Behavior Of Players Research Articles

Analysis of Player Attitudes and Behaviors towards Different Mobile Games based on Variance

This article is based on a survey of farm games, MOBA arena games, women's games, asymmetric arena games, and open world games, all of which are mobile games. The data were collected through questionnaires. This paper analyzed player data for Obi Island, King of Glory, Shinning Nikki, Identity V, and Genshin Impact using analysis of Variance, One-way analysis of variance, and Pearson Analysis of Variance. The net result is a majority of women. The open-world game was the only one of the five where more than half of the players were male. Women's games require less time per day, but cost the most. Farming is a daily game that takes the most time but the least money. The conclusion of this article is that players can depend on the age of the player, the gender of the player, and the amount of time the player needs to spend per day. Players need to spend money these five aspects according to their own situation to choose suitable for their own games. Game developers can also adjust their publicity programs, plan programs, and improve their shortcomings according to the above factors.

Playful, Sociable, Cute, Quarantined – Interactions with Kawaii Characters in Animal Crossing: New Horizons During COVID-19

The implementation of social isolation policies in response to COVID-19 coincided with Nintendo’s video game Animal Crossing: New Horizons (also known as atsumare dōbutsu no mori) gaining popularity. At this time, the game served as a means of escape and comfort for those experiencing loneliness and anxiety. The kawaii animal characters that occupy the players’ island in this game are designed to elicit social responses from players as a central part of gameplay, through dialogue, animation, and character design. This article contributes to an emerging body of work that considers the social relations formed between kawaii characters and viewers, through a digital ethnography of English-speaking Animal Crossing fan practices on Twitter, Reddit and Instagram. A key appeal of Animal Crossing during COVID-19 lockdowns resided in its kawaii character design, which elicits caring and playful behaviours in players. Through design, the non-player characters shift between functioning as an object upon which players can act, to a simulated subject that encourages social interactions from the player and stimulates the imagination. Through this flexibility of appearing both ‘real’ and ‘unreal’, players could interact with characters according to their needs during social distancing.

A study on behavior of producers, retailers and speculators in futures and day-ahead markets: A Nash equilibrium model

Uncertainties in different parameters such as the output power of renewable energy sources, available capacity of generators, or the condition of grid lines in the future, face market players with financial risks in the power system. Futures contracts are used in parallel with the day-ahead electricity markets to protect market players against financial risks of undesirable price fluctuations. Supplying a demand by both futures and day-ahead markets leads to mutual impacts between these two markets. In this paper, a Nash equilibrium approach is introduced to model the interactions between the futures and day-ahead markets. The proposed model includes producers, retailers, and speculators as market players, the uncertainty in the output power of wind farms (WFs), the possibility of the financial settlement of contracts, market players' risk preferences, and transmission system limitations. Using this approach, the optimal strategy of market players in futures and day-ahead markets, the effects of transmission system congestion on the Nash equilibrium of the system, and the role of the financial settlement of contracts in dealing with the uncertainty of WFs' output power and transmission lines capacity are discussed. Eventually, the behavior of speculators and their impacts on the gaming of other market players are evaluated. Simulation results highlight the role of the financial delivery feature in the effective utilization of futures contracts and the behavior of market players.

The Generalized Stackelberg Equilibrium of the Two-Person Stopping Game

In modeling the bilateral selection of states of the process, Dynkin (Dokl Akad Nauk USSR 185:241–288, 1969) proposed a two-person game in which players use stopping moments as strategies. The purpose of this work is to present a model of the game in which the players have different information about the process itself, as well as various laws to stop the process and accept its state. The game model uses the stochastic process apparatus, in particular, the ability to create different filters for the same process. The sets of stopping moments based on different filters are not identical, which allows us to model different sets of strategies for players. We show that the follower, by observing the behavior of a rational leader, can recover information that is lost due to the lack of complete observation of the state of the process. In the competition of two opponents for the maximum of the i.i.d. sequence, one of whom has access to full information and the other only knows their relative ranks, we found the generalized Stackelberg equilibrium. If the priority of a player observing the relative ranks is less than 50%, then that player modifies his strategy based on the behavior of the second player. For a player with full information, information about the behavior of the player observing the relative ranks is useless.

