Platelet-shaped Nanoparticles Research Articles

Enhancing synthesized engine oil thermal performance through the use of tri-hybrid nanofluids over a bi-directed sheet with Coriolis force

Synthetic engine oil offers excellent protection against wear, withstands high temperatures, and maintains its viscosity under various operating conditions. It also enhances oxidative stability and reduces sludge buildup, leading to longer engine life and improved performance. To optimize these benefits, incorporating specific nanoparticles into the synthetic oil may be advantageous. This study investigates the emulsification of three types of nanoparticles-aluminum oxide [Formula: see text], gold [Formula: see text], and graphene oxide [Formula: see text]-suspended in synthetic oil. The physical insights gained are translated into mathematical equations that describe fluid motion and thermal sensitivity. This dynamical system is simplified into a set of single-variable differential equations, making the analysis more manageable. The dynamical equations are solved numerically using an efficient Spectral Chebyshev Collocation Method (SCCM). The findings indicate that the presence of nanoparticles significantly increases the rate of heat transfer. The shape of the nanoparticles influences thermal performance; platelet-shaped nanoparticles demonstrate superior thermal properties compared to spherical and cylindrical shapes. For a specific Eckman number [Formula: see text], skin friction increases by 141.6% from mono to hybrid nanofluids, and by 83.9% from hybrid to tri-hybrid nanofluids. Within a thermal Biot number range of [Formula: see text], the Nusselt number is enhanced by 97.6%, 97.0%, and 96.2%, respectively. Furthermore, the Darcy effect shows opposing behavior at primary and secondary velocities, while thermal convection is improved near the wall as the Biot number increases.

Analyzing thermal performance and entropy generation in time-dependent buoyancy flow of water-based over rotating sphere with ternary nanoparticle shape factor

Abstract The heat transfer augmentation, solar power systems, medical equipment, semiconductor cooling, aerospace, and automotive industries all use ternary hybrid nanofluids (Thnf). The current study is mainly about a magnetized Thnf flow that can't be squished around a spinning sphere that has different viscosity, thermal conductivity, and shape (brick, platelets, cylinder, blade). The heat transport simulation incorporates the principles of viscous dissipation and joule heating. Water is mixed with silver, magnesium oxide, and iron trioxide to make the ternary hybrid nanofluid. Similarity substitution converts model equations to ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Runge-Kutta fourth order numerically estimates the non-dimensional set of ODEs. For certain emergent parameters, velocity, temperature, entropy generation, Nusselt number, and skin friction are computed and analyzed. The research shows that entropy generation increases with brinkman number, nanoparticle volume fraction and magnetic parameters and reduces with temperature difference parameter. Increasing the unsteadiness parameter upsurges velocity in the x-direction, but decreases it in the z-direction and temperature curve. Skin friction upsurges in the x-direction and declines in the z-direction with rotation. Platelet-shaped nanoparticles usually outperform blade, brick, and cylinder shapes. When mass suction $( S )$ is elevated from 1.0 to 2.0, the heat transfer rate increases by 47.25% for the Brick form, 47.26% for the Platelets shape, 35.08% for the Cylinders shape, and 37.65% for the Blades shape. Comparing the results to prior literature shows excellent agreement.

Thermal performance analysis of magnetohydrodynamic Al[formula omitted]O[formula omitted]-SiO2-TiO[formula omitted]/water ternary hybrid nanofluid in converging and diverging channels with nanoparticle shape effects

