Fitness Of Players Research Articles

Physical fitness as a factor in the effectiveness of the competitive activity of 17-18-year-old football players during the transition to professional teams

The need to demonstrate high results, on which a coach's career depends, forces the latter to practically ignore the psychophysiological features of the body of athletes aged 17-21 during the educational and training process and measures to restore players after exertion. As a result, the demands of professional football for most of the talented youth become excessive, which leads to overfatigue and a high level of injuries. The most rational approach to solving the problem of training football players during the transition to professional teams should be based on a systematic training methodology that will ensure effective development of sportsmanship, systematic growth of functional capabilities and their proper implementation. It should be noted that the indicators of physical and technical fitness of football players after graduating from the children's and youth football school do not meet the requirements of professional football. The article is devoted to solving the problem of the effectiveness of the competitive activity of 17-18-year-old football players during the transition to professional teams. The work revealed that the age range from 17 to 21 years falls on the period of an athlete's life, when the formation of all functional systems, which ensure high performance and immunity of the body against adverse factors that appear during intense training, is basically completed. It was noted that the physical and technical fitness indicators of football players after graduating from the children's and youth football school do not meet the requirements of professional football. The peculiarities of physical fitness in relation to the effective competitive activity of 17-18-year-old football players at the stage of specialized basic training were analyzed. The data of the study served as indicators of the players' physical fitness. As a result of the conducted correlational analysis of the physical fitness of young football players aged 17-18 years, an average and low value of the relationship was determined, which implies a fairly close relationship between the level of physical fitness and almost all indicators of the sportsmen's motor qualities, except for the indicator that characterizes the starting speed. It has been confirmed that the preparedness of athletes in football depends on their functional indicators, which, in turn, determine the effectiveness of certain tactical and technical actions.

Enhancing Youth Cricket Performance: Insights From Field-Based Assessments of Strength, Endurance, and Agility

Background The physical demands of cricket, particularly in youth players, encompass critical components of strength, endurance, and agility, which are essential for optimal performance and maintaining competitive success. Strength, endurance, and agility are vital in enhancing youth cricketers' overall physical fitness and performance levels, directly influencing their ability to sustain high-intensity efforts, execute precise movements, and recover effectively during matches and training sessions. Aims: This research aimed to evaluate the field-based performance levels of young cricketers in Belagavi through innovative assessments: the wall squat, 2km time trial, and Run-a-three tests, highlighting their importance in enhancing player fitness and performance.Methods: A cohort of 100 young cricketers (aged 18-24) with a minimum of 2 years experience underwent comprehensive assessments using the wall squat, 2km time trial, and Run-a-three tests across various cricket grounds in Belagavi. Statistical analyses provided insights into their fitness levels across different player categories (batsmen, bowlers, all-rounders, and wicketkeepers).Results: Significant variations in fitness levels were observed among player categories, with wall squat endurance being the most notable area for improvement, as the mean performance was 51.54 ± 20.79 seconds. The average 2km trial was completed in 10.03 ± 1.42 minutes, while the Run-a-three drill averaged 11.86 ± 1.33 seconds. These findings highlight the critical need for targeted fitness interventions to enhance lower body endurance across all roles.Conclusion: This study underscores the imperative for tailored fitness regimens to address deficiencies in strength, endurance, and agility among young cricketers in Belagavi. These targeted interventions can enhance their competitive readiness and support long-term athletic development. Future research should explore the specific impact of these fitness interventions on performance metrics and injury prevention, providing further insights into optimizing youth cricket training programs.

