Translational Platform Research Articles

Building a Collaborative Translational Research Platform: Identifying Barriers and Enablers From Basic Research to Primary Healthcare

Building a Collaborative Translational Research Platform: Identifying Barriers and Enablers From Basic Research to Primary Healthcare

Evidence for glial reactivity using positron-emission tomography imaging of translocator Protein-18 kD [TSPO] in both sham and nerve-injured rats in a preclinical model of orofacial neuropathic pain.

Chronic neuropathic pain is a debilitating condition that results from damage to the nervous system. Current treatments are largely ineffective, with limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms hindering development of effective treatments. Preclinical models of neuropathic pain have revealed that non-neural changes are important for the development of neuropathic pain, although these data are derived almost exclusively from post-mortem histological analyses. Although these static snapshots have provided valuable data, they cannot provide insights into non-neural cell changes that could be also assessed in human patients with chronic pain. In this study we used translocator protein 18kDa (TSPO) PET imaging with [18F]PBR06 to visualise in-vivo, the activity of macrophages and microglia in a rodent preclinical model of trigeminal neuropathic pain. Using chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (ION-CCI) we compared temporal changes in TSPO binding in male rats, prior to, and up to 28days after ION-CCI compared with both sham-injured and naïve counterparts. Unexpectedly, we found significant increases in TSPO signal in both ION-CCI and sham-injured rats within the trigeminal ganglion, spinal trigeminal nucleus and paratrigeminal nucleus during the initial phase following surgery and/or nerve injury. This increased TSPO binding returned to control levels by day 28. Qualitative histological appraisal of macrophage accumulation and glial reactivity in both ION-CCI and sham-injured rats indicated macrophage accumulation in the trigeminal ganglion and microglial reactivity in the brainstem trigeminal complex. These findings show, glial changes in the peripheral nerve and brain in both nerve-injured and sham-injured rats in a preclinical model of neuropathic pain which provides a platform for translation into human patients.

Boosting human immunology: harnessing the potential of immune organoids.

Studying the human immune system in vivo is challenging and often not possible. Therefore, most human immunology studies have been predominantly confined to peripheral blood analyses, which by themselves have inherent limitations, as many immune reactions take place within tissues. For example, potent antibody responses that contribute to fighting infections and provide protection following vaccination require cellular interactions between B cells and T cells in specialized micro-anatomical structures called germinal centers, which are found in secondary lymphoid organs such as spleen, lymph nodes, and tonsils. Thus, there is a clear demand for novel enhanced experimental systems that faithfully recapitulate the intricate dynamics of the human immune system as much as possible. In this review, we discuss recent advances in versatile human tonsil/adenoid tissue-based ex vivo immune organoid cultures as well as related cancer and autoimmunity-focused experimental setups. These systems have been implemented as translational immunology platforms for in-depth analyses of human B and T cell-mediated immune responses, thereby facilitating mechanistic studies as well as drug and vaccine testing in a human-first approach.

Abstract A012: Development of a translational tumoroid-organoid platform revealing tumor-specific radiosensitization in rectal cancer using matched patient-derived models