Improving heat transfer in thermal systems is critical to achieving better results in a variety of systems. The study aims to investigate the laminar flow dynamics of Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2/water hybrid nanofluids, emphasizing how the channel geometry affects the velocity, temperature distribution, and heat transfer efficiency. This understanding is crucial for optimizing industrial processes, such as cooling systems and heat exchangers. Effects of various nanoparticle shapes, joule heating, viscous dissipation, thermal radiation, and heat source/sink on the system’s behavior are evaluated. Governing partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity variables and are solved semi-analytically via the homotopy analysis method. As the Hartmann number increases from 1 to 7, the heat transfer rate rises from 0.02% to 0.9%. When the radiation parameter and Eckert number are varied from 0.05 to 0.2, the heat transfer rate increases significantly, from 1.2% to 4.86% and 3.43% to 13.73%, respectively. Heat transfer rate increased by 16.28% with heat source (Q=2) and decreased by -16.12% with heat sink (Q=−2). Platelet-shaped nanoparticles demonstrate lower skin friction in divergent channels, whereas spherical nanoparticles exhibit higher skin friction; this trend reverses in convergent channels. Suspensions of nanoparticles with a 5% volume fraction achieve heat transfer rates of 1.88%, 4.07%, 10.54%, 19.20%, and 8.74% for spheres, bricks, cylinders, platelets, and blades, respectively. The study reveals that Al2O3/H2O, Al2O3-TiO2/H2O, and Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2/H2O nanofluids have the best heat transfer rates for mono nanofluid, hybrid nanofluid, and ternary hybrid nanofluid by 15.24%, 19.92%, and 19.20%, respectively. Finally, multiple linear regression is employed to analyze the impact of relevant parameters on heat transfer rate and skin friction.

Impact of nanoparticle shape on the thermal performance of eco-friendly soybean-based nanofluids in cooling titanium alloys

Ecofriendly soybean coolant offers a sustainable alternative to conventional coolants, providing excellent thermal performance while reducing environmental impact. Its biodegradable nature and low toxicity make it a safe choice for various cooling applications, promoting greener industrial practices. This study investigates the thermal performance of eco-friendly soybean nanofluids dispersed with alumina and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanoparticles for cooling a titanium alloy block. The investigations are conducted using single and dual nozzle setup to assess the impact of nanoparticle shape, volume fraction and Reynolds number on heat transfer characteristics of ecofriendy coolant. The discretization is conducted using the finite volume method, and the Nusselt number is calculated from the convective heat transfer coefficient. Results show that platelet-shaped nanoparticles exhibit superior thermal conductivity and heat transfer performance compared to spherical and cylindrical shapes. Increasing the volume fraction of MoS2 platelet-shaped nanoparticles from 0.5% to 6% results in a reduction of the average temperature distribution of the titanium block by 26.53% in the single-nozzle setup and 28.87% in the dual-nozzle configuration. The dual nozzle arrangements significantly enhance heat dissipation, with MoS2 nanoparticles decreasing the temperature distribution by 9.24% in the single-nozzle setup and 15.78% in the dual-nozzle setup compared to alumina nanoparticles. Optimal thermal performance is observed at elevated Reynolds numbers, where platelet-shaped MoS2 nanoparticles achieve the highest Nusselt numbers. Specifically, incorporating MoS2 cylindrical-shaped nanoparticles into soybean oil at higher Reynolds numbers improves average heat transfer by up to 29.16% when compared to cylindrical alumina nanoparticles. The enhancements in heat transfer for spherical and platelet-shaped MoS2 nanoparticles are 37.51% and 46.66%, respectively, relative to cylindrical alumina particles. This research offers crucial guidance on developing and enhancing sustainable coolants, revealing the significance of nanoparticle shape in optimizing thermal performance and paving the way for cleaner production processes that prioritize environmental responsibility.