The Effect of a Training Programme (Skill-Psychological) on the Psychological Fitness and Performance of some Offensive skills of Volleyball Players

Volleyball is a competitive sport activity characterized by a direct struggle between two teams: Volleyball is one of the competitive sports activities that are characterized by direct struggle between two teams, as it has become a lot of practice today and occupies a good position as it is at a high and beautiful level of performance, so there is a desire for those who practice it to appear integrated performance as it is a combination of many different skills, whether offensive or defensive. Hence the importance of the research lies in knowing the extent of the effect of a training programme (skill - psychological) on psychological fitness and performance of some offensive skills in volleyball players. The issue lies in the fact that the player faces difficulties and psychological pressures during the match and his inability to regulate and control his emotions and greatly affect his performance, so the researcher decided to study the effect of a training programme (skill-psychological) on the psychological fitness and performance of some offensive skills in volleyball players. The aim is to find out the effect of a training programme on psychological fitness and performance of some offensive skills. It is hypothesized that there are statistically significant differences between the results of the pre and post tests in psychological fitness and the performance of some offensive skills in the sample. The experimental approach was used. The sample was volleyball players. It used the appropriate methods, tools and devices for research and also used the scale and tests and conducted pre and post tests and the exploratory and main experiment and the number of units was 16 units, two units per week, and concluded that the training exercises (skill - psychological) have a clear impact on the psychological fitness of players.

The Effects of a 6-Week Plyometric and Sprint Interval Training Intervention on Soccer Player's Physical Performance.

Despite the well-documented benefits of sprint interval training (SIT) and plyometric training (PT) in improving the physical fitness of soccer players, it remains unclear which of these training methods is superior for enhancing players' aerobic and anaerobic performance. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of SIT and PT on physical performance measures of male soccer players. Thirty male soccer players were randomly assigned to PT (n = 10), SIT (n = 10), and an active control group (CON, n = 10). Before and after the training period, participants underwent a battery of tests consisting of vertical jump, Wingate, linear sprint with and without ball dribbling, change of direction, ball kick, and the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) tests. Both groups exhibited similar improvements in maximal kicking distance (PT, effect size [ES] = 0.68; SIT, ES = 0.92) and measures of aerobic fitness including maximum oxygen uptake (PT, ES = 1.24; SIT, ES = 1.26) and first (PT, ES = 0.85; SIT, ES = 1.08) and second (PT, ES = 0.86; SIT, ES = 0.98) ventilatory thresholds. However, PT intervention resulted in greater changes in vertical jump (ES = 1.72 vs. 0.82, p = 0.001), anaerobic power (peak power, ES = 1.62 vs. 0.97, p = 0.009; mean power, ES = 1.15 vs. 1.20, p = 0.05), linear speed (20-m, ES = -1.58 vs. -0.98, p = 0.038; 20-m with ball, ES = -0.93 vs. 0.71, p = 0.038), and change of direction ability (ES = -2.56 vs. -2.71, p = 0.046) than SIT. In conclusion, both PT and SIT demonstrated effectiveness in enhancing aerobic performance among male soccer players. However, PT yielded superior improvements in anaerobic power, vertical jump, linear speed, and change of direction performance compared to SIT. These findings suggest that PT may offer additional benefits beyond aerobic conditioning.

Enhancing Physical Fitness in Elite Field Hockey Players with A Twelve-Week Functional Training Program: A Cluster Randomized Control Trial.

This study aimed to explore the impact of functional training on the physical fitness of young elite field hockey players. The study comprised 40 young elite male field hockey players with the following characteristics (mean ± SD age: 21.5 ± 0.8 years; height: 176.9 ± 2.6 cm; weight: 68.4 ± 5.1 kg; BMI: 21.8 ± 1.3; training experience: 51.2 ± 5.4 months). Twenty participants were allocated to two groups: the functional training group (FTG) and the control training group (CG). Each group received 60-minute training sessions three times per week for 12 weeks. Generalized estimating equation analysis and a Bonferroni test for pairwise comparisons were used to assess the intervention's efficacy. Before the start of the exercise program, no statistically significant differences were observed in physical fitness measures between the FTG and CG (p > 0.05). However, by the sixth week, a significant difference appeared in both the T-Agility test (p < 0.001) and endurance (p = 0.024) between the two groups, while no notable distinctions were detected in other fitness parameters (p > 0.05). After a 12-week training program, the FTG demonstrated improvements in all physical fitness measures [flexibility (p < 0.001); Illinois agility test (p < 0.001); T-agility test (p = 0.020); endurance (p < 0.001)] except speed, which exhibited no significant impact (p = 0.175). Notable enhancements in T-agility and endurance were evident after just six weeks of functional training, and a 12-week functional training regimen showed superiority over standard training approaches in young elite male field hockey players. These findings encourage the efficacy of functional training exercises over traditional methods in enhancing athletes' fitness parameters.