Abstract Background: Radiation therapy in rectal cancer treatment is limited by variable tumor responses among patients and harmful effects on normal tissues. We developed a translational human tumoroid-organoid platform to assess novel tumor-specific strategies for radiation sensitization using matched patient-derived models. Methods: Fifteen rectal cancer-derived tumoroids and three matched normal tissue-derived organoids were established from patients, representing primary tumors, metastases, and recurrences. Four tumoroids were derived from a single patient, encompassing different disease stages: primary tumor and splenic metastasis (pre-progression), and rectal and vaginal recurrences (post-progression). To evaluate tumor-specific radiation sensitizers, both tumoroids and their matched normal organoids were treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), one of four DNA damage repair inhibitors (DDRis; ATMi, DNA-PKi, PARPi, or ATRi), or a DMSO control. Following treatment, samples were irradiated, and cell viability was measured. We assessed intrinsic radiation sensitivity under control conditions and radiosensitizer efficacy using a linear regression model with log-transformed cell viability as the outcome. Whole-exome sequencing characterized the mutation profiles of the tumoroids. Results: Intrinsic radiosensitivity was heterogeneous among tumoroids, with a 10–28% decrease in cell growth per unit increase in radiation dose. Critically, when comparing tumoroids to their matched normal organoids, we observed greater sensitization in tumoroids across all cases and for all DDRis, demonstrating tumor-specific radiosensitization. The most potent radiosensitizer relative to DMSO was DNA-PKi in 7 tumoroids, ATMi in 4 tumoroids, and PARPi in 1 tumoroid. Tumoroids derived after disease progression exhibited increased resistance to radiation and a diminished degree of sensitization with DDRi treatment compared to pre-progression tumoroids. Despite variations in radiation sensitivity and DDRi responses, the genetic profiles of the tumoroids remained largely unchanged. Conclusion: We developed a translational ex vivo tumoroid-organoid platform using matched patient-derived models to test tumor-specific radiation sensitizers in rectal cancer. This platform allowed us to determine tumor-specific sensitization by directly comparing tumoroids with matched normal organoids, demonstrating greater sensitization in tumoroids. Our findings highlight the potential of this platform to uncover precise, tumor-selective treatment options, improve patient responses, reduce toxicity, and address resistant tumors in patients with disease progression. Citation Format: Wini Zambare, Chao Wu, Hannah Kalvin, Hanchen Huang, Sara Yoder, Michael Del Latto, Maria Kierstead, Satoru Meguro, Xi Steven Chen, Mithat Gonen, J. Joshua Smith, Paul B. Romesser. Development of a translational tumoroid-organoid platform revealing tumor-specific radiosensitization in rectal cancer using matched patient-derived models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Translating Targeted Therapies in Combination with Radiotherapy; 2025 Jan 26-29; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2025;31(2_Suppl):Abstract nr A012.

Differences in treatment outcome between translational platforms in developing therapies for gastrointestinal cancers.

The variability in translational models profoundly impacts the outcomes and predictive value of preclinical studies for gastrointestinal (GI) cancer treatments. Preclinical models, including 2D cell cultures, 3D organoids, patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), and animal models, provide distinct advantages and limitations in replicating the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) of human cancers. Each model's unique biological and structural differences contribute to discrepancies in treatment responses, challenging the direct translation of experimental results to clinical settings. While 2D cell cultures are cost-effective and suitable for high-throughput screening, they lack the 3D architecture and cellular interactions of the in vivo TME. Organoids offer a more comprehensive 3D structure that better mirrors tumor heterogeneity, yet they still face limitations in fully mimicking in vivo conditions, such as vascularization and immune cell interactions. PDXs, although more representative of human cancers due to their genetic fidelity and TME preservation, are costly and resource-intensive, with human stromal and immune components gradually replaced by murine counterparts over time. This review assesses the strengths and limitations of each model, highlighting recent advancements in translational platforms that incorporate complex TME features. Understanding the influence of model selection on treatment efficacy predictions is essential for enhancing the reliability of preclinical findings and advancing personalized therapeutic strategies for GI cancers.

Large Animal Epilepsy Model Platform: Kainic Acid Porcine Model of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

Translational animal models are essential for advancing neuromodulation therapies for drug-resistant epilepsy. Large animal epilepsy models that accommodate implantable neuromodulation devices designed for humans are needed to advance electrical brain stimulation and sensing applicaitons. We establish a kainic acid (KA) porcine model of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) for pre-clinical research and development of novel stimulating therapies. We developed a platform integrating MRI-guided stereotactic electrode and chemotoxin delivery with intraoperative and long-term electrophysiology monitoring. Six domestic pigs underwent MRI-guided stereotactic implantation of bilateral hippocampal (HPC) and anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) electrodes, followed by KA infusion into the right HPC. Local field potential (LFP) monitoring was conducted intraoperatively with a bedside workstation and chronically with an implantable neural sensing and recording (INSR) device designed for human use. Cresyl violet staining, commonly used to visualize neurons, was used to assess the neuropathophysiological effect of the KA infusion. KA infusion led to the emergence of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs), acute status epilepticus (SE), and spontaneous seizure activity. Acute IEDs and electrographic SE was observed in all cases, with two pigs euthanized due to uncontrolled seizures. Of the surviving four pigs, spontaneous IEDs were detected in all, and spontaneous seizures within 2 weeks were observed in three. Seizures in freely behaving animals varied from subclinical events to focal and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Single pulse evoked response potentials (SPEP) measured in two pigs demonstrated functional connectivity between ANT and HPC circuits. Neuronal disorganization and loss, both major components of mTLE neuropathology were observed. The KA-induced porcine mTLE model supports the feasibility of testing human neuromodulation devices and provides a translational platform for studying therapeutic electrical sensing and stimulation. In particular, the model should be useful for advancing automated seizure diaries, closed-loop and adaptive therapies targeting Papez circuit nodes.

