Style Of Play Research Articles

Strategi Penguatan Kreativitas Seniman Ketoprak DIY dari Tahun 1999 hingga Tahun 2009

Cultural identity in ketoprak performance should depart from all cultural products themselves. Strengthening the form of ketoprak performance in the middle of the era becomes important for artists in building their creativity. The strategy was designed so that people assume that ketoprak was theirs and able to be their representation. Based on the data collected, the number of groups, performances, and ketoprak artists in DIY were as follows. The number of groups in four districts and one municipality were 497 groups. The number of ketoprak showed from 1999-2009 was 145 times. The highest number of ketoprak groups was in Kulonprogo Regency, followed by Gunungkidul Regency, Bantul Regency, Sleman Regency, and finally the Municipality. The year 2005 was a milestone in the development of ketoprak to the present. The successful renewal of ketoprak shows can be seen by the number of shows which are 113 times over five years (from 2005 to 2009), which means that there were twenty ketoprak shows every year, and every month there were two ketoprak shows. The condition was triggered by several factors as follows. First, local government awareness to determined the icon of DIY tourism as part of globalization. Second, the awareness of artists to package performances that match the demands of the times. Third, awareness of the artistic layout strategy using symbolic and supported by Tobong ketoprak tricks. Fourthly, the influence of ketoprak humor and ketoprak R&D which still uses the style of play and jokes, causes the ketoprak show to be no longer a mere political tool, but a tool and place of friendship for the citizens. Fifth, the story was no longer based on myths, chronicles and legends, but penetrated the wayang story but with a more contextual interpretation of the story with the present. By seeing the many activities of ketoprak performances in DIY it can be said if ketoprak has become an icon of culture and tourism in DIY. Ketoprak performances tread its survival was no longer a traditional art, but has become a form of modernist art. Over the past ten years, the ketoprak show has experienced quite improved conditions. The vigilance of artists and audiences must be constantly reminded. The trick was to continuing to enhance the role of government as a protector of arts and culture. The ketoprak festival must continuing to be held continuously. Improving the skills of ketoprak artists must continuing to be sharpened. Of course the friendship between Ketoprak artists must continuing to be encouraged. Government’s appreciation for ketoprak artists must be increased.Keywords: identity; ketoprak; strengthening; globalization

The Effect of Concussive Injury on Individual Game Performance in Professional Collision-Sport Athletes

Clinical Scenario: Collision sports are often at higher risk of concussion due to the physical nature and style of play. Typically, initial clinical recovery occurs within 7 to 10 days; however, even this time frame may result in significant time lost from play. Little has been done in previous research to analyze how individual game performance may be affected upon return to play postconcussion. Focused Clinical Question: Upon return-to-play clearance, how does sport-related concussion affect game performance of professional athletes in collision sports? Summary of Key Findings: All 3 studies included found no significant change in individual performance of professional collision-sport athletes upon returning to play from concussive injury. One of the studies indicated that there was no difference in performance for NFL athletes who did not miss a single game (returned within 7 d) and those who missed at least 1 game. One study indicated that although there was no change in performance of NFL players upon returning to play from sustained concussion, there was a decline in performance in the 2 weeks before the diagnosed injury and appearing on the injury report. The final study indicated that there was no difference in performance or style of play of NHL athletes who missed time due to concussive injury when compared with athletes who missed games for a noninjury factor. Clinical Bottom Line: There was no change in performance upon return from concussive injury suggesting that players appear to be acutely recovered from the respective concussion before returning to play. This suggests that current policies and management properly evaluate and treat concussed athletes of these professional sports. Strength of Recommendation: Grade C evidence exists that there is no change in individual game performance in professional collision-sport athletes before and after suffering a concussion.