The Effects of Core Strength Training on Soccer-related Fitness and Dynamic Balance of Soccer Players

The Effects of Core Strength Training on Soccer-related Fitness and Dynamic Balance of Soccer Players

The Features of changes in the physical fitness of football players 13-14 years in the preparatory period of the annual macrocycle under the influence of a typical training program

The article deals with the effectiveness of using a standard football program for the stage of preliminary basic training in improving the overall and special physical fitness of young football players 13-14 years. The relevance and practical importance of this study is due to the need to improve the quality of existing programs for the construction of the training process of athletes specializing in football, at different stages of long -term sports training, especially in the initial stages of this process. In connection with the above, an assessment of the impact of a standard football program for the stage of preliminary basic preparation on the indicators of general and special physical fitness of football players 13-14 years during the preparatory period of the annual macrocycle was carried out. It is proved that the use of the program athletes of the said program did not contribute to a significant improvement of their general and special physical fitness. To complete the study, there was a significant increase in only individual indicators, namely: the level of physical work capacity and aerobic capabilities by 10%, power capacity for 23 %, 19% agility, the result in the ball of the ball with the ball and the level of special physical fitness by 9%of the change in other parameters were insignificant and ranged from 1%to 6%. The results indicated the lack of efficiency of the typical program of construction of the training process of young football players at the stage of preliminary basic training and the need for its appropriate correction to improve their overall and special physical fitness.

Effects of Different Exercise Training on Physical Fitness and Technical Skills in Handball Players. A Systematic Review.

Akbar, S, Kim Geok, S, Bashir, M, Jazaily Bin Mohd, NN, Luo, S, and He, S. Effects of different exercise training on physical fitness and technical skills in handball players. A systematic review. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-This review aimed to assess the effects of exercise training on handball players' performance. A thorough search was conducted in 5 online databases (ProQuest, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost (SPORTDiscus), as well as on Google Scholar and other gray literature references starting on April 11, 2022. The methodological quality of the included research was evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. This systematic review includes 16 studies. Eight studies received "excellent" ratings (≥6 points), 5 received "good" ratings (5 points), and 3 received "moderate" ratings (4 points). The findings showed that the most frequently examined performance factors in exercise training intervention strategies with handball players were balance (n = 5), agility (n = 8), speed (n = 9), and jumping performance (n = 10). Muscular strength (n = 4), shooting and dribbling skill (n = 3), and muscular endurance (n = 4) were the second most frequently investigated performance factors. Regarding speed and agility, exercise training considerably improved the physical fitness of handball players. However, evidence related to muscular strength, shooting ability, and dribbling skills was limited. To achieve the optimum standard, handball players must have strong physical and physiological qualities. Meanwhile, no evidence was found related to the impacts of exercise training on power, endurance, flexibility, body composition, cardiovascular fitness, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Regarding limitations, there is a need for more research with solid evidence to determine the impacts of exercise training interventions on athletes' performance in handball.

The Effect of the “Shuttle Time” Program on the Physical and Technical Training of Badminton Athletes