The Slovenian translational platform GlioBank for brain tumour research: identification of molecular signatures of glioblastoma progression

Abstract Background Glioblastoma (GB) is one of the most lethal solid tumours in humans, with an average patient life expectancy of 15 months and 5-year survival rate of 5–10%. GB is still uncurable due to tumour heterogeneity and invasive nature as well as therapy-resistant cancer cells. Centralised biobanks with clinical data and corresponding biological material of GB patients facilitate the development of new treatment approaches and the search for clinically relevant biomarkers, with the goal of improving outcomes for GB patients. The aim of this study was firstly to establish a Sloveniantranslation platform, GlioBank, and secondly to demonstrate its utility through the identification of molecular signatures associated with GB progression and patient survival. Methods GlioBank contains tissue samples and corresponding tumour models as well as clinical data from patients diagnosed with glioma, with a focus on GB. Primary GB cells, glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) and organoids have been established from fresh tumour biopsies. We performed expression analyses of genes associated with GB progression and bioinformatics analyses of available clinical and research data obtained from a subset of 91 GB patients. qPCR was performed to determine the expression of genes associated with therapy- resistance and cancer cell invasion, including markers of different GB subtypes, GSCs, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and immunomodulation/chemokine signalling in tumour tissues and corresponding cellular models. Results GlioBank contains biological material and research, and clinical data collected in the SciNote electronic laboratory notebook. To date, more than 240 glioma tissue samples have been collected and stored in GlioBank, most of which are GB tissues (205) and were further processed to establish primary GB cells (n=64), GSCs (n=14), and GB organoids (n=17). Corresponding blood plasma (n=103) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (n=101) are also stored. GB tumours were classified into four different subtypes that differed regarding patient survival; the mixed subtype exhibited the longest patient survival. High DAB2, S100A4, and STAT3 expression was associated with poor overall patient survival, and DAB2 was found to be an independent prognostic marker for GB survival. We analysed the molecular signatures between different tumour regions (core vs. rim). STMN4, ERBB3, and ACSBG1 were upregulated in the tumour rim, suggesting that these genes are associated with the invasive nature of GB. Conclusions GlioBank is a centralised biobank that has been built by a multidisciplinary network with the aim to facilitate disease-oriented basic and clinical research. The advantages of GlioBank include the molecular characterization of GB based on targeted gene expression, the availability of diverse cellular models (e.g. GB cells and organoids), and a large number of patient-matched tumour core and rim samples, all with accompanying molecular and clinical data. We report here for the first time an association between DAB2 expression and low overall survival in GB patients, indicative of a prognostic value of DAB2.

A novel mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis: twice-repeated oropharyngeal bleomycin administration mimicking human pathology.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and irreversible lung disease with high mortality and limited treatment options. While single-dose bleomycin-induced models are commonly used to investigate the pathogenesis of IPF, they fail to adequately replicate the complex pathological features in human patients, thereby hindering comprehensive investigations. Previous studies utilizing repetitive bleomycin injections have demonstrated a closer resemblance to human IPF pathology; however, the time- and resource-intensive nature of this approach presents significant drawbacks. Here, we propose a novel methodology involving twice-repeated oropharyngeal administration of bleomycin in mice, which closely mirrors the pathological manifestations observed in IPF patients. This model exhibited the honeycomb-like cyst formation, fibroblastic foci, bronchiolization of alveolar epithelium, emergence of metaplastic alveolar KRT5+ basal cells, and sustainability of these fibrotic phenotypes, thereby providing a robust model for IPF. Our findings establish a more efficient and translatable preclinical platform for investigating IPF pathogenesis and exploring potential therapeutic strategies.

Enhanced nasal-to-brain drug delivery by multivalent bioadhesive nanoparticle clusters for cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury protection.