A Smart Analysis of Technical Skills of Top Male Table Tennis Players

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to evaluate technical skills of top male table tennis players in the world in 2017. Subjects used for this study were top four male table tennis players who got into the semifinal more times than other players during both 2017 International Table Tennis Professional Tour and World Table Tennis Championships. Data collected were analyzed statistically using percentage, regression, and assessment methods that were designed specially for table tennis. The following three points could be concluded: (1) From the overall technical analysis of four top players, it showed that they got the ‘pass’ grades in score percentage and usage of the three-staged techniques. Ma Long and Fan Zhendong in particular got the ‘excellent’ grades. Technical skills of these four top players were versatile. Their styles of play were unique; all of them received excellent in the evaluation of three-staged techniques. (2) ‘Attack after serve’ technique was the main technical skill used to play and score the points throughout the game by Ma Long and Fan Zhendong. Ovtcharov only got the ‘good’ grade in ‘attack after serve’, but got the ‘excellent’ grades in both ‘attack after receive’ and ‘rally’. Because of his excellent skill in ‘attack after receive’ and ‘rally’, he was well known in the field of table tennis throughout the world. Xu Xin got the ‘pass’ grade in ‘rally’. Even though Xu Xin showed excellent performance in three-staged techniques, he was no better than other players. In the future, Xu Xin should improve his stability and score percentage in ‘rally’ in order to get better results. (3) Serve, attack after serve using forehand stroke, attack after receive using backhand stroke, continuous forehand stroke attack, and continuous backhand stroke attack were the main technical skills which could be used to predict the result of the game for winning 2017 World Table Tennis Championships in men’s single event.

NBA team home advantage: Identifying key factors using an artificial neural network.

What determines a team’s home advantage, and why does it change with time? Is it something about the rowdiness of the hometown crowd? Is it something about the location of the team? Or is it something about the team itself, the quality of the team or the styles it may or may not play? To answer these questions, season performance statistics were downloaded for all NBA teams across 32 seasons (83–84 to 17–18). Data were also obtained for other potential influences identified in the literature including: stadium attendance, altitude, and team market size. Using an artificial neural network, a team’s home advantage was diagnosed using team performance statistics only. Attendance, altitude, and market size were unsuccessful at improving this diagnosis. The style of play is a key factor in the home advantage. Teams that make more two point and free-throw shots see larger advantages at home. Given the rise in three-point shooting in recent years, this finding partially explains the gradual decline in home advantage observed across the league over time.

EFFECTS OF RULE CHANGES ON PERFORMANCE EFFICACY: DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WINNERS AND LOSERS TABLE TENNIS PLAYERS

The goal of this study was to analyze the differences in table tennis games between winning and losing players, considering changes of rules. The data taken from four major rule changes in 122 games between 244 players in the period 1996-2015 were analyzed. Performance indicators were 30 technical and tactical activities (type, total number, and stroke outcome) as well as serve and return activities (type, total number, serve outcome, and return outcome). A Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon nonparametric test (p≤0.05) was done. The results showed that the number of strokes per points considering change of rules varied, while domination of forehand play remained. The existence of statistically significant differences between winners and losers in all the analyzed periods: playing with a 38 mm ball to 21 points in eight activities, playing with a 40 mm ball till 21 points in one activity, playing with a 40 mm ball till 11 points in seven activities, and playing with new racket coverings in 14 activities were noted. The results showed the existence of different playing patterns, styles of play, and performance profiles for winning. Nowadays, players use, to a larger extent, different ways to win, but the effectiveness of the serve and return play gained importance.

Evaluating the effectiveness of styles of play in elite soccer

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of styles of play in soccer and the influence of contextual variables (i.e. match status, venue and quality of opposition). Team possessions ( n = 68,766) from the 380 matches of the 2015–2016 English Premier League season were collected for this study. The Possession Effectiveness Index, based on Expected Goals and Ball Movement Points metrics, was used to measure the effectiveness of team possessions. Linear mixed models were applied to analyse the influence of contextual variables on the effectiveness score for each style. Results showed that the effectiveness of Direct Play, Counterattack, Maintenance and Crossing significantly increased when teams were winning by two or more goals. Counterattack increased its effectiveness when teams were winning by one goal and reduced its effectiveness when losing by one goal. The effectiveness of Direct Play increased when losing by two goals or more. Playing away negatively affected the effectiveness of Direct Play, Maintenance and High Pressure. In addition, playing against a stronger opposition reduced the effectiveness of all styles of play. The results suggest that the effectiveness of styles of play changes under specific circumstances and that not all contextual variables affect them in the same way.