Thermal and entropy analysis of ternary hybrid nanofluid using Keller Box method

This research investigates the flow and heat transfer characteristics of a ternary hybrid nanofluid in a rotating system between two parallel stretching surfaces. It examines the impact of nanoparticle shape factor and irreversibility on suspensions containing Al2O3, CuO, and ZnO nanoparticles in water. Different physical and thermal conditions are taken into account, such as porous medium, suction/injection, radiation, heat source/sink, variable viscosity and thermal conductivity. Ternary hybrid nanofluids exhibit better thermophysical stability and performance than traditional nanofluids. The application of ternary hybrid nanofluids in rotating systems with two parallel stretching surfaces has industrial applications such as material treatment, manufacturing processes, and cooling systems. By introducing similarity variables, the governing partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations, which are then solved numerically using the Keller Box Method based on implicit finite differences. The study finds that as the viscosity parameter increases, there is a decrease in fluid velocity and an increase in temperature. Additionally, increasing values of radiation and thermal conductivity parameter lead to enhanced temperature and entropy generation rate. The entropy generation rate is higher for platelet-shaped nanoparticles and lower for spherical-shaped nanoparticles. Platelet shapes exhibit lower friction during suction and injection, while spherical shapes exhibit higher friction. Furthermore, the heat transfer rates of ternary hybrid nanofluids containing sphere, brick, cylinder, platelet, and blade-shaped nanoparticles suspended in water are 3.27%, 6.41%, 11.14%, 13.56%, and 14.20%, respectively, when injection is performed at the top surface of the sheet. For suction, the heat transfer rates are 16.91% for the sphere, 19.48% for the brick, 23.83% for the cylinder, 26.84% for the platelet, and 39.69% for the blade.

Comparative analysis of varied thermal conductivity and viscosity models in a hybrid nanofluid flow - a non-similar solution

ABSTRACT We aim to investigate the flow of an ethylene glycol-based hybrid nanofluid over a horizontal surface with a free stream velocity. To assess the viscosity and thermal conductivity of nanoparticles with various shapes, we employed the Brinkman, Timofeeva, and Yamada Ota unit cell models. The study explores heat transfer in the flow system considering the effects of viscous and ohmic dissipations, linear radiative heat flux, and heat generation under convective boundary conditions. A non-similar system is developed using appropriate non-similarity transformations up to the third-level truncation and numerically solved using the bvp4c algorithm. The novelty of the proposed model lies in obtaining the non-similar solution and incorporating the Brinkman, Timofeeva, and Yamada Ota unit cell models. The results indicated that the Brinkman viscosity model resulted in an increase in the wall heat transfer rate with a rise in particle volume fraction. It is also inferred that platelet-shaped nanoparticles exhibit a significantly higher heat transfer rate compared to spherical-shaped nanoparticles.

Numerically analyzed of ternary hybrid nanofluids flow of heat and mass transfer subject to various shapes and size factors in two-dimensional rotating porous channel

This article examines the behavior of (Cu–Al2O3–TiO2) nanoparticles with varying shapes and sizes regarding their flow and thermal performance. A ternary hybrid MHD model is developed to study rotating porous walls associated with permeable Reynolds numbers and NPs for a specific range of the volume friction φ1,φ2 and φ3 (2%–10%). Considering morphology effects, the expanding/contracting phenomenon for heat and mass transfer enhancement is presented. Non-linear differential equations are derived from governing PDES and solved using the shooting procedure. The study aims to analyze the improvement in parameters such as stretching ratio parameter (α), nanoparticles volumetric fractions (φ1,φ2,φ3), magnetic parameter (M), Prandtl number (Pr) permeable Reynold number (Re), (Kcr) chemical reaction parameter, Schmidt number (Sc), and rotational parameter (R0) with ternary hybrid nanofluid (Cu–Al2O3–TiO2/water). The impacts of these parameters on the temperature profiles of different shapes of nanoparticles, such as spherical, brick, cylinders, and platelets, are also analyzed. The influences of these parameters (α), (φ1,φ2, φ3), (M), (Pr), (Re), (Kcr) (Sc) and (R0) impacts on skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number for different shapes and sizes of nanoparticles are discussed. The study suggests that platelet-shaped nanoparticles are more appropriate for non-dimensional physical parameters. Boosting Re, M, and R enlarges momentum boundary layers and enhances the radial velocity profile. Expanding the expansion ratio and volume of friction parameters influences heat transfer rates oppositely on the temperature profile. Elevating the Schmidt number diminishes the mass transfer rate in the upper boundary layer thickness but amplifies it in the lower boundary one in the concentration profile.

