features. According to hedonic attitudinalism, pleasure involves an attitude—a class of mental states that necessarily have an object. Consequently, pleasures are alwaysaboutsomething. We argue that hedonic attitudinalism is not able to accommodate pleasant moods. We first consider this argument more generally, and then consider what we callthe globalist strategy responseto the possible objectless of moods, namely that pleasant moods have general, or undetermined, objects. We then discuss the case of blissful meditative states, and argue that the globalist strategy is not able to accommodate all pleasant states.

Research on pleasant mood in college English classroom: take Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology as an example

With the development of society and the process of globalization, English has become one of the globally recognized languages. In higher education English teaching, how to stimulate students' interest and positive emotions, and enhance learning effectiveness, has always been a focus of teachers. Task-based teaching is an effective pedagogical approach that emphasizes tasks as the core element, encourages students to actively participate, and achieves learning objectives through task completion. In task-based teaching, students' emotional experiences and emotional states have a significant impact on learning outcomes. Therefore, this study aims to investigate pleasurable emotions in task-based teaching in college English classrooms, taking Hainan University of Science and Technology as an example, to provide valuable insights for English education teaching practices.

School Bullying and Personality Traits from Elementary School to University

This retrospective study examines involvement in school bullying at all developmental stages, from elementary school to university, in relation to personality traits. Participants were 216 university students, 162 (75.0%) females and 54 (25.0%) males. The majority of the sample (88.9%) aged 18–24. Students completed the International Personality Items Pool (BFFM) and a self-report questionnaire about school bullying online. The results show that the involvement roles in personality trait A3 (don’t insult) of the Agreeableness (A) scale differ significantly at all educational levels. However, trait E6 Extraversion (E) and the Conscientiousness (C) scale differ at the elementary school level, and trait N6 of the Neuroticism (N) scale varies at the middle school and N3 differs at the high school. All participants differ statistically significantly in A3, Conscientiousness scale at all educational levels. Those involved differ statistically significantly in the traits Neuroticism, C8, and C9 and in two traits of Openness (O). Throughout the course of schooling, victims showed a higher score on the Conscientiousness scale than the bullies/victims. The victims who became the bullies (victims/bullies) had a higher score on the Emotional Stability scale than the bullies who became victims (bullies/victims). About half of the participants said that the experience affected them positively and the other half negatively. Those who answered that it had a positive impact on them showed a statistically significant difference in characteristics E7 (talkativeness) and N10 (pleasant mood). The findings help inform a new perspective of anti-bullying intervention that targets personality traits in all the roles and their rotation.

165 Investigating the benefits of low- and mid-level equine assisted activities on university students’ mental health

By most reports, student mental health is on the decline at colleges and universities. Animal assisted activities have been shown effective in improving students’ mental health, but few studies have focused on equine assisted activities (EAA). Researchers at Michigan State University (MSU) studied how EAA influenced university students’ mood and anxiety. MSU students (n = 150) were recruited from across campus with posters, social media, and class announcements, to participate in a study at the MSU Horse Teaching and Research Center (HTRC). Students were randomly assigned to 3 groups to perform a 30-min activity at HTRC: guided walk (WALK) down a farm lane with no opportunity for horse interaction and limited horse observation (n = 37); low-level (LL) EAA with a self-guided tour of the HTRC using a farm map and HTRC tour app with opportunity to interact with horses over a fence (n = 37); and mid-level (ML) EAA involving grooming a horse with supervision (n = 39). Pre and post surveys were administered to students immediately before and after completing their activity to compare mood and state anxiety among groups. Mood was measured with the Brief Mood Introspection Scale (BMIS) for Pleasant Unpleasant sub score using 16 items and a 4-point response scale with a possible score range from 16 to 64 and a higher score indicating a more pleasant mood. State anxiety was measuredusing the State -Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults (STAI) TM with 20 items on a 4-point response scale and a possible score range from 20 to 80 with a higher score indicating a higher level of anxiety. A repeated-measures ANOVA in SPSS showed that mean mood and state anxiety scores improved significantly between pre and post tests among all 3 groups (F(1, 110) = 165.21, P < 0.001; F(1, 111) = 179.81, P < 0.001, respectively) and at least between 2 groups (F(2,110) = 13.195, P < 0.001; F(2, 111) = 10.08, P < 0.001, respectively). When comparing the improvement in the post versus pre mood score among the 3 groups, the improvement in both the LL-EAA and ML-EAA groups were greater compared with the improvement in the WALK group (3.38, P = 0.048 for LL EAA vs. WALK; 4.35, P = 0.007 for ML EAA vs. WALK). Improvements in state anxiety score were also greater for LL EAA and ML EAA groups compared with the WALK group (−5.36, P = 0.026 for LL EAA vs. WALK; −5.56, P = 0.019 for ML EAA vs. WALK). While all group activities had a positive effect on student mental health, the ability to interact with horses resulted in greater improvement in their current mood and decline in state anxiety.