Digitizing the Txalaparta: Computer-Based Study of a Traditional Practice

Abstract This article describes a software implementation dealing with the ancient Basque musical tradition of the txalaparta. The research is different from earlier studies of the txalaparta in that, by digitizing the instrument and its performance rules, we have had to formalize and make explicit conventions that hitherto have been tacit knowledge of improvisational practice. Analysis through software development is an unusual case of musicological analysis as it demands clarity and precision, and often requires multidisciplinary approaches to understand the studied subject. We have developed software in order to analyze and understand a practice that has received little musicological analysis. By expounding musical patterns and performers' behaviors that have hitherto been difficult to analyze, we reveal the social and cultural aspects of performance practice. The txalaparta is a two-performer instrument and the software produces txalaparta rhythms and plays along with a human player, while learning and adapting to the player's style. The system helps novices to explore the rules of the txalaparta and more-experienced performers to approach the instrument from a new perspective. In this research we have applied a user-centered approach, where feedback from players using the digital txalaparta was collected. This feedback allowed us to approach the reflective vision of txalaparta players and their thoughts on the results of our research.

Training Performance of Recurrent Neural Network using RTRL and BPTT for Gamelan Onset Detection

Gamelan is one of Indonesia’s traditional musical instruments. Signal variations in gamelan music are caused by differences in play style and the process of making gamelan. Gamelan music analysis usually using supervised learning method like Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). This paper will compare the performance of Simple Recurrent Neural Network training process using a gradient-based algorithm Backpropagation Through Time (BPTT) and Real-Time Recurrent Learning (RTRL) algorithm. The performance of the algorithm during training process was necessary to be evaluated, in order to know which algorithm has better performance and faster process to approach convergences on the training method of the recurrent neural network. The performance results of the algorithm training process will be compared and evaluated by the means of a Normalized Negative Log-likelihood (NNL). BPTT resulted better and faster forming convergence in terms of the number of epoch parameter with NNL 0.0121 In terms of the value of learning rate, BPTT perform better at learning rate 0.1 with NNL 0.0174 and RTRL performs better at learning rate 0.4 with NNL 0.0382.

A Study on Changes to the Form of Children’s Playgrounds in Japan by Analyzing the JILA Selected Works of Landscape Architecture

The aim of this study is to present the varieties of changes to children’s playgrounds over the past 26 years, depicting the stages of the design process in designing playgrounds based on an adult perspective to encourage children to play more in today’s changing society. Fourteen Japanese selected works from 1992 (first issue) to 2018 (the latest issue) were chosen for analysis. By analyzing the titles, descriptions, ichnographies, photos, and critical design reviews, the form of and changes to children’s playgrounds are revealed in this paper. Results show the quantitative trends and qualitative changing patterns related to children’s play. Daily physical playing was considered crucial in the first decade of the 1900s. In the 2000s, natural education activities were given more importance, while in recent years exercise play and variety of play have been given more attention. According to the results, we have to consider not only the richness of daily playing facilities, but also the broader aspect of playability, more than just including natural elements into designs, or increasing the variety of play styles. The different ways children enjoy play and the future design trends are also discussed in the last part of the article. Changes corresponding to the improvement of technology should be made to make playgrounds more attractive for children. This study could serve as a design reference for professionals.

Scaling Demands of Soccer According to Anthropometric and Physiological Sex Differences: A Fairer Comparison of Men's and Women's Soccer.

Spectators frequently harass female soccer players, and women’s soccer is frequently compared negatively to men’s soccer by writers who make the comparison without the backing of any data and without taking into account anthropometric and physiological differences between the sexes. This affects female soccer players’ self-confidence negatively and contributes to an undeservedly negative image of women’s soccer. In the present paper, we argue that most differences between men’s and women’s soccer can be explained by women having to adapt to rules and regulations that are suited for men and their physical attributes. Thus, games are much more demanding for women. Furthermore, we argue that if men had to play with a degree of adaptation similar to that which women do today, they would have to alter their style of play radically. As support for our argument, we scale game demands for male and female soccer players according to anthropometric and physiological differences in order to highlight the differences, and use these to predict what would be the most appropriate adaptations. Finally, we show that our predictions are largely supported by the scarce pool of comparable data across the sexes.