Local energy communities with strategic behavior of multi-energy players for peer-to-peer trading: A techno-economic assessment

Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading for profit-driven communities in distribution networks (DNs) has become increasingly critical in terms of economic view especially in the absence of supportive subsidies for renewable generation. However, the risk behavior of local energy communities (LECs), as well as their inherent flexibility options, can affect the profit achieved through local energy trading. This paper seeks to carefully examine to what extent the aforementioned factors contribute to the economic value of P2P energy trading for LECs. To do this, a mathematical model is developed as a multi-leader–multi-follower game which is formulated as equilibrium problems with equilibrium constraints (EPEC). In this game, operators of different LECs are leaders while the market operator who is in charge of clearing the local community market and the distribution system operator (DSO) who is responsible for addressing security constraints of the grid are deemed as followers. In addition, the conditional value at risk (CVaR) technique is utilized to model the risk-averse behavior of communities’ operators. Finally, the model is implemented into a typical DN modified by three different types of LECs. The findings of the simulation highlight that P2P energy trading can bring financial gains for a typical community under certain conditions. Flexibility originated from distributed energy resources (DERs) and sector coupling within a community provide more profit in local energy trading for the community, but risk-averse strategies have the opposite effect.

Relationships between empathy and creativity in collective games: a comparison between handball and sitting ball.

In collective motor situations, creativity and empathy are central and strongly connected to cognitive and affective processes. Indeed, in the environment of high social uncertainty of games and sports, empathy would allow the player to anticipate motor behaviors in order to promote creative decision-making, i.e., to destabilize his opponents. On this basis, this study pursues two objectives. The first is to propose indicators to question the links between sociomotor empathy and motor creativity in an ecological situation. The second is to investigate the potential influence of the internal logic of two very different collective games (handball and Sitting ball) on the type of links that are woven between empathy and creativity. Two groups of students were recruited (n = 22 and 23) and participated in each of the games mentioned. The games were video recorded. The praxical communications made by each player were recorded and sorted by two trained observers. The results revealed major differences between the two studied collective games. In handball, there was a correlation between instrumental empathy (valuing cognitive aspects) and indicators of motor creativity (p < 0.05). The more creative the players are (quantity, diversity and quality of performance), the more they manage to accurately anticipate the behavior of other players. In Sitting Ball, there was no correlation between creativity indicators and instrumental empathy. On the other hand, it is noticed that instrumental empathy was correlated with socio-affective empathy (p < 0.001). To make their motor decisions, the players do not rely exclusively on the decoding of behaviors but significantly mobilize the feelings that they ascribe to the other co-participants. The results of this work invite reflection on the diversity of playful reading grids to be offered to students in order to develop their motor adaptability.

Adaptation of the Game Transfer Phenomena Scale into Spanish: Sensory-Perceptual Changes, Intrusive Thoughts, and Involuntary Behaviors in Mexican Video Game Players

Introduction: research on game transfer phenomena (GTP) is focused on understanding the impact of video game features and experiences on sensory perception, thoughts, and behaviors rather than on excessive/uncontrollable playing regardless of negative consequences. However, studies have shown a relationship between GTP and gaming disorder, and there is a resemblance between some forms of GTP and the perceptual disturbances that result as side effects of hallucinogens. Video game players have reported experiencing sensory perception changes (e.g., perceptual distortions of objects or environments and visual, auditory, or tactile hallucinations from games), intrusive thoughts, involuntary actions, and behaviors (e.g., the movement of fingers when interacting with game elements or a keyboard) . Objective: first, to adapt and validate the Game Transfer Phenomena Scale (GTPS) in Spanish with a Mexican sample. Second, to examine the adequacy of the frequency rating scale used in the GTPS. Method: cross-sectional survey with 607 players; most were males between 18 and 27 years old. Results: the higher-order factor model showed acceptable results. The prevalence of GTP was 96%. The number of game genres played and session length was correlated with all GTPS subscales, confirming the criterion validity. The examination of the frequency rating scale via the item response theory showed that selecting the second level of the scale “once” should be treated with caution. Discussion and conclusions: confirmatory factor analysis showed that the GTPS adapted into Spanish and tested in the Mexican sample was valid and reliable. Experiencing GTP more than once may be more meaningful for establishing the prevalence of GTP.

UNCERTAINTY VISUALIZATION FOR CHARACTERIZING HETEROGENEOUS HUMAN BEHAVIORS IN DISCRETE DYNAMICAL SYSTEM MODELS

When modeling human behavior in multi-player games, it is important to understand heterogeneous aspects of player behaviors. By leveraging experimental data and agent-based simulations, various data-driven modeling methods can be applied. This provides a great opportunity to quantify and visualize the uncertainty associated with these methods, allowing for a more comprehensive understanding of the individual and collective behaviors among players. For networked anagram games, player behaviors can be heterogeneous in terms of the number of words formed and the amount of cooperation among networked neighbors. Based on game data, these games can be modeled as discrete dynamical systems characterized by probabilistic state transitions. In this work, we present both Frequentist and Bayesian approaches for visualizing uncertainty in networked anagram games. These approaches help to elaborate how players individually and collectively form words by sharing letters with their neighbors in a network. Both approaches provide valuable insights into inferring the worst, average, and best player performance within and between behavioral clusters. Moreover, interesting contrasts between the Frequentist and Bayesian approaches can be observed. The knowledge and inferences gained from these approaches are incorporated into an agent-based simulation framework to further demonstrate model uncertainty and players’ heterogeneous behaviors.