Influence of nanoparticle shapes in nanofluid film boiling on vertical cylinders: A numerical study

This research explores how nanoparticle shapes affect the thermal behavior of nanofluid film boiling along a vertical cylinder, utilizing a Continuous-Species-Transfer method embedded in a Computational Multi-Fluid Dynamics framework. By modeling the behavior of nanoparticles in both liquid and vapor phases, with considerations for Brownian motion and thermophoresis, a comprehensive 2D axisymmetric analysis is conducted. The analysis focuses on the effects of various Al2O3 nanoparticle shapes – spheres, bricks, blades, cylinders, and platelets – on boiling heat transfer performance. Results demonstrate that while nanoparticle shape has a minimal impact on deposition dynamics, it significantly affects kinematic viscosity, particularly for platelet-shaped nanoparticles. Blade-shaped nanoparticles stand out for their substantial enhancement of thermal transport, as demonstrated by pronounced temperature gradients and elevated thermal conductivity. Furthermore, these nanoparticles contribute to a notable improvement in the Nusselt Number, suggesting enhanced efficiency in boiling heat transfer. This improvement is particularly significant at higher nanoparticle concentrations, where the effects are more pronounced, though not strictly linear when compared to the effects at lower concentrations. Future work will explore different nanoparticle materials, boiling scenarios, and experimental validation.

Comparative study of copper nanoparticles over radially stretching sheet with water and silicone oil

Abstract Copper nanoparticles are widely used in many sectors and research endeavors owing to their unique properties, including a large surface area, catalytic capabilities, and high thermal and electrical conductivity. The selection of the base fluid for copper nanoparticles should be contingent upon the anticipated application requirements since various fluids exhibit distinct characteristics that could potentially impact the mobility of the nanoparticles. The present investigation analyzes heat transfer phenomena occurring across a radially stretched surface. The research explores the effects of different states of Cu nanoparticles when combined with base fluids, such as water and silicone oil, on the heat transfer process. The momentum and energy equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations by applying the similarity transformation. The boundary value problem-fourth-order (BVP4C) method numerically solves the governing ordinary differential equation for the modeled problem. In addition, the influence of various factors such as the slip parameter, solid volume fraction, Eckert number, Prandtl number, and unsteadiness parameter are examined. It has been discovered that blade-shaped nanoparticles transfer heat as quickly as possible via silicone oil and water. However, for platelet-shaped nanoparticles, a minimum heat transfer rate has been noted. The maximum skin friction coefficient is observed in platelet-shaped nanoparticles, while blade-shaped nanoparticles have the lowest skin friction coefficient.

Enhanced heat transfer analysis on Ag-Al2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$_{2}$$\\end{document}O3\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$_{3}$$\\end{document}/water hybrid magneto-convective nanoflow

The primary goal of this investigation is to examine the heat and flow characteristics of a hybrid nanofluid consisting of silver (Ag) and aluminum oxide (Al2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$_{2}$$\\end{document}O3)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$_{3})$$\\end{document} nanoparticles over an unsteady radially stretching sheet embedded in porous medium. The investigation is conducted under the influence of several key parameters, namely joule heating, viscous dissipation, porous, slip, and suction. The technique of similarity transformations is used to transform the governing system of PDEs into nonlinear ODEs and the bvp4c solver is used to solve them numerically. The present study examines the influence of sphere and platelet shape nanoparticles on the temperature and velocity profiles. The outcomes are discussed through graphs and tables. A rise in the porous, slip, and suction parameters makes the velocity profile decrease gradually. The temperature escalates when Biot number, magnetic parameter, and Eckert number increase. As compared to sphere shapes, platelet-shaped nanoparticles exhibit the greatest heat transfer and flow. Results reveal that by using Ag-Al2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$_{2}$$\\end{document}O3\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$_{3}$$\\end{document}/H2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$_{2}$$\\end{document}O hybrid nanofluid with a volume fraction of 5%, the heat transfer enhancement of platelet shape nanoparticles increased by 11.88% than sphere-shaped nanoparticles. Overall, the platelet shape of nanoparticles offers distinctive advantages in various engineering applications, primarily due to their large surface area, anisotropic properties, and tunable surface chemistry. These properties make them versatile tools for improving the performance of materials and systems in engineering fields. The findings can contribute to the design and optimization of nanofluid-based systems in various engineering applications, such as heat exchangers, microfluidics, and energy conversion devices.