Eye-tracking Analysis: College Website Visual Impact on Emotional Responses Reflected on Subconscious Preferences

This study examined students’ behaviour on the college website and the content of information they were able to obtain. With the eye-tracking sensor, this study aims to investigate the university websites’ effectiveness, satisfaction, and efficiency and collect data regarding users' visual impacts. The research was carried out using mobile phone neuromarketing tools of eye-tracking, facial coding, and supplementary short memory post-survey. The study was focused on two web pages, the homepage, and the CARE page. The analysis results from both web pages were then compared and further discussed. The results suggest that participants mostly elicited sadness (29.55%), neutrality (33.19%), and puzzlement (13.60%) while browsing the homepage, regardless of the areas of interest (AOI). They also elicited slight disgust (4.33%), fear (3.51%), joy (5.21%), and surprise (29.55%). The heat map for the CARE page reveals that the top of the CARE page was a point of attraction for participants. The study found that participants' negative feelings were more intense than good ones concerning homepage scrolling. Also, their pleasant mood intensity increased moderately when they looked at regions with only photos in a subdued color scheme or where brighter colors were used to emphasize essential textual information such as upcoming events and student blogs. This reveals that the website's complexity further affects the cognitive load. Therefore, making it more accessible will be beneficial to students. According to the student's responses, change such as the page's design, color, and text could be implemented.

The Emotional Anatomy of the Wuhan Lockdown: Sentiment Analysis Using Weibo Data.

On January 23, 2020, the city of Wuhan, China, was sealed off in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies have found that the lockdown was associated with both positive and negative emotions, although their findings are not conclusive. In these studies, emotional responses to the Wuhan lockdown were identified using lexicons based on limited emotion types. This study aims to map Chinese people's emotional responses to the Wuhan lockdown and compare Wuhan residents' emotions with those of people elsewhere in China by analyzing social media data from Weibo using a lexicon based on the circumplex model of affect. Social media posts on Weibo from 2 weeks before to 2 weeks after the Wuhan lockdown was imposed (January 9, 2020, to February 6, 2020) were collected. Each post was coded using a valence score and an arousal score. To map emotional trajectories during the study period, we used a data set of 359,190 posts. To compare the immediate emotional responses to the lockdown and its longer-term emotional impact on Wuhan residents (n=1236) and non-Hubei residents (n=12,714), we used a second data set of 57,685 posts for multilevel modeling analyses. Most posts (248,757/359,190, 69.25%) made during the studied lockdown period indicated a pleasant mood with low arousal. A gradual increase in both valence and arousal before the lockdown was observed. The posts after the lockdown was imposed had higher valence and arousal than prelockdown posts. On the day of lockdown, the non-Hubei group had a temporarily boosted valence (γ20=0.118; SE 0.021; P<.001) and arousal (γ30=0.293; SE 0.022; P<.001). Compared with non-Hubei residents, the Wuhan group had smaller increases in valence (γ21=-0.172; SE 0.052; P<.001) and arousal (γ31=-0.262; SE 0.053; P<.001) on the day of lockdown. Weibo users' emotional valence (γ40=0.000; SE 0.001; P=.71) and arousal (γ40=0.001; SE 0.001; P=.56) remained stable over the 2 weeks after the lockdown was imposed regardless of geographical location (valence: γ41=-0.004, SE 0.003, and P=.16; arousal: γ41=0.003, SE 0.003, and P=.26). During the early stages of the pandemic, most Weibo posts indicated a pleasant mood with low arousal. The overall increase in the posts' valence and arousal after the lockdown announcement might indicate collective cohesion and mutual support in web-based communities during a public health crisis. Compared with the temporary increases in valence and arousal of non-Hubei users on the day of lockdown, Wuhan residents' emotions were less affected by the announcement. Overall, our data suggest that Weibo users were not influenced by the lockdown measures in the 2 weeks after the lockdown announcement. Our findings offer policy makers insights into the usefulness of social connections in maintaining the psychological well-being of people affected by a lockdown.