Following cerebral ischemia, reperfusion injury can worsen ischemia-induced functional, metabolic disturbances, and pathological damage upon blood flow restoration, potentially leading to irreversible harm. Yet, there's a dearth of advanced, localized drug delivery systems ensuring active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) efficacy in cerebral protection during ischemia-reperfusion. This study introduces a multivalent bioadhesive nanoparticle-cluster, merging bioadhesive nanoparticles (BNPs) with dendritic polyamidoamine (PAMAM), enhancing nose-to-brain delivery and brain protection efficacy against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injuries (CIRI). The BNPs-PAMAM cluster exhibits superior adhesion within the rat nasal cavity, prolonged retention, enabling sustained drug release, cerebral transportation, and accumulation, resulting in enhanced intracerebral pharmacokinetic profile. Intranasal administration circumvents systemic delivery challenges, ensuring CIRI protection drugs reach ischemic areas pre-reperfusion, overcoming thrombus-related delays. Administering BNPs-PAMAM loaded with dexmedetomidine (DEX) pre-reperfusion effectively prevents neuron apoptosis by α2-adrenoceptor activation, modulating the ischemic microenvironment, exerting triple neuroprotective effects against cerebral reperfusion injury. Importantly, only therapeutic DEX releases and accumulates in the nasal cavity, averting brain nanomaterial toxicity, promising for repeat administrations. This study presents a translational platform for nasal-to-brain drug delivery in CNS disease treatment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Innovative Drug Delivery System: This study introduces a multivalent bioadhesive nanoparticle-cluster (BNPs-PAMAM) to enhance nasal-to-brain drug delivery for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) treatment. Enhanced Retention and Efficacy: The BNPs-PAMAM system significantly improves drug retention in the nasal cavity and ensures sustained release, thereby enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of the neuroprotective agent dexmedetomidine (DEX). Blood-Brain Barrier Circumvention: By leveraging intranasal administration, the system bypasses the blood-brain barrier, delivering DEX directly to ischemic brain regions before reperfusion and minimizing systemic side effects. Triple Neuroprotective Effects for CIRI protection: DEX delivered via BNPs-PAMAM effectively reduces oxidative stress and inflammation while enhancing mitochondrial autophagy, providing comprehensive protection against neuronal damage.

Integration of Edtech in Primary School Management to Improve Literacy: a Case Study of Indonesia And Finland

This article explores the role of educational technology (EdTech) in improving literacy outcomes, focusing on diverse contexts such as Indonesia and Finland. In countries like Indonesia, where educational disparities are prevalent, especially in rural areas, EdTech has the potential to bridge resource gaps and provide equitable access to quality educational content. This review synthesizes findings from existing studies on the effectiveness of digital tools such as e-books, learning management systems, and gamified applications in enhancing literacy. The method involves a systematic review of literature, examining the impact of EdTech in multilingual and resource-poor settings, with a comparative analysis of Finland's successful integration of technology in its education system. The results demonstrate that EdTech can improve literacy by providing accessible, engaging, and personalized learning experiences. Furthermore, tools like language translation and adaptive learning platforms can cater to diverse linguistic and educational needs. The discussion highlights how EdTech, when effectively implemented, can foster more inclusive and equitable educational opportunities. In conclusion, the study recommends that governments implement policies supporting EdTech, schools invest in teacher training and infrastructure, and EdTech developers create affordable, context-specific solutions. Future research should focus on longitudinal and quantitative studies to assess the long-term impact of EdTech on literacy development.

Artificial intelligence in translating phraseological units of a literary text

The article reveals the essence and specifics of applying artificial intelligence technologies in the translation into English of Russian phraseological units used in the context of poetic works (based on the poems of S. Yesenin). The experiment tests the translation engines of statistical, neural and hybrid types represented by the DeepL API, Google Neural Machine Translation and PROMT platforms, respectively. The article presents a comparative analysis of the translations made with the help of each of the engines under consideration and the literary translation performed by people. The engines that exist at the moment are not perfect, which determines their popularity at the pre-translation stage, while professional literary translation still remains the prerogative of relevant specialists, implying the need for careful editing of the machine translated product. Special attention in the article is paid to the pragmatic component, which, when working with machine translation, is one of the key characteristics of phraseological constructions, in particular, the possibilities of preserving it in a context adequate to the original. The research was carried out due to the significance of the topic, the active introduction of artificial intelligence technologies into the life of a modern person and the rapid growth of popularity of digital translation, which has confidently defined its position in global translation practice and relevant theoretical developments.

An Analytical Study on Student Perceptions of Using CHATGPT in Language Translation

This study explores user perceptions and practical employment of ChatGPT Translation among students involved in English-Arabic translation tasks. For the quantitative part method, data were collected from a diverse assembly of 102 participants, comprising demographic queries and a constructed 20-item Likert scale questionnaire. The collected data were categorized and critically examined under five principal constructs: Efficiency, Accuracy, Ease of Use, Trustworthiness, and Overall Preference. The findings indicate a predominantly positive perception of ChatGPT among the participants. In addition, detailed analysis reveals novel insights, such as the considerable appreciation for ChatGPT's role in enhancing translation efficiency and the high level of trust expressed in its ability to maintain the confidentiality of translated work. Another significant finding is the tool's competitive edge, with participants favoring ChatGPT over other translation tools. Furthermore, the findings underscore the importance of extending the research landscape on AI-assisted translation tools. Thus, extending the research on A.I. Translation platforms fosters their effective integration into the industry and understanding of their potential impact on the future of translation pedagogy.