Significance of nanoparticles shape for enhanced heat transfer over on elastic sheet

This study analyzes the impact that the shape of nanoparticles has on the rate at which heat is transferred over an elastic sheet, which is one of the most important aspects of thermal management. It addresses the pressing demand for effective heat dissipation and insulation in a variety of industries, including energy systems and electronic devices, among others. The importance of this work rests in the fact that it has the potential to make conventional methods of heat transmission obsolete. By gaining an understanding of how the morphologies of nanoparticles affect their thermal properties, we may pave the way for the development of novel materials and applications, which will ultimately result in increased energy efficiency and high-performance technology. The originality by arguing that the study fills a knowledge gap on how different nanoparticle shapes influence heat transport in elastic sheets. The importance of this property for applications such as electronics and materials research should be emphasized. Within the scope of this study, a nanofluid composed of copper and water is utilized to investigate the movement of heat between the stretching sheets. This objective is supported by the utilization of the Hamilton Crosser Model as a tool. Platelets, cylinders, and blocks are some of the shapes and sizes of the nanoparticles that are utilized in this process. A magnetic field is applied, which changes the thermal properties of the nanofluids that are being used in the process of exchanging heat between two objects. This makes the process go more quickly. A similarity transformation is used to convert the governing equations into a collection of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). By using the shooting method, the boundary value problem can be converted into an initial value problem. This is achievable since the shooting technique is a shooting method. After that, a numerical solution is found for this issue using the RK-4 method. We give visual data that demonstrates how the flow pattern and temperature profile change as a result of a variety of different causes. Plots are provided for both the Nusselt number and the skin friction coefficient. As the inquiry goes on and the values of the key parameters are changed, one thing that happens consistently across all forms of nanoparticles is an increase in the velocity profile. This is a pattern. In addition, the nanofluid that is formed of platelet-shaped nanoparticles (which has a bigger value of shape factor) is shown to have the greatest temperature. This finding demonstrates a clear association between temperature and shape factor.

Comparative analysis of nanofluid flows in the dilating squeezing porous channel with thermal jump and slip conditions

This study investigates the behavior of the mono and hybrid nanofluid flows in an absorbent dilating/squeezing channel influenced by a magnetic field. The mono nanofluid is molded by inserting iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles into the blood (base fluid) and the targeted hybrid magnetic nanofluid is formed when the Cobalt iron oxide (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles are added into Fe3O4/blood nanofluid mixture. For a permeable channel, the slip boundary along with the thermal jump condition is imposed. The process for heat transfer is examined considering the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux. Throughout the analysis, platelet-shaped nanoparticles are used. The Tiwari and Das (single phase) nanoliquid flow model is adopted here. The ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are accomplished via similarity transformations and are numerically assessed using the bvp4c software. Moreover, the consequences of the resulting pertinent parameters on the streamlines, temperature, and velocity distributions are scrutinized using graphical representations. It is observed that the surface drag on the wall is weaker for the dilating/injection case as compared to the squeezing/suction scenario. Streamlines show how a suitable magnetic field may be used to regulate medicine distribution in the blood flow. An innovative mass-based model comprising mono and hybrid nanofluid flow models is discussed. A comparison of heat transfer between both is undertaken. The results indicate that increasing the magnetic parameter leads to an enhancement in heat transfer rate when the upper and lower walls are dilated with wall injection Conversely, if the upper and lower walls are squeezed with wall suction the heat transfer rate decreases. The novelty lies in the consideration of both types of models and making a comparison of these.