THE ROLE OF PERSONALITY TRAITS AND MOOD IN TASTE PREFERENCE AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Objective: The current study was conducted to investigate the relationship between personality traits, mood and taste preference among university students. Design: Correlational and Cross-sectional research design was used for the present study. Method: The sample was comprised of 170 university students, 83 males and 87 females with age range 18-25 years. The sample size was calculated through G*power. Data was collected online through google form. The Big Five Inventory-10, Brief Mood Introspection and a self-constructed taste preference scale were used to assess personality traits, mood and taste preference respectively. Results: The results suggested that some specific personality traits were correlated with specific taste preferences such as agreeableness was associated with salty, sour, and sweet taste preferences while negatively associated with bitter taste preference. As well as extraversion was significantly positively associated with salty taste preference. On the other hand, pleasant mood was also shown to have positive correlation with salty, sweet, spicy, and sour taste preference. The finding of current research also showed that women are more likely to prefer salty, spicy, and sour tastes than men. Conclusion: There are some specific mood and personality traits that are related with specific taste preferences. Gender differences indicated that women are more likely to prefer food on the basis of its taste while men are more likely to prefer food on the basis of amount of its calories. Implication: The present research would be useful in health settings in order to design diet plans for obese individuals according to their personality, mood and related food choices.

EFFECTIVENESS OF THE LANGUAGE OF FAST FOOD ADVERTISEMENTS THROUGH J. BAUDRILLARD'S POSTMODERNISM

One of the dominant fields in the scope of advertising is Fast Food promotion. Junk food advertisements are viral on the Internet, television, billboards and among other types of advertisements. This has led to many people preferring it to other types of food. Several studies have also investigated the effects of junk food advertisements on people’s attitudes and preferences. Firstly, it creates some expectations which raise the desire to buy. Secondly, it associates purchase of these foods with some positive feelings such as satisfaction and happiness. Thirdly, it uses a certain entertaining dimension, thus, implying that purchase will boost a pleasant mood. Finally, people are not always conscious about the persuasive nature of advertising. In this connection, the present article aims to study how some linguistic techniques and devices in Fast Food advertisements call people for certain actions (purchase) and make these advertisements effective. The linguistic analysis of all advertisements carried out in the research mainly focused on defining and characterizing the linguostylistic devices used in fast food advertising, taking into consideration specific language levels such as lexicon, phonology, stylistics and grammar. The analysis demonstrates that nearly every advertisement uses rhetorical figures not depending on the thematic domain they come from.

Effect of Moods on Perception of Organizational Justice

Objectives This study aimed to identify the effect of mood on perceptions of organizational justice (distributional, procedural, interpersonal, and informational), expecting that those with pleasant moods tend to perceive a work situation as more fair, and those with unpleasant moods are more likely to see work events as less fair. Methods The sample consisted of 180 Kuwaiti employees divided evenly among the three experimental groups (pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral groups). Each group watched either positive, negative, or neutral film. The study used the Organizational Justice Measure and the Brief Mood Introspection Survey. Results The repeated measures ANCOVA for the effects of mood on the justice measure, after controlling for pre-mood and the pre-justice scores, showed a significant difference among the three mood groups. The pleasant group had a higher justice mean than the unpleasant and neutral groups. However, no significant difference was found between the unpleasant and neutral groups. Also, there was no significant interaction between the justice type (distributional, procedural, interpersonal, and informational) and mood group (pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral). Conclusions A pleasant mood may have a stronger effect on justice perception than an unpleasant mood. Suggesting that mood affects justice in a consistent way regardless of justice type. Justice perceptions are inherently subjective and are receptive to the effects of internal states. And that mood states that have no logical relationship with the justice of the situation may serve as inputs in the justice judgment process, highlighting the subjective quality of justice perception.

Sadistic pleasure and diminished suffering perceptions: Further evidence that sadism entails rationalization

Nonclinical people high in sadism report less displeasure upon witnessing another person's suffering; some recent theorizing speculates that such people may seek to rationalize this blunted displeasure by diminishing another's amount of suffering. To help address this idea further in the context of an experimental design, participants (N = 375) read about a target suffering various humiliating events; as a within-subjects manipulation, they imagined the target suffered no emotional turmoil (i.e., no-suffering condition) or was highly disturbed (i.e., suffering condition). In addition to estimating the target's emotional suffering, they indicated their pleasant vs. unpleasant mood as they read the vignette. Sadism only related positively to pleasant mood in the suffering condition, and only related negatively to perceptions of target-emotional-suffering in the suffering condition. Furthermore, within the suffering condition, mediation evidence was consistent with the possibility that sadism related to reduced perceptions of target-emotional-suffering via the experience of less displeasure. Additional analyses accounted for sadism's confounding with other dark-personality constructs, gender, and aggressive humor. The present work supports the possibility that sadism may encompass blunted displeasure from others' suffering and rationalization mechanisms for this blunted displeasure.