Dietary intake of macro and micronutrients correspond with sleep behaviors in collegiate female soccer players

Both macro and micronutrient intakes have an impact on sleep behaviors in athletes, notably sleep onset latency and sleep efficiency. Proper nutrient intake supports daily muscle repair and synthesis of sleep regulating compounds (e.g., serotonin and melatonin). The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between sleep behaviors and dietary intake in elite college female athletes. It was hypothesized that dietary carbohydrates and vitamin intake would be associated with both sleep timing and consistency. Twenty-three female Division I collegiate soccer players were evaluated for their sleep and nutritional patterns. Athletes wore an OURA ring (OURA Health, Oulu, Finland) each night for 31 days during the competitive season. During the final three days, athletes recorded their dietary intake using the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24). All athletes were exposed to the same travel schedule throughout the evaluation period, which did not differ by more than one time zone. Pearson’s R with Bonferonni Correction was used to assess the relationship between the average daily intake of various nutrients with average nightly sleep behaviors. Total Vitamin B12 ( r=-0.63), added Vitamin B12 ( r=-0.62), and Vitamin C ( r=-0.53) were negatively correlated with average bedtimes (P&lt;0.01) while added Vitamin B12 ( r=-0.61) and Vitamin C ( r=-0.50) were also negatively associated with wake times (P&lt;0.01). Greater dietary intake of kcals from carbohydrates, with respect to recommended consumption, was associated with earlier bedtimes ( r=0.41, P&lt;0.05). In conclusion, greater intake of carbohydrates and vitamins B12 and C are associated with ideal sleep behaviors. A potential mechanism accounting for this relationship could be the enhanced contribution of antioxidants and glycemic load on the synthesis of vital hormones for sleep regulation, including serotonin and melatonin. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Mental health help-seeking preferences and behaviour in elite male rugby players

ObjectivesMental health symptoms and mental illnesses are common in elite athletes. There is an urgent need to develop care systems to support the mental health of elite athletes. Understanding elite...

A Game-Theoretic Analysis of Joint Mobile Edge Caching and Peer Content Sharing

<italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Mobile edge caching</i> allows edge devices to cache popular contents and deliver them to end-users directly, and hence can effectively alleviate the increasingly heavy backbone loads and improve the quality-of-service of end-users. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Peer content sharing</i> enables edge devices to share the cached contents with each other, and can further increase the caching capability and efficiency. While lots of research efforts have been made to edge caching or content sharing, it remains largely open to devise a joint caching and sharing framework and study the complicated technical and economic interplay between both technologies. In this paper, we propose a joint framework for mobile edge caching and peer content sharing, and focus on studying the strategic behaviors and interactions of edge devices in the joint framework. Specifically, we model their interactions as a non-cooperative game, where each edge device ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">player</i> ) can choose to be an <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">agent</i> (who caches and shares contents with others) or a <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">requester</i> (who doesn't cache but requests contents from other devices) of each content. We characterize the game equilibrium under a generic usage-based pricing scheme (for content sharing) and analyze its existence and uniqueness systematically. We further design a best response based iterative learning algorithm for players to update their behaviors and reach the equilibrium in a self-enforcing manner. Moreover, we analyze the Price of Anarchy (PoA) of the game equilibrium to measure the system performance degradation due to the selfish strategic behaviors of game players, based on which we further design a pricing scheme (for content sharing) to reduce such performance degradation. Simulations show that our framework can reduce the total system cost by up to 60%, comparing with the benchmark pure caching system without peer content sharing.

The Effect of Quiet Eye Training on the Gaze Behavior and Performance of Players in Volleyball Service

The Effect of Quiet Eye Training on the Gaze Behavior and Performance of Players in Volleyball Service

Concussion Knowledge and Self-Reported Behaviors in Youth Rugby Players and Their Coaches: A Population-Wide Cross-Sectional Survey.