Background: To achieve high sports results, specialists must consistently search for effective strategies and methods of improving badminton players’ physical condition and technical skills. Objective: Considering the urgency of the problem and personal sports experience, the work aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the Asian program “Shuttle Time” as an influence on the physical and technical training of students – badminton players of high sportsmanship. Methodology: This randomized controlled trial study involved 40 students in their 1st to 4th years of specializing in badminton (ages 18-22). The study subjects were divided into 2 groups – experimental (n=20) and control (n=20). The experimental group followed the “Shuttle Time” program, which included general physical training, special physical training, and technical and tactical exercises, gradually increasing in complexity and focusing on coordination, stability, balance, speed, and reaction. The control group trained according to the university’s sports development group program, focusing mainly on improving physical qualities. Technical training for both groups was assessed using four tests: performing a “Smash” shot on two targets from one point, executing a “Short shot” on two targets, executing a “Smash” shot in a straight line to the target from a fixed position, and performing a “Short” shot in a straight line to the target from a fixed position on each side of the court. The physical fitness of participants was evaluated through a series of tests, including a 20-m run, running 9.13-36.6-45.7-55 m (10-40-50-60 yd), standing long jump, high jump from a standing position, 3x10 m shuttle run, hexagon jumps for agility, and the Badcamp test. For reliability, the indicators of the study were processed using methods of mathematical statistics, including the calculation of arithmetic means (X) and standard deviations (S), and the application of Student’s t-test to determine the significance of changes in the results between the first and subsequent tests. The results of the study were processed by calculating arithmetic means (X) and their standard deviations (S), and the significance of changes in the results was determined using Student’s t-test, with a difference considered significant when p0.05. Results: These studies showed statistically significant changes in physical fitness indicators and in comparison, group. Among the statistically reliable improvements in physical fitness indicators, the most significant was the increase in running speed during the 55 m distance, covering sections of this distance from 9.13 to 36.6 m, from 36.6 to 45.7 and from 45.7 to 55 m (p0.01). The improvement in the technical readiness of the studied experimental group was more significant compared to the control group and statistically significant (р0.05). Conclusion: Thus, the application of the “Shuttle Time” program makes it possible to objectively improve the physical and technical fitness of badminton players. Modernization of the training process using the Asian program significantly increased fitness by the end of the experimental study.

The effect of proposed exercises (physical - skill) to improve some elements of the physical fitness of players of Al-Sulaikh Sports Club in the Iraqi Youth Football League for the season (2020-2021).

Football is considered one of the team games that is characterized by excitement, competition, and strong competition A large audience affects the level of the player and also varies according to the individual and physical differences in the Players. It was noted, through the researcher’s follow-up, that there is a weakness in the physical aspect of young players in The Iraqi League, especially in the last third of the match, where there are many mistakes in passes and taking gaps Therefore, the researcher was asked to create a special program to develop some elements of physical fitness for young players in the league The Iraqi Premier League, with the aim of identifying the effect of physical exercises on some elements of football players’ physical fitness Youth football. Among the players of Al-Sulaikh Sports Club for youth ages 17 to 19 Year for the 2020-2021 season and adult Their number is 24 players. The researcher used the experimental method on a research sample of Al-Sulaikh Club players Youth football athletes who are officially registered in the special rosters of the Iraqi Federation for the season (2020-2021) They were chosen intentionally, after which the researcher chose Al-Sulaikh Club, also intentionally, from among the clubs participating in the Iraqi Youth Premier League. After that, the training curriculum was started, which includes (suggested) exercises, and they were applied to the main research program on (Monday), corresponding to (2/1/2021) for a period of eight weeks and ended on (Monday) corresponding to (3/29/2021) At a rate of (3) training units per week, the total number of training units reached (24) training units, which wereconducted by the researcher and with the assistance of the assistant work team, where the researcher used the medium-intensity interval training method, in which the intensity ranges between (70-80%), and the interval training method. High intensity, in which the intensity ranges between (80-90%) and the repetitive training method between (90-100%). The researcher took into account the proposed exercises within the principle of gradation and undulation in the intensity of the training units.

Analysis of the Effectiveness of High-Intensity Interval Training Methods in Improving Basketball Players Fitness

This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) in improving the fitness of basketball players. Employing a literature review methodology, this study explores recent findings related to the application of HIIT in the context of basketball sports. The literature analysis involves searching and screening various scientific articles covering aspects such as improved cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, time efficiency, and safety considerations. The results indicate that HIIT holds significant potential in enhancing the cardiorespiratory fitness of basketball players, with positive effects on aerobic capacity and cardiorespiratory endurance. Furthermore, HIIT has also shown a positive impact on increasing muscle strength and endurance. The effectiveness of HIIT can be observed in its time efficiency, as this high-intensity training program can deliver significant results in a shorter time compared to conventional training methods. However, the study also highlights the importance of considering the risks and safety considerations in implementing HIIT, emphasizing the need for an individualized approach and careful monitoring. Thus, this research provides a solid foundation for the development of more focused and effective training programs to enhance the performance of basketball players. The practical implications of these findings can assist coaches and fitness professionals in designing exercise programs tailored to the specific needs of basketball players, taking into account cardiorespiratory aspects, muscle strength, time efficiency, and safety.