The Effect of Interaction with a Dog on Heart Rate

Abstract Animal Assisted Intervention (AAI) is widely used in therapeutic and educational situations. It is necessary to describe the effects of AAI based on objective indices to facilitate the effective use of AAI. We investigated the effects of interacting with a dog on sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system activities by evaluating heart rate variability (HRV) using the Lorenz plot method. Participants were thirty-four healthy volunteers (17 females and 17 males, 20-29 years of age), randomly assigned to one of three groups: the dog group, the stuffed dog group, and the plant group. Participants rated their impressions of the target (the dog, the stuffed dog, or the plant) by touching it between task blocks. The participants completed a mood scale in each block, and we measured their heart rate, respiration rate, and skin conductance response. Results indicated that interactions with the dog increased the cardiac sympathetic index of Lorentz plot, skin conductance responses, and “high-arousal and pleasant mood” score compared to the other conditions. These results suggest that short interactions with a dog activate the sympathetic nervous system, which causes an awakening effect.

Benefit of human moderate running boosting mood and executive function coinciding with bilateral prefrontal activation

Running, compared to pedaling is a whole-body locomotive movement that may confer more mental health via strongly stimulating brains, although running impacts on mental health but their underlying brain mechanisms have yet to be determined; since almost the mechanistic studies have been done with pedaling. We thus aimed at determining the acute effect of a single bout of running at moderate-intensity, the most popular condition, on mood and executive function as well as their neural substrates in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Twenty-six healthy participants completed both a 10-min running session on a treadmill at 50%{dot{text{V}}text{O}}_{{{text{2peak}}}} and a resting control session in randomized order. Executive function was assessed using the Stroop interference time from the color-word matching Stroop task (CWST) and mood was assessed using the Two-Dimensional Mood Scale, before and after both sessions. Prefrontal hemodynamic changes while performing the CWST were investigated using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Running resulted in significant enhanced arousal and pleasure level compared to control. Running also caused significant greater reduction of Stroop interference time and increase in Oxy-Hb signals in bilateral PFCs. Besides, we found a significant association among pleasure level, Stroop interference reaction time, and the left dorsolateral PFCs: important brain loci for inhibitory control and mood regulation. To our knowledge, an acute moderate-intensity running has the beneficial of inducing a positive mood and enhancing executive function coinciding with cortical activation in the prefrontal subregions involved in inhibitory control and mood regulation. These results together with previous findings with pedaling imply the specificity of moderate running benefits promoting both cognition and pleasant mood.

The influence of store atmospherics on customers’ satisfaction at selected South African retail outlets

In the retail environment, customers are stimulated by the look and feel of a store and how it is laid out. Certain store elements create an atmosphere that attracts customers to certain outlets as their preferred shopping destination. Therefore, retailers need to ensure the customers’ shopping experience is enjoyable. This study aimed to examine the influence of atmospheric store elements on the factors that influence customers` satisfaction. A quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in four retail outlets in Cape Town, South Africa, with data collected through a structured questionnaire distributed to the outlets’ customers. A systematic random sample of 388 responses was achieved. The information collected was analyzed using relevant descriptive and inferential statistics. Although small, positive correlations were found between the independent variables (cleanliness, lighting, music, floor adverts, employee efficient service, employee appearance) and the dependent variables (positive image of store, pleasant mood, time spent in store, intention to revisit store). As such, the study highlighted the importance of store atmospherics to the factors that encourage customers` satisfaction. Since little research has been done into store atmospherics in the South African context of grocery stores, this study has contributed new knowledge in this field.

Women's Experiences of Emotional Recovery from Childbirth-Related Perineal Trauma: A Qualitative Content Analysis.