To investigate concussion knowledge and self-reported behaviors in Italian youth rugby players and their coaches. To investigate predictors of lower concussion knowledge and association between athletes' self-reported knowledge and behavior. Cross-sectional, population-wide, survey study. All rugby clubs (n = 52) of the Veneto region (Italy). Players and coaches of all under 15, 17 and 19 teams. Overall, 1719 athlete surveys (92.2% male; response rate, 71.1%) and 235 coach surveys (93.6% male; response rate, 93.2%) were eligible for analysis. Surveys circulated from September 20 to December 13, 2021. Knowledge scores were reported as a percentage of correct answers. Descriptive statistics were reported for all answers. The primary outcomes were concussion knowledge and self-reported behaviors. The secondary outcomes were the association between knowledge and participant individual factors and self-reported behaviors. Median knowledge score for athletes was 55% (IQR: 44-67) and for coaches was 60% (IQR: 52.5-69). Only 33.3% of athletes and 40% of coaches were aware of an increased risk of a second concussion after sustaining one. Athletes who had never heard of the word concussion (effect: -9.31; SE: 1.35, 95% CI: -12.0 to -6.7; P < 0.0001) and coaches with longer coaching experience (effect: -4.35; SE: 2.0, 95% CI: -8.29 to -0.41; P < 0.03) reported lower knowledge scores. There was no statistical association between knowledge scores and athlete self-reported behavior. Athletes and coaches had a similar level of concussion knowledge. Knowledge score of athletes did not predict self-reported behaviors. Although enhanced concussion education should be undertaken, interventions to ensure appropriate concussion reporting behaviors are also required.

Why &lt;em&gt;Monopoly&lt;/em&gt; Monopolises Popular Culture Board Games

Why &lt;em&gt;Monopoly&lt;/em&gt; Monopolises Popular Culture Board Games

It's all about time: the influence of behaviour and timelines on suspect disclosure during investigative interviews

ABSTRACT Research on confession has usually focused on showing that it is significantly associated with individual, crime-related, and situational/contextual variables and is both a static event and a dichotomous indicator of interview success. Recent work, however, suggests that investigative interviews are a dynamic process in which interrogation strategies change over time. Using a Game Theory perspective, this study looks at the impact of behaviours of both players (interviewer and suspect) on the production of investigation-relevant information (IRI). The sub-objective is to demonstrate the usefulness of applying Game Theory to the study of investigative interviews by considering time and interaction between players as an integrative part of the analysis. Videotaped interviews related to online child sexual exploitation (n = 130) were analysed and the different behaviours of suspects and interviewers were analysed to determine if they involved (1) rapport building/active denial, (2) collaboration, (3) confrontation, (4) emotion/response, and (5) elicitation of information related to the case. Results showed that information relevant to the investigation is often provided shortly after a suspect has offered additional information or given responses that meet emotional needs (e.g. justifications). The interviewer's use of available evidence increases the likelihood that additional information will be provided, while the ability to build a rapport with the suspect is effective in the longer term, even if a positive effect is not immediately observed. Using a dynamic process approach in analysing investigative interviews provides a starting point for the creation of practical guidelines to help practitioners increase suspect collaboration during investigative interviews.

Esports and Olympic Games: a cross-cultural exploration of the player support behaviour towards the Olympics

PurposeDespite the advances in theory and practice about player behaviour in esports gaming literature, there is a lack of understanding as to whether esports are compatible with the values of Olympism and if they should be considered for future Games editions. The current study advances this line of research by examining esports player experiences, their effects on perceiving Olympic values, and the support towards the Olympics in order to verify if differences occur according to the cross-cultural environment.Design/methodology/approachUsing a sample of 671 esports amateur gamers from three countries (Portugal, Brazil and Japan), structural equation models and a multigroup analysis were performed to analyse the differences in the hypothesized paths existing between the groups.FindingsResults reveal that player in-game emotional experiences positively influence Olympic values perception across countries. The excellence and friendship values showed a positive effect on support intentions to the Games towards Portuguese and Brazilian players, while the respect value was the strongest predictor towards behavioural intentions in Japan. Cultural backgrounds and game genre in each country can explain player attitude towards the Olympic values shared on the online environment.Originality/valueThis study is able to provide a better understanding of how the Olympic values serve as a gratification in different cross-cultural environments according to the theory of uses and gratifications (U&G) and the theory of cultural dimensions. Complementarily, these findings can be used as valuable information for esports publishers and developers attempting to spread the Olympic values in the esports industry.

Better decision-making skills support tactical behaviour and reduce physical wear under physical fatigue in soccer.