Control of the physical and technical fitness of elite professional rugby union players

Background. Rugby is one of the most popular sports abroad, that must have good physical, psychological, physiological, functional, technical condition for every athlete. The search for set of tests for monitoring the physical and technical fitness to achieve the successful performance of an athlete or a team in major competitions in Elite Professional Rugby Union Players continues to be an urgent problem. Purpose. This study aims to substantiate and develop a set of tests for monitoring the physical and technical fitness of rugby players aged 17-18. Material and Methods. There were eighty-seven male rugby players aged 17-18 from Ukrainian National team U18. All athletes volunteered to participate in the research. The following research methods have been used to solve the tasks of the research: analysis and synthesis of literature of the research topic; pedagogical observations; testing the technical, tactical and physical fitness; methods of mathematical and statistical analysis which are scientifically based and are widely used in sports science (correlation and factor analysis). The object of research is the indicators of the technical, tactical skills and physical fitness of 17-18 years old rugby players. Results. The authors offer the unified testing program and general quantitative criteria in the tests. Two approaches have been used as the main criteria for the informative tests – logical one, based on the explanation of physiological mechanism that determine high efficiency of players in the conditions of gaming activities, and empirical approach, based on the information about the factor structure and the validity of the tests used for these purposes. Information on the level of fitness of players at each stage can be used selectively in connection with aims and objectives that contribute to the management of the training process in general. Conclusions. With the help of motor and ergonomic tests, a general set of guidelines has been substantiated, which allowed to assess the state of technical, tactical and physical fitness of rugby players aged 17-18.

The Effect of Plyometric Exercises on Physical Fitness and Technical Skills of Football Players

Background: Football is a physically demanding sport requiring players to possess a balance of strength, endurance, agility, and speed. Plyometric exercises have gained popularity among football players due to their potential to enhance explosive strength and speed, crucial for successful performance on the field. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of plyometric exercises on the technical and physical skill sets of football players in Quetta, Balochistan. Methods: A randomized, triple-blinded clinical trial was conducted involving 32 football players who were randomly assigned to either a plyometric training group or a conventional training group. Both groups participated in upper and lower body exercises over an eight-week period. Data collection included assessments at baseline, 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th weeks of the intervention. Physical fitness was evaluated using tests such as the vertical jump, 505 agility, and three-hop test, while technical skills were assessed using head juggling, figure 8 dribbling, controlled speed dribbling, power shooting, and pass and receiving tests. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, employing one-way and mixed ANOVA to analyze the interaction and main effects. Results: The mean age of players in the plyometric group was 25.31 ± 5.05 years, and in the conventional group, it was 24.68 ± 4.81 years. The plyometric group showed significant improvements in all physical and technical tests compared to the conventional group. Specifically, the vertical jump improved from 18.33 ± 1.03 cm at baseline to 29.00 ± 2.21 cm at the 8th week (F=123.1, p&lt;0.001) in the plyometric group, while the conventional group improved from 18.31 ± 2.44 cm to 25.56 ± 1.68 cm (F=75.90, p&lt;0.001). Similar trends were observed in agility, dribbling, and power shooting tests, where the plyometric group outperformed the conventional group significantly. Conclusion: Plyometric exercises significantly improved the technical and physical skills of football players. These exercises enhance explosive power, speed, agility, and coordination, all of which are essential for football performance. Incorporating plyometric training into regular practice sessions is recommended for optimizing player performance.