ABSTRACTBackground:The postpartum health care program in Iran is limited to the first six weeks of delivery and only focuses on women’s physical problems. It seems that the issue of emotional recovery is underestimated in postnatal women with prenatal injuries. This study was designed to explore women’s experiences of emotional recovery from childbirth-related perineal trauma. Methods:This qualitative content analysis was performed on 22 postnatal women with perineal trauma during labor at Omol-banin Hospital from the 20th of April to 25th of December in Mashhad, Iran in 2016. The participants were purposively selected between 10 days to one year after childbirth. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and saturated after 26 interviews. The analysis of data was concurrently carried out using conventional content analysis adopted by Elo and Kyngas (2008). The MAXQDA software (Ver.10) was used for data organization. Results:Emotional recovery after birth trauma is defined as going on a journey from negative emotions to subjective well-being. Two super-ordinate generic categories emerged from the analysis: 1) feeling trapped in multifaceted issues, and 2) regaining possession of life. The participants encountered numerous concerns initially and with the help of family and community support, they regained the ability to dominate life and develop a pleasant mood. Improving physical functions had an essential role in regaining emotional well-being and enjoying daily life. Conclusion:The results of this study promoted our understanding of the emotional recovery in women with childbirth-related perineal trauma. This helps the caregivers to understand woman’s emotional concerns and needs in order to offer appropriate counseling services.

Novel and Cyclic Revolution made in Indian Silk Sarees

Sarees are always known for its tradition and it normally exaggerates a pleasant mood and aesthetic feel to the wearer. Sarees represents the Indian tradition and it is usually worn by the ladies of adult age group. The sarees are produced with different styles, making the wearer so comfortable and as well as fashionable. Sarees are selected and worn according to various season and functions. The types of Indian sarees include silk, georgette, bridal and wedding sarees, etc. The saree is considered as a Universal feminine garment ahead of the countries it is worn. Most of the females like to wear sarees as to expose their pride and dignity. Apart from other types of sarees, Silk sarees are always preferred a lot since it enhances the beauty and elegance of the wearer. Costumes made out of silk are found to be a part of national festivals and traditional events. Sarees are always predominant in Indian weddings and especially silk sarees with ‘Pallu’ and gold embellished with ‘Zari’ border are its nomenclature. The Indians normally dress themselves in elaborate and colorful silk sarees on festival occasions. The vibrant colors, light weight, resilience, drapability are the unique features of Indian sarees. Indian silk sarees are manufactured with variety of colors, designs, weaves and patterns. Today the silk saree designs are undergoing a revolution and a variety of colours; designs are blends are introduced in the market in the form of designer sarees. This article elaborately analyses on the varieties in silk sarees from different parts of the country and the revolution in styles and designs that is taking place.

IMPROVING LONG-TERM CARE SERVICES WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDIZED INSTRUMENTS

This symposium will include speakers from Japan, Korea, Taiwan and Hong Kong and the focus of the symposium is on the adoption of international standardized instruments from interRAI to improve the long term care services in their respective countries and region. The presenters are researchers and/or clinicians from four Asian countries and region who have applied interRAI assessment instruments in their long term care settings for many years. The speaker from Japan will present the results of an evaluation study on the quality of Japanese home care planning agencies by the quality indicators developed from the interRAI Home Care assessment data. These results could be used to market the agency’s strengths and to focus the areas for total quality improvement. Guided by the Chronic Care Model, the Korean speaker will present the study design and preliminary results of evaluating the systems for Person-Centered Elder care management model in South Korea using interRAI LTCF and other assessment tools. The speaker from Taiwan will report the research findings on the interRAI LTCF’s Resident Assessment Protocol triggers as effective indicators for understanding the care complexity and predicting for physical functional decline of nursing home residents in Taiwan. Finally, speaker from Hong Kong will talk about applying interRAI instrument for screening and outcome measures to evaluate a Pleasant Mood and Active Life intervention to reduce the depressive symptoms among the long term care facility residents.

Analysis of the Role of Music and the Purpose of Music Education

The purpose of this paper is doing analysis of the role of music and music education. With the method literature review and logic analysis, the paper concluded that music has important value and social function, pleasant mood, ease of mental tension, social education and so on is the basic function of music. The purpose of music teaching is finding the basic function of music, through the music teaching process, cultivating students' appreciation of music beauty, cultivating sentiment, etc. Music is one of the most important cultural products of human society, music is always accompanied with the development of human society. Music has a close relationship with our everyday life and social activities. It can be said that the world is full of music. There is no a society that has no music. Throughout human history, music has a close relationship with the development of society. Whether the chant to reduce the labor burden in physical activities of human early, or the various kinds of vocal music and instrument music that can be heard everywhere nowadays are all various forms of music. Music not only enrich people's life, but also bring positive influence to social progress. In this paper, the role or function of music and the purpose of Music Education would be discussed under this background.