Invalid Interpretation of Passing Sequence Data to Assess Team Performance in Football: Repairing the Tarnished Legacy of Charles Reep

Background: The relative effectiveness of different styles of play at football has long been the source of heated controversy. The use of passing sequence data has recently been exploited as definitive proof that possession football is more efficient than direct play at producing goals. This has resulted in a number of high profile books, papers and websites claiming that the conclusions of Charles Reep, the founder of football performance analysis and a strong advocate of a direct style, were flawed. Objective: The first objective is to explain why passing sequence data cannot be used to give information about the relative merits of direct and possession play and hence why the recent harsh criticisms being made about Reep, his methodology and his conclusions are themselves flawed. The second objective is to review more logical and valid methods of analysis which can be used to assess the effectiveness of different tactics, strategies and playing styles. The third objective is to outline how this methodology has been put to practical and successful use for many years by a handful of performance analysts, but largely ignored by the academic community Conclusion: A short passing sequence cannot be used as a proxy for direct play. The uncritical way in which flawed conclusions based on this false assumption have multiplied has unjustly tarnished the legacy of Charles Reep. Other methods exist to examine the relative merits of different playing styles. These should be revisited, especially at a time when more and more performance data is becoming available.

Influence of Match Status on Players' Prominence and Teams' Network Properties During 2018 FIFA World Cup.

The analyses of players and teams’ behaviors during the FIFA World Cup may provide a better understanding on how football tactics and strategies have developed in the past few years in elite football. The Social Network Analysis (SNA) has been carried out in the investigations about passing distribution, improving the understanding on how players interact and cooperate during a match. In football official matches, studies have used the SNA as a means of coding players’ cooperation and opposition patterns. However, situational variables such as match status were previously investigated and associated with changes on teams’ dynamics within and/or between matches, but were not considered in studies based on Social Network Analysis. This study aimed to analyze the influence of match status on teams’ cooperation patterns and players’ prominence according to playing positions during 2018 FIFA World Cup. Fourteen matches of the knockout stage were analyzed. Macro and micro network measures were obtained from adjacency matrixes collected for each team, in each match status (winning, drawing, and losing). A one-way ANOVA was used to compare teams’ networks (macro-analysis variables) within each match status, while a two-way ANOVA (match status × playing position) was used to compare the micro-analysis variables. Results showed no differences between match status for macro analysis. Winning situations induced higher prominence in central midfielders (0.107; p = 0.001), wide midfielders (0.093; p = 0.001), and center forward (0.085; p = 0.001), while in losing situations lower prominence levels were observed for goalkeepers (0.044; p = 0.001) and center forward (0.074; p = 0.001). Data revealed that teams do not change macrostructures according to match status. On the other hand, the microstructures showed important adaptations regarding game styles, with changes in players’ behaviors according to playing positions. In general, the levels of centrality and prestige in players of different positions indicated a more direct play style in winning situations and a more build-up style in losing situations. These results allow a better understanding about the influence of match status on players’ and teams’ performance during high-level football competitions and may help coaches to improve athletes’ performance in these situations.

Network-based centrality measures and physical demands in football regarding player position: Is there a connection? A preliminary study

ABSTRACTThis study’s main objective is to analyse the relationship between network-based centrality measures and physical demands in elite football players. Thirty-six matches from La Liga, the Spanish league, were analysed in the 2017/18 season. The analysis of networks formed by team players passing the ball included: degree-prestige (DP), degree-centrality (DC), betweenness-centrality (BC), page-rank (PRP) and closeness-centrality (IRCC). A video-based system was used for analysing total distance (TDpos) and distance run >21Km/h (TD21pos) when the team was in possession of the ball. A magnitude-based inference and correlation analysis were applied. There were different styles of play, team-A was characterized by greater ball circulation (e.g. higher values of DP, DC, BC and IRCC) while team-B used a more direct game (lower values in centrality-metrics except with PRP). Furthermore, TDpos was higher in team-A than in team-B, but those differences disappeared for TD21pos between teams with the exception of the forwards. Finally, the correlation among centrality measures and physical performance were higher in team-B. Coaches could identify the key opponents and players who are linked to them, allowing to adjust performance strategies. Furthermore, interaction patterns between teammates can be used to identify preferential paths of cooperation and to take decisions regarding these relations in order to optimize team performance.