Physical Fitness: Ps Sipangko Football Club Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan

Physical health and physical fitness have an important role in the world of sport, especially in the context of football clubs. The PS Sipangko football club in South Tapanuli Regency, which has a long history in the world of football, has unique challenges and opportunities in maintaining the physical health of its players. This study aims to measure and analyze the level of physical fitness of the 13 players of the PS Sipangko football club, South Tapanuli Regency and identify the factors that influence this level of fitness. The research method used was a survey and physical measurements involving club players. The data was analyzed statistically to evaluate the level of physical fitness and its relationship to performance on the field. The results showed that the level of physical fitness of players with an average physical fitness test score was 10.80 in the 14-17 interval with a percentage of 38.46%. Judging from the freshness level norms, the category is classified as Medium. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the importance of maintaining physical health in the world of football and highlight the need to pay attention to aspects of physical fitness in the development of football players.

The Expectations of eSport Becomes Part of Sports

The development of science and technology in the 21st century is increasingly rapid, as can be seen by the race of telecommunications companies to create communication tools that offer convenience. As a global industry considered from a financial perspective, eSport is receiving attention from various circles and is being developed to increase competition interest and financial benefits. Sports usually include forms of physical exercise that require strength, endurance, and motor skills. Sports and eSport are different. eSport players don't always move physically despite participating in competitions and rivalries. According to some experts, eSport are a subset of sports. The method used is library research in the form of article review. The implementation of library research consists of investigating, mapping, combining, and evaluating previous research findings on a particular topic or field of knowledge. This method uses various sources of information, including primary articles (n=29). The point is that eSport players tend to be sedentary lifestyle players, which results in problems with fitness and health, so it is not in accordance with the impact of traditional sports physical activities that use large muscles to move body parts while moving. The status of eSport in sport is being questioned in Sport Science studies, as it does not have a positive impact on the fitness and health of eSport players unlike traditional sports athletes. It is increasingly clear that eSport should be seen as electronic entertainment and competition rather than as part of a sport that includes dominant physical activity.

Predicting Soccer Players' Fitness Status Through a Machine-Learning Approach.

The study had 3 purposes: (1)to develop an index using machine-learning techniques to predict the fitness status of soccer players, (2)to explore the index's validity and its relationship with a submaximal run test (SMFT), and (3)to analyze the impact of weekly training load on the index and SMFT outcomes. The study involved 50 players from an Italian professional soccer club. External and internal loads were collected during training sessions. Various machine-learning algorithms were assessed for their ability to predict heart-rate responses during the training drills based on external load data. The fitness index, calculated as the difference between actual and predicted heart rates, was correlated with SMFT outcomes. Random forest regression (mean absolute error = 3.8 [0.05]) outperformed the other machine-learning algorithms (extreme gradient boosting and linear regression). Average speed, minutes from the start of the training session, and the work:rest ratio were identified as the most important features. The fitness index displayed a very large correlation (r = .70) with SMFT outcomes, with the highest result observed during possession games and physical conditioning exercises. The study revealed that heart-rate responses from SMFT and the fitness index could diverge throughout the season, suggesting different aspects of fitness. This study introduces an "invisible monitoring" approach to assess soccer player fitness in the training environment. The developed fitness index, in conjunction with traditional fitness tests, provides a comprehensive understanding of player readiness. This research paves the way for practical applications in soccer, enabling personalized training adjustments and injury prevention.

The influence of the program of the training process in the pre-competitive mesocycle on the indicators of special physical fitness of taekwondo players aged 15–17

The purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of the proposed program of building the training process in the pre-competitive mesocycle on the indicators of special physical fitness of taekwondo players aged 15-17. The results. The analysis of the special physical fitness of taekwondo players at the end of the study showed that after applying the proposed training program, the average performance of the experimental group was better than that of the control group by 3.20 to 31.02%. Statistically significant differences were established according to the Student's test in the range of t=2.15–2.58 at p &lt;0.05, except for: side kicks to the torso in 15 s without placing the foot on the floor, t=1.28; side kicks with the left leg to the torso in 15 s t=2.12; and side kicks with the right leg with a 360° rotation in 15 s t=2.02. Among the taekwondo players of the control group, 8 high correlation relationships were found in the range of 0.67–0.51 and 4 high inverse relationships – -0.68 to -0.54. In the experimental group, 17 high correlation relationships in the range of 0.74–0.53 were found. One of the reverse high correlation relationships was found -0.57.