The purpose of this study was to verify whether decision-making skills influence the tactical behavior and physical performance of soccer players under acute physical fatigue, assessed in an actual game-play. The sample was comprised of 24 trained soccer players (18.25 ± 1.48years old) from two Brazilian clubs grouped into two categories with 12 players each (with high and low decision-making skills). The assessment of decision making, tactical behavior, and physical performance were carried out using TacticUP®, FUT-SAT, and GPSports®, respectively. Acute physical fatigue was induced through the T-SAFT90 test. Results showed that under acute physical fatigue players with high decision-making skills maintained tactical behavior efficiency and had their paces reduced, in addition to displaying reduced total distance covered (p < 0.001), number of accelerations (p < 0.001), and decelerations (p < 0.001), and average movement speed (p < 0.001). On the other hand, players with low decision-making skills displayed reduced tactical behavior efficiency (p = 0.002) and maintained their movement pace under physical fatigue. It is concluded that decision-making skills contribute to players' tactical behavior efficiency under acute physical fatigue, besides promoting reduced physical strain in movement actions throughout the field.

Dietary behavior of video game players and esports players in Germany: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundVideo gaming and competitive gaming (esports) are gaining more and more recognition in society as well as in research. Increasingly, health-related topics are the focus of research on video game and esports players. Although video gaming is often associated with energy drinks and fast food, no studies have yet examined the players’ dietary behavior. Therefore, the aim of this cross-sectional study is to investigate the dietary behavior and additional health-related data of video game players and esports players in Germany.MethodsBetween July and October 2020, 817 participants (87.1% male; 24.2 ± 6.9 years), divided into video game players and esports players, were surveyed via an online questionnaire about their dietary, health, and gaming behaviors. Descriptive statistics were performed on all questions. To investigate statistically significant differences between video game players and esports players, the Mann–Whitney-U-Test and Kruskall-Wallis-Test were used. Partial Spearman correlations were used to examine possible associations between dietary behavior, health status, well-being, and video game playing time.ResultsWater was the primary source of fluid intake for the players (10.9 ± 7.0 l/week). The average weekly consumption of energy drinks was 0.4 ± 0.9 L. Energy drinks (rho = 0.14; p < 0.01) as well as soft drinks (rho = 0.14; p < 0.01) are positively correlated with the video game playing time. Participants ate 7.5 ± 10.4 servings of fast food per month, which has a positive association with video game playing time (rho = 0.13; p < 0.01). In contrast, vegetables (1.7 ± 1.6 servings/day) and fruits (0.9 ± 1.0 servings/day) are eaten almost daily.ConclusionIn this survey, the dietary behavior of video game players and esports players is similar to that of the German general population. Nevertheless, there is a need for improvement. Especially energy drinks, which are already documented to have adverse health effects, should be limited. In addition, the consumption of fast food and meat should also be reduced, and healthier foods such as fruits and vegetables should be increased instead. Early education and support regarding the associated risks with unhealthy foods is important within the target group.

Recognition and interfere deceptive behavior based on inverse reinforcement learning and game theory

In real-time strategy (RTS) games, the ability of recognizing other players' goals is important for creating artifical intelligence (AI) players. However, most current goal recognition methods do not take the player's deceptive behavior into account which often occurs in RTS game scenarios, resulting in poor recognition results. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes goal recognition for deceptive agent, which is an extended goal recognition method applying the deductive reason method (from general to special) to model the deceptive agent's behavioral strategy. First of all, the general deceptive behavior model is proposed to abstract features of deception, and then these features are applied to construct a behavior strategy that best matches the deceiver's historical behavior data by the inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) method. Final, to interfere with the deceptive behavior implementation, we construct a game model to describe the confrontation scenario and the most effective interference measures.

The Impact of Violent Online Games on Chinese Adolescents’ Social Relationships

Under the Chinese internet system's anti-addiction policy, online games, particularly those with violent functions, are banned, and some previous research has only examined the harmful effects of online gaming. This study examines the parents' relationship, peer relationship, and romantic relationship levels of teenagers' social relationships from the perspective of violent online games, as well as the gender variations in social relationship positivity. Specifically, Chinese teenagers were split into the violent game and non-violent game groups, gathered the adolescents' social interaction scores in three aspects via questionnaires, and conducted a quantitative study. The data revealed that violent online games had no significant influence on teenagers' moms, peers, or romantic connections, with the exception of their ties with their fathers. This demonstrates that in families affected by violent video games, the relationships between adolescents and their parents warrants further investigation and debate in order to attain healthier parent-child relationships through the examination of the mothers' relationship pattern. In addition, peer relationship and romantic relationship scores of adolescent violent game players revealed that social behavior in violent games does not influence the development of positive social interactions in the real world. In the study of gender differences, it was determined by comparing the overall differences in social relations between males and females with the differences in the violent game group that violent games are the primary factor that boosts males' enthusiasm for social relationships. Consequently, examining the online social behavior of male online violent gamers players could be a breakthrough in enhancing the social relationships of Chinese adolescents.