Big brother’s little sister: the ideological construction of women’s super league

This article explores the structure and culture of the Football Association (FA) in relation to the development of England’s first semiprofessional female soccer league—Women’s Super League (WSL). Through observations and interviews, we examined the planning and operationalization of WSL. Drawing on critical feminist literature and theories of organizational change, we demonstrate the FA’s shift from tolerance of the women’s game, through opposition, to defining and controlling elite female club football as a new product shaped by traditional conceptualizations of gender. The labyrinthine structures of the FA abetted the exclusion of pre-WSL stakeholders, allowing the FA to fashion a League imagined as both qualitatively different to elite men’s football in terms of style of play, appealing to a different fan base, yet inextricably bound to men’s clubs for support. It concludes by providing recommendations for how organizational change might offer correctives to the FA approach to developing WSL.

Observing Children’s Play Activity Using the Children’s Developmental Play Instrument (CDPI): A Qualitative Validity Study

ABSTRACTThis is a qualitative study of three children’s play activity and the concept of children’s play styles using the Children’s Developmental Play Instrument (CDPI). A brief summary description of the CDPI and the concept of play styles introduces the reader to the play scale. Two of the children’s play activity was previously rated as part of a larger quantitative study (N = 160) as manifesting attributes of the inhibited/conflicted play style. A third child was selected as a comparison example whose play activity was observed as predominantly manifesting the adaptive play style. Each child’s play activity is described in detail and analyzed using categories of the CDPI. Peer play and solitary play activity are discussed to illustrate individual differences in coping with the challenges confronting children at this age as they enter preschool. The authors use this issue to clarify the contributions of qualitative analysis to the understanding of play styles.

Investigating lineout performance between the top and bottom four English Premiership rugby union teams in the 2016/17 season

ABSTRACTThis study investigated lineout performance between the top and bottom four English Premiership rugby union teams during the 2016/17 season. A season long review was conducted analysing all of the top four (n = 1152) and bottom four teams’ (n = 1124) lineouts. Findings showed the number of tries scored originating from a lineout play for the top four teams’ (1.57 tries per match) was higher in comparison to the bottom four teams’ (1.10 tries per match) (p < .05). Lineout success did not change between the top (87%) and bottom (85%) four teams (p > .05). However, the top four teams were more effective in stealing opposition possession at a lineout (17%) compared to the bottom four teams (9%, p < .05). Additionally, top four teams showed a more forwards orientated style of play using binding actions (top = 62%, bottom = 56%, p < .05) and maul formation (top = 55%, bottom = 47%, p < .05). These results suggest coaches should focus on analysis of opposition tactics in lineout play in an aim to develop effective strategies to steal opposition possession at a lineout.

The Statistical Examination of Winning and Succeeding in Sports

Certain statistical strategies that cater to a particular team's style of play can enable a team to establish a competitive advantage in a sporting event. The purpose of this paper is to cultivate a linear statistical model that contributes to the of a competitive sporting game between two teams. Using a linear metric, this paper also examines the relationship between the of both teams and the scoreboard outcomes of these respective sporting events. This linear statistical model is independent of the given score of a sporting event. This researcher uses empirical data from 5,200 games in the 2017-2018 season across all 4 major professional sports leagues in North America (MLB, NBA, NFL, NHL). Results suggest that roughly 94% of the scoreboard outcomes agree with the instituted in this study. The results also highlight Coach Wooden's distinction between winning and succeeding where the conclusion of 306 games comprises of winning teams that do not have a higher success rate than the losing team. The principles of the statistical metric used in this paper provide practical implications in economics through game theory and technical analysis in finance.

Comparative advantage as a success factor in football clubs: Evidence from the English Premier League (EPL)

As in international trade, football clubs can benefit more if they specialize in what they have or can create comparative advantage. In a world of scarce resources, clubs need to identify what makes them successful and invest accordingly. The main objective of this study is to understand what influences the success of football teams in the English Premier League (EPL) championship games. Based on Ricardo’s model of comparative advantage and applying Factor analysis as well as Panel data approach, this study investigates the need for specialization and tradeoffs between defensive and offensive patterns of the game in order for EPL clubs to be more successful. The data used in this study covers the period 2010-2017 of the EPL data. The results reveal that, in general, a better defense is slightly more important for success. The outcomes were different for the top- and bottom-ranking clubs. We found that it is more important for bottom-ranking teams to play better defensively than offensively, while for top-performing teams, the probability of success is more affected by offensive style. In addition, there is a tradeoff between these two styles of play; when bottom-ranking teams try to play better defensively, it often comes at the expense of a poor offensive pattern, but almost no one plays offense at the expense of a poor defense. Unlike the bottom-ranking teams, the top-ranking teams did not face tradeoffs, but they were able to improve both their defensive and offensive patterns. The recommendation put forward by this study argue that bottom-ranking clubs should specialize first in defense.