Numerical investigation of nanofluid buoyant flow behavior and heat transfer characteristics in annular-shaped enclosure with internal baffle

PurposeNatural convection in finite enclosures is a common phenomenon in various thermal applications. To provide the thermal design guidelines, this study aims to numerically explore the potential of using internal baffles and nanofluids to either enhance or suppress heat transport in a vertical annulus. Furthermore, the annular-shaped enclosure is filled with aqueous-silver nanofluid and the effects of five distinct nanoparticle shapes are examined. In addition, the influence of baffle design parameters, including baffle position, thickness and length, is thoroughly analyzed.Design/methodology/approachThe finite difference method is used in conjunction with the alternating direction implicit and successive line over relaxation techniques to solve nonlinear and coupled partial differential equations. The single phase model is used for nanofluid which is considered as a homogeneous fluid with improved thermal properties. The independence tests are carried out for assessing the sufficiency of grid size and time step for obtaining results accurately.FindingsThe baffle dimension parameters and nanoparticle shape exhibit significant impact on the convective flow and heat transfer characteristics, leading to the following results: sphere- and blade-shaped nanoparticles demonstrate around 30% enhancement in the heat transport capability compared with platelet-shaped nanoparticles, which exhibit the least. When considering the baffle design parameter, either a decrease in the baffle length and thickness or an increase in baffle height leads to an improvement in heat transport rate. Consequently, a threefold increase in baffle height yields a 40% improvement in thermal performance.Originality/valueUnderstanding the impact of nanoparticle shapes and baffle design parameters on flow and thermal behavior will enable engineers to provide valuable insight on thermal management and overall system efficiency. Therefore, the current work focuses on exploring buoyant nanofluid flow and thermal mechanism in a baffled annular-shaped enclosure. Specifically, an internal baffle that exhibits conductive heat transfer through it is considered, and the impact of baffle dimensions (thickness, length and position) on the fluid flow behavior and thermal characteristics is investigated. In addition, the current study also addresses the influence of five distinct nanoparticle shapes (e.g. spherical, cylindrical, platelet, blade and brick) on the flow and thermal behavior in the baffled annular geometry. In addition to deepening the understanding of nanofluid behavior in a baffled vertical annulus, the current study contributes to the ongoing advancements in thermal applications by providing certain guidelines to design application-specific enclosures.

Numerically hydrothermal fully developed forced convective hybrid nanofluid flow through annular sector duct

In this paper, fully developed forced convective flow properties of hybrid nanofluid through annular sector duct are discussed. The studies of hybrid nanofluid, i.e. the combination of a nanofluid (nanoparticles plus water) with another nanoparticles’ volume fraction, are considered. Hybrid nanofluids become most important due to enhancement in the heat transfer rate. Copper oxide (CuO)–water is taken as the nanofluid. The volume fraction of CuO nanoparticles in water is kept fixed at 4%, whereas the volume fractions of Cu nanoparticles are taken in the range of 0–4% in this study. Under the assumption of hydrodynamically and thermally fully developed flow, the deviation in the velocity components along the axial direction vanishes in the case of momentum equations; however, the deviation in the temperature becomes constant in the case of energy equation. After dimensionless analysis, the finite volume method is applied to find the numerical solutions for velocity, temperature, heat transfer rate and fanning friction factor. During physical analysis, it has been concluded that the percentage enhancement in heat transfer rate is comparably more than fanning friction factor when we increase the volume fraction of Cu nanoparticles in the CuO–water nanofluid. Furthermore, the same observation has been noticed in the case of heat transfer rate when the platelet shape factor of the nanoparticles has been used instead of brick and cylinder shape factors. Increase in fRe is 8.01% when we increase the Cu nanoparticles’ volume fraction from 1% to 4%, whereas the increments in Nu are 15.09%, 18.56% and 20.81% for the brick-, cylinder- and platelet-shaped nanoparticles, respectively, for all values of the ratio of radii, [Formula: see text], and apex angle, [Formula: see text], in both thermal cases.