Model characteristics of physical fitness of taekwondo players at the stage of basic training

The purpose of the study was to study the characteristics of physical fitness and develop model characteristics of taekwondo athletes at the stage of basic training. The results. The analysis of the physical fitness of taekwondo athletes showed that the average indicators of physical fitness of taekwondo athletes at the stage of basic training of the 2nd year of training are better than those of athletes of the 1st year from 3.39 to 14.28%. The largest differences between the groups of 14.28% are observed in the pistol test for 30 s on the left leg and 11.56% - swing with the right leg forward for 15 s, and the smallest 3.51% in the 20 m s gait test. Statistically significant differences were established according to the Student's test t=2.25–2.68 at p &lt;0.05, in tests: speed-power index (ratio of jump length to height) t=2.25; left leg swing forward in 15 s, t=2.33; swing with the right leg forward in 15 seconds, t=2.68. The model performance characteristics of flexibility tend to decrease in the range between the ideal and minimum values by 21.75% and 20.92% in the transverse split and longitudinal split tests for the left leg, respectively, but it is found that the indicators for the longitudinal split for the right leg differ by 0.29%

Variability of External Load Measures During Soccer Match Play: Influence of Player Fitness or Pacing?

The aims of this study were to examine the variability of selected external load metrics within 15-minute intervals during soccer match play and examine their relationship with players' high-intensity intermittent fitness. A total of 18 male soccer players were monitored for their external load metrics during 26 matches, which included total distance, high-metabolic-load distance, and mechanical work (defined as the sum of accelerations and decelerations >3m2). Additionally, players completed the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test. Total distance had lower coefficients of variation than high-metabolic-load distance and mechanical work (effect size [ES]: 5.2 to 6.4; very large). Within-player Δ-15min showed moderate to large decreases (ES: -0.7 to -1.6) and increases (ES: 0.9 to 1.8) in absolute and coefficient-of-variation values, respectively. Large relationships (r = .55 to .61) were observed between the Intermittent Fitness Test and 15-minmean and 15-minbest in all selected external load metrics. However, small to moderate (0.27 to 0.41) associations were observed between the Intermittent Fitness Test and Δ-15min in selected external load metrics. These findings suggest that players with relatively lower intermittent running capacity might show lower variability during matches, as evidenced by smaller reductions in high-intensity actions during the final 15minutes. We attribute these observations to players' possessing better pacing strategies.

Effects of Circuit Training on Sports Performance of Semi-professional Roll Ball Players

This study aimed to determine the six-week circuit training's effect on the components of fitness of semi-professional roll ball players. To accomplish the goal of this study, sixty (60) roll ball players between the ages of fourteen and eighteen were chosen, and they were split into two equal groups: An experimental group (n = 30), and a control group (n = 30). The full duration of the circuit training program was six weeks with three sessions per week. In addition, the experimental group had a circuit training regimen which was added to their regular traditional regimen. The control group did not have a specified training program instead they had their routine regular regimen. The physical fitness variables selected as dependent variables were speed, agility, explosive power, upper body and shoulder girdle strength endurance, abdominal strength, and endurance. The speed was determined through the 50m dash run, Agility was measured with the 4 x 10m shuttle run performance, the explosive power was determined by Standing broad jump, and the abdominal strength was measured through bent knee sit-ups and the upper body and shoulder girdle strength were determined from pull-ups. The tests were conducted before and after the six weeks of circuit training. An eight-station circuit was formulated, and an adaptation period of two weeks was provided. Every two weeks, we added at least ten seconds to each station’s exercise. The data collected was analyzed by paired t-test to examine if any significant difference exists or not between pre–test and post-test scores of the experimental group as well as between the pre and post–test scores of the control group. An unpaired t-test has been used for determining if the difference between scores in the pretest of experimental and control groups is significant and for post-test equality of experimental and control groups as well. Mean, SD, and t-ratio were tested. Accordingly, it was determined that a six-week circuit training workout was highly effective as it had visible effects on all the selected parameters of physical fitness.