EDL transport of blood-infusing tetra-hybrid nano-additives through a cilia-layered endoscopic arterial path

Abstract

Electrokinetics has gotten much attention in bioengineering, biomedical sciences, and microfluidics systems. Due to its impactful applications, many researchers are now studying electrokinetic phenomena in hemodynamics. This article is aimed to set up a theoretical framework for the analysis of electric double-layer (EDL) induced dynamics of conducting blood infused with tetra-hybrid nanoparticles via an endoscopic arterial path with a ciliary wall at a slanting position. The thermal analysis is performed by taking the effects of thermal conditions on the artery’s wall in addition to the heat source and Joule heating. How nanoparticles’ structures (spherical, brick, cylindrical, and platelet) affect the streaming and thermal process is examined. Debye-Hückel hypothesis is endorsed to access the Boltzmann distribution of electric potential across an EDL. The arising non-linear model equations are linearized by assuming the lubrication constraints. The compact-form solutions of the succeeding model equations are tracked by employing an analytical strategy. The graphical formats are utilized to assess the hemodynamical behaviour of worthy model factors upon the flow entities. Elevating blood movement through the endoscopic annulus is associated with lower Debye-Hückel length. Blood gets cooled in the ciliated arterial conduit with a larger cilia length. The addition of nanoparticles can regulate excessive heat generation during the blood flow. The platelet shape nanoparticles are more efficient in transferring heat than spheres, bricks and cylinders. The streaming topology is publicized via streamlines. A novel finding in our study is that a longer cilia length can lead to a reduction in blood boluses in the artery with a ciliated wall. This result differs from previous studies. The study has the potential to shape advancements in biomedical engineering, medical devices, and cardiovascular research, such as medications, localized drug delivery, improved endoscopic tools and techniques, tracking therapy progress, etc. It lays the groundwork for innovative applications and paves the way for future research in this exciting field.