Investigation of the effects of various nanoparticle morphologies on mass and heat transport in SiO2-H2O unsteady magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid flow through a stretched cylinder

This article investigates the effects of the various silicon dioxide ( Si O 2 ) nanoparticles immersed in water ( H 2 O ) base fluid on velocity and heat transport over an unsteady stretching cylinder under the influence of magnetohydrodynamics ( MHD ), velocity slip, and convective boundary conditions. The physical model is initially developed in the form of partial differential equations (PDEs) by using the conservation principle. Employing suitable transformations, the set of PDEs has been transformed into a system of Ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The nonlinear equations in the proposed model are optimally and dynamically assessed. To produce numerical solutions for nonlinear systems, MATLAB's BVP4C solver technique is used. Furthermore, the numerical technique is validated by calculating residual error. The recent investigation’s novel results include: the nanoparticles SiO 2 of play an important role in enhancing the thermal conductivity of the traditional base fluid H 2 O . The shape of the nanoparticles also plays a remarkable role in heat transfer enhancement. Increases in viscus dissipation, convective boundary conditions, and MHD parameters play a remarkable role in increasing the temperature of the nanofluid. Furthermore, platelet-shaped Si O 2 nanoparticles are reported to have the highest flow rate, highest temperature, and highest value of Nusselt numbers.

EDL transport of blood-infusing tetra-hybrid nano-additives through a cilia-layered endoscopic arterial path

Electrokinetics has gotten much attention in bioengineering, biomedical sciences, and microfluidics systems. Due to its impactful applications, many researchers are now studying electrokinetic phenomena in hemodynamics. This article is aimed to set up a theoretical framework for the analysis of electric double-layer (EDL) induced dynamics of conducting blood infused with tetra-hybrid nanoparticles via an endoscopic arterial path with a ciliary wall at a slanting position. The thermal analysis is performed by taking the effects of thermal conditions on the artery’s wall in addition to the heat source and Joule heating. How nanoparticles’ structures (spherical, brick, cylindrical, and platelet) affect the streaming and thermal process is examined. Debye-Hückel hypothesis is endorsed to access the Boltzmann distribution of electric potential across an EDL. The arising non-linear model equations are linearized by assuming the lubrication constraints. The compact-form solutions of the succeeding model equations are tracked by employing an analytical strategy. The graphical formats are utilized to assess the hemodynamical behaviour of worthy model factors upon the flow entities. Elevating blood movement through the endoscopic annulus is associated with lower Debye-Hückel length. Blood gets cooled in the ciliated arterial conduit with a larger cilia length. The addition of nanoparticles can regulate excessive heat generation during the blood flow. The platelet shape nanoparticles are more efficient in transferring heat than spheres, bricks and cylinders. The streaming topology is publicized via streamlines. A novel finding in our study is that a longer cilia length can lead to a reduction in blood boluses in the artery with a ciliated wall. This result differs from previous studies. The study has the potential to shape advancements in biomedical engineering, medical devices, and cardiovascular research, such as medications, localized drug delivery, improved endoscopic tools and techniques, tracking therapy progress, etc. It lays the groundwork for innovative applications and paves the way for future research in this exciting field.

Role of particle shape considering three-dimensional flow of water-based ternary hybrid nanofluids for the interaction of magnetic field

In developing current flow phenomena, the proposed study is carried out by the consideration of ternary hybrid nanofluid flow past a stretching surface. The flow became electrically conducting due to the inclusion of transverse magnetic field along the normal direction of the flow. Further, the energy profile is enhanced for the interaction of the radiative heat using Rosseland approximation. The innovation behind this approach is due to the assumption of the various shapes of the particles, i.e. spherical, cylindrical along with platelet-shaped nanoparticles and the corresponding physical properties are demonstrated. In view of physical phenomena, carbon nanotube, graphene, and aluminum oxide nanoparticles with water as a base liquid are used to prepare the hybrid nanofluid. Because of the complexity of the formulated model, the governing non-dimensional set of equations is handled by using traditional numerical technique following shooting-based “Runge–Kutta fourth-order” technique. Further, the significant role of the pertinent factors involved in the flow phenomena is the case of ternary nanofluid overshoots the fluid velocity in comparison to the case of nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid and the shear rate enhances for the increasing magnetization whereas the heat transfer rate attenuates significantly.