Artificial intelligence in clinical settings: a systematic review of its role in language translation and interpretation.

Addressing language barriers through accurate interpretation is crucial for providing quality care and establishing trust. While the ability of artificial intelligence (AI) to translate medical documentation has been studied, its role for patient-provider communication is less explored. This review evaluates AI's effectiveness in clinical translation by assessing accuracy, usability, satisfaction, and feedback on its use. A systematic search was conducted on July 11, 2024, across Cumulated Index in Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Xplore, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria required AI to translate clinical information for a real or theoretical consultation. Exclusion criteria included reviews, correspondence, educational materials, non-peer-reviewed or retracted reports, non-English translations, pre-2016 publications, and reports on sign language or patient education. Search strings representing AI, language interpretation, and healthcare were used. Two investigators independently conducted the screening, extraction, synthesis of results, and bias assessments using Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I), Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT), and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research. A third investigator resolved conflicts. Of 1,095 reports, 9 studies were analyzed, evaluating AI translation platforms Google Translate, Microsoft Translator, Apple iTranslate, AwezaMed, Pocketalk W, and the Asynchronous Telepsychiatry (ATP) App. Investigations occurred in the US, France, Switzerland, and South Africa, with publications from 2019-2024. AI medical translation shows promise, typically providing accurate translations for brief communications in limited languages, though human translation is often necessary. Accuracy scores ranged from 83-97.8% when translating from English, and 36-76% when translating to English. Usability scores were 76.7-96.7%. Patients were more satisfied than clinicians, with 84-96.6% and 53.8-86.7% satisfied, respectively. Clinicians were hesitant to use AI due to questions of respect, quality, reliability, and misunderstanding. AI is being used as a last-resort option, to assist fluent, non-certified providers and lay interpreters, and for brief communications. Limitations include few languages tested, unidirectional translation, simulation, and evolving translation tools. AI shows promise in clinical translation, but the complexity of medical consultations requires a balanced approach combining AI and human translation services for quality care.

SPEECH-TO-TEXT: A SECURED REAL-TIME LANGUAGE TRANSLATION PLATFORM FOR STUDENTS

In order to establish effective communication and understanding among students regardless of language background, there is need to develop a common platform that will support this motive. This necessity has led to the emergence of Speech-to-Text (S-to-T) translation framework that enabling students with diverse languages to communicate directly without relying on intermediaries. English has become the foremost lingua franca in Nigeria, spoken widely across various ethnic groups. However, this continuous use of English language has affected the subsistence of indigenous Nigerian languages, leading to many children growing up unable to speak their native language. In modern, civilized societies, speech remains a primary and essential means of communication, allowing individuals to express a range of ideas from their minds through organized words, phrases, and sentences that follow grammatical rules. This work, Speech-to-Text: A secure real-time language translation platform for students, translates speech to English and Yoruba languages during chat. It was developed using ASP.Net with C# as the base technology. The model was developed with CSS, Bootstrap, JQuery, and JavaScript, ensuring responsiveness, while a secure SQL Server database repository supports data storage. The software is structured using the Object-Oriented Methodology (OOM). This platform presents a user-friendly and intuitive web interface that allows students of both English and Yoruba speakers to easily access and interact with other in real-time thereby bridging the communication gap between them.

Addressing Barriers Newcomer Families Face When Obtaining Routine Childhood Vaccines in Alberta, Canada.

Background/Objectives: As the newcomer population in Canada continues to grow, we aimed to collaborate with newcomer families arriving in an urban center in Alberta, Canada to identify strategies to overcome identified barriers newcomers face in obtaining routine childhood vaccines (RCVs). Methods: We recruited newcomers living in Calgary, Alberta to participate in a workshop utilizing the Nominal Group Technique (NGT) to develop solutions addressing barriers to obtaining RCVs. Ranking exercises helped identify the top-proposed interventions based on perceived impact and feasibility for implementation. Based on the identified need for translated vaccine resources, infographics on school-based vaccines were developed. The infographics were pilot-tested in a first-language focus group before the final product was translated into 10 different languages. Results: Consensus from 15 NGT workshop participants identified five key solutions to facilitate obtaining routine childhood immunizations: (1) Increasing access to reliable vaccine information; (2) Ensuring vaccine information and healthcare services are available in different languages; (3) Increasing vaccine appointment availability and optimizing the booking system for ease of navigation; (4) Increasing the role of family doctors in vaccine counseling and administration; (5) Streamlining vaccine record tracking. We developed infographics on the vaccines children in Alberta can receive through school-based vaccine programs and these were pilot-tested with 16 participants in a first-language (Arabic) focus group. Conclusions: The collaborative and iterative process of solution development with newcomers provided a platform for knowledge translation through the development of educational resources on school-based vaccines, addressing the information barrier that newcomers identified when accessing RCVs.