СREATIVE PORTRAIT OF PROMINANT VIOLINIST (IN MEMORY OF SERHIY OREL)

Serhiy Orel (1952–2017) – an outstanding violinist, original composer, Carpathian folklore interpreter, teacher, organizer of musical work, born in Kolomyia in the family of a choral singing teacher and multi-instrumentalist Stepan Orel. He studied at the Lysenko Musical Institute Branch since the age of six years in Matviy Ruzichner’s violin class. He proved himself as a gifted improviser, while gaining universal academic violin education. In his student days at D. Sichynsky College in Ivano-Frankivsk he began composing music and orchestrating his favourite classical works. He deeply immersed in folklore, collaborated with well-known Hutsul virtuosos-performers on the flute traditional instruments – Vasyl Popadiuk (1940–1991), Mykhaylo Tymofiiv (1944), violinist Petro Terpeliuk (1941–2012), cymbalist Vasyl Myroniuk. He gained performance experience while serving together with them Huzul wedding ceremonies in a manner aimed at folk authentication and adopted traditional huzul folklore repertoire using oral method. At the time of obtaining higher education at the Kyiv Institute of Culture (specialty of folk bandmaster), S. Orel already had a two-year record of the soloist and bandmaster of the Hutsul song-and-dance ensemble of the Ivano-Frankivsk Philharmonia, as well as the experience of Kolomyia musical bands director. Musician’s move to the village of Deliatyn, Nadvirna district of Ivano-Frankivsk region in 1977 became fateful major shift, where he, having taken a position of the musical school director, founded together with his wife – singer Liubov Orel (Bilinkevych) the Arkan orchestra. Having rallied first nine participants he created his music piece – musical adaptation of Arkan Hutsul dance. Subsequently, the entire band’s repertory was developing of personal orchestrations and musician’s own works. The general features of his orchestral style include the improvisatory enriched themes of the violin-solo part, main texture load on the string group (violin solo, three parts of violin, viola, cello, contrabass), fipple flute and cymbal second parts, accordeon’s chordal and harmonic functions, tambourine rhythmic patterns, which highlight melody features. A year later, the orchestra gained “folk” title and represented Hutsul region in contests and festivals taking winner awards. Today, about 3,000 S. Orel’s note developments are known, including his own vocal and instrumental works, numerous orchestrations of Ukrainian and multi-ethnic folklore, interpretation of famous composer miniatures, church choral works, author’s music for children’s performances and theatrical productions, genre music pieces for violins and cymbals with orchestra. The phenomenon of the violin-interpreter had an impact on a style of play of presently municipal Arkan folk music orchestra founded by Serhiy Orel, which represents in complex the creative achievements of its artistic director across different scenes of Ukraine and worldwide.

Expressive innovation: How first-year college students introduced emoticons to the curriculum

For the initiated, college may be remembered as a care-free and playful time. However, for contemporary college students the transition to college is challenging with only 1 in 3 returning for their second year of study, and the challenges are even greater for first-generation and low-income students. The interactive digital platform of the current study invited low-income first-year students to write about and reflect upon their transition to college. It was through the higher order cognitive process of writing, which involved deciding which words, symbols, and punctuation to use to express a particular thought to a particular audience, that the students made-sense of their experiences. Our analyses detail how students integrated new approaches for communicating their thoughts in writing and how these techniques changed over time. We show how first-year students used the affordances of the keyboard and an interactive blog to create a reflective and supportive digital writing style somewhere between the formality of the college essay and the freewheeling social media post. The emerging playful style was marked by the introduction of computer-mediated communication (CMC) cues typical of social media platforms like Twitter and Facebook, including emoticons and emojis, hashtags, repeated capital letters, repeated punctuation, and abbreviations such as lol, to the college course context. A path analysis of 209 blog posts and 161 comments over four time points, coupled with a qualitative case study showed that students developed their use of CMC cues first on the social level through comments and later on the individual level in their posts. Our analyses show how students integrated CMC cues to communicate humor and critique as they created a new genre of college writing. The social support and the CMC cues were concretely relevant to the students’ development of knowledge and practice of what it meant to write in college and what it meant to become a college student.