Nanoparticle shape effects on MHD Cu–water nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet with thermal radiation and heat source/sink

This study provides an insight into the effects of various nanoparticle shape factors on magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer flow and heat transfer over a stretching sheet. Choosing appropriate nanoparticles can control velocity and heat transfer. A magnetic field is part of the momentum equation, and the effects of radiation and heat source/sink are part of the energy equation. Equations governing the problem are converted into nonlinear ODEs by similarity transformation. Afterwards, Runge–Kutta fourth-order scheme combined with shooting technique is employed. A magnetic field and porosity decrease the velocity. Radiation and a heat source/sink both escalate temperature. The Eckert number and porosity also improve the temperature. As nanoparticle volume fraction increases, the Nusselt number decreases and skin friction increases. Among the nanoparticle shapes considered in this study, platelet-shaped nanoparticles have the best flow and heat transfer performance. According to the studies we examined, the results obtained are consistent with those previously published.

Entropy Generation and Radiation Analysis on Peristaltic Transport of Hyperbolic Tangent Fluid with Hybrid Nanoparticle Through an Endoscope

The current study explores the impact of entropy generation, thermal jump, radiation, and inclined magnetic field on the peristaltic transport of hyperbolic tangent fluid containing molybdenum disulfide and silver nanoparticles through an endoscope with a long wavelength and low Reynolds number assumptions. Between two coaxial tubes, a non-Newtonian hyperbolic tangent fluid with silver nanoparticles is considered. The Second law of thermodynamics is used to examine the entropy generation. The Homotopy perturbation method (HPM) is applied to describe the solution of nonlinear partial differential equations. We were able to arrive at analytical solutions for velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle concentration. In the end, the impact of various physical parameters on temperature, nanoparticle concentration, velocity, entropy generation, and Bejan number was graphically depicted. The significant outcome of the present study is that the impact of Hartmann number and Brownian motion parameter declines the velocity profile, but the thermal Grashoff number enhances velocity, whereas Platelet-shaped nanoparticles achieve a higher speed as compare to Spherical-shaped nanoparticles.

Shape-Factor Impact on a Mass-Based Hybrid Nanofluid Model for Homann Stagnation-Point Flow in Porous Media

This paper studies the impact of shape factor on a mass-based hybrid nanofluid model for Homann stagnation-point flow in porous media. The HAM-based Mathematica package BVPh 2.0 is suitable for determining approximate solutions of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations with boundary conditions. This analysis involves discussions of the impact of the many physical parameters generated in the proposed model. The results show that skin friction coefficients of Cfx and Cfy increase with the mass of the first and second nanoparticles of the hybrid nanofluids w1 and w2 and with the coefficient of permeability in porous media. For the axisymmetric case of γ = 0, when w1 = w2 = 10 gr, wf = 100 gr and Cfx = Cfy = 2.03443, 2.27994, 2.50681, and 3.10222 for σ = 0, 1, 2, and 5. Compared with w1 = w2 = 10 gr, wf = 100 gr, and σ = 0, it can be found that the wall shear stress values increase by 12.06%, 23.21%, and 52.48%, respectively. As the mass of the first and second nanoparticles of the mass-based hybrid nanofluid model increases, the local Nusselt number Nux increases. Values of Nux obviously decrease and change with an increase in the coefficient of permeability in the range of γ < 0; otherwise, Nux is less affected in the range of γ > 0. According to the calculation results, the platelet-shaped nanoparticles in the mass-based hybrid nanofluid model can achieve maximum heat transfer rates and minimum surface friction.