Design and Development of a Miniaturized Roto–Translational Motion Platform for Microaerial Vehicle Identification

Design and Development of a Miniaturized Roto–Translational Motion Platform for Microaerial Vehicle Identification

Teaching Subtitle Translation: A Lesson Plan Based on Task-Based Cooperative Learning

The purpose of this study is to present a systematic instructional/learning platform for subtitle translation to prepare students for an emerging market that demands expertise and technological skills. A sample lesson based on the flipped classroom and task-based cooperative learning approach is proposed as an example. The lesson plan is designed for a translation course for eighteen English major students at the undergraduate level in the spring of 2023. Materials for the flipped lesson include demonstration videos of subtitling rules/conventions and software manipulation for students to view in advance. In the classroom, undergraduate students engaged in task-based cooperative learning to create translated subtitles for two sitcom episodes using subtitling software. Condensation, a translation strategy crucial in subtitle translation, is discussed in connection with one of the key principles of translation: deverbalization and reformulation. A detailed step-by-step lesson plan in which new technological advancements are incorporated into the audio-visual translation learning environment is outlined. A categorized analysis of the end-product is presented to the students followed by a viewing of the two subtitled sitcom episodes as the final step of the lesson. Limitations and implications of the study are also presented.

Trends and challenges in organoid modeling and expansion with pluripotent stem cells and somatic tissue.

The increasing demand for disease modeling, preclinical drug testing, and long waiting lists for alternative organ substitutes has posed significant challenges to current limitations in organoid technology. Consequently, organoid technology has emerged as a cutting-edge tool capable of accurately recapitulating the complexity of actual organs in physiology and functionality. To bridge the gaps between basic research and pharmaceutical as well as clinical applications, efforts have been made to develop organoids from tissue-derived stem cells or pluripotent stem cells. These developments include optimizing starting cells, refining culture systems, and introducing genetic modifications. With the rapid development of organoid technology, organoid composition has evolved from single-cell to multi-cell types, enhancing their level of biomimicry. Tissue structure has become more refined, and core challenges like vascularization are being addressed actively. These improvements are expected to pave the way for the construction of organoid atlases, automated large-scale cultivation, and universally compatible organoid biobanks. However, major obstacles remain to be overcome before urgently proof-of-concept organoids can be readily converted to practical applications. These obstacles include achieving structural and functional summarily to native tissue, remodeling the microenvironment, and scaling up production. This review aims to summarize the status of organoid development and applications, highlight recent progress, acknowledge existing limitations and challenges, and provide insights into future advancements. It is expected that this will contribute to the establishment of a reliable, scalable, and practical platform for organoid production and translation, further promoting their use in the pharmaceutical industry and regenerative medicine.

Building a collaborative translational research platform: barriers and enablers from basic research to primary health care

Building a collaborative translational research platform: barriers and enablers from basic research to primary health care

Digitalized Translation of Chinese Online Literature: Practice and Research

This study thoroughly explores the digitalized translation and overseas dissemination of Chinese online literature from the perspectives of industry practice and academic research. It points out that Chinese online literature has grown from a sub-cultural phenomenon in China to an essential component of contemporary Chinese literature, with digitalized translation being the primary mode for its overseas dissemination. The study defines the concepts of online literature and digitalization, discusses the diversified digitalized translation platforms of Chinese online literature,and analyzes their respective advantages and challenges. Thereafter, it scrutinizes the research on the translation of Chinese online literature, highlighting the richness of research perspectives and the diversity of research content, noting that current researches on the overseas dissemination of Chinese online literature is relatively scarce but holds significant academic and practical value. Finally, it looks forward to the future directions of research on the translation of Chinese online literature, including further exploration on translation content, translation subjects, translation modes, and translation criticism, and emphasizes the importance of theoretical integration and innovation.