Platelet Aggregate Ratio Research Articles

Effect of fruitflow on platelet function: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial in middle-aged and elderly subjects

• Fruitflow decreased the platelet aggregation rate ex vivo . • Fruitflow reduced the plasma TXB 2 , 6-keto-PGF 1α and PF4 level in subjects. • Fruitflow and aspirin didn’t exert synergistic effect on platelet aggregation. • Fruitflow supplementation for 7 days did not change coagulation. To investigate the effect of fruitflow, a water-soluble tomato extract, on platelet function in participants. 190 participants were completed this clinical trial. The participants were randomly divided into four groups: placebo, fruitflow, aspirin, and fruitflow + aspirin. These groups received the respective supplements for 7 days. Fruitflow intervention for 7 days decreased platelet aggregation ratio by 7.7% and 10.2% in adenosine diphosphate (ADP)- and collagen-stimulated platelets, respectively. Aspirin decreased platelet aggregation ratio by 9.4% and 39% in ADP- and collagen-stimulated platelets, respectively. The combination of fruitflow and aspirin did not exert synergistic inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation. Fruitflow also significantly reduced plasma thromboxane B 2 (TXB 2 ), 6-keto-prostaglandin F 1α (6-keto-PGF 1α ), and platelet factor 4 (PF4) levels. Fruitflow intervention decreased platelet aggregation rate, this suggests that fruitflow is a functional food for reducing platelet activity.

The Effect of Enhanced External Counterpulsation on Platelet Aggregation in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease.

Resistance to antiplatelet therapy, especially aspirin or clopidogrel, triggers other therapies for patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) is a noninvasive, pneumatic technique that provides beneficial effects for patients with CHD. However, the physiological effects of EECP have not been fully studied, and the role of EECP on platelet function remains poorly understood. A total of 168 patients with CHD were finally selected from the Second Xiangya Hospital and randomly assigned to either a control group or EECP group. The control group accepted only standard medical treatment, while the EECP group accepted standard medical treatment and EECP treatment. Blood samples were collected from patients at baseline and after EECP, and platelet aggregation was assessed. Changes in platelet aggregation were compared before and after treatment. There was no difference in the basal levels of arachidonic acid (AA) induced platelet maximum aggregation ratio (MAR) between the two groups. The AA-induced platelet MAR was significantly decreased after EECP therapy. The logistic analysis showed that low HDL-C was not favorable for the decrease in platelet aggregation. EECP therapy is favorable for lowering platelet aggregation in patients with CHD, especially the AA-induced platelet aggregation ratio.

Anti-Thrombotic, Anti-Oxidant and Haemolysis Activities of Six Edible Insect Species.

In Korea, various insect species such as crickets and grasshoppers, as well as honey bee and silkworm pupae, have been consumed as food and used in oriental medicine. In this study to evaluate useful the bioactivities and potentially adverse effects of edible insects, ethanol extracts of Allomyrina dichotoma (AD), Tenebrio molitor (TM), Protaetia brevitarsis (PB), Gryllus bimaculatus (GB), Teleogryllus emma (TE), and Apis mellifera (AM) were prepared and evaluated with regard to their anti-thrombosis, anti-oxidant and haemolysis activities against human red blood cells. AD and TE extracts showed strong anti-oxidant activities, which were not related to polyphenol content. All ethanol extracts, except AM extract, showed strong platelet aggregation activities. The platelet aggregation ratios of the extracts were 194%–246% of those of the solvent controls. The effects of the AD, TM, PB, GM, and AM extracts on thrombin, prothrombin and various coagulation factors were negligible. Only the extract of TM showed concentration-dependent anti-coagulation activities, with a 1.75-fold aPTT (activated Partial Thromboplastin Time) extension at 5 mg/mL. Of the six insect extracts, TM and AM extracts exhibited potent haemolytic activity. Our results on the insect extracts’ functional properties suggest that edible insects have considerable potential not just as a food source but as a novel bio-resource as well.

Impedance Aggregometry Reveals Increased Platelet Aggregation during Liver Transplantation.

In patients presenting for liver transplantation, increased platelet aggregation as well as thrombocytopenia have been demonstrated, but bedside assays have not been investigated. We compared platelet aggregation in liver transplantation patients and control surgical patients using impedance aggregometry. We hypothesized that platelet activity is not altered during liver transplantation. After the allowance of the ethics committee, platelet aggregation was determined using impedance aggregometry with the activators ristocetin, adenosine diphosphate (ADP), arachidonic acid, collagen, and thrombin receptor-activating peptide (TRAP) in liver transplantation patients at four time points (start of surgery, anhepatic phase, reperfusion, end of surgery) and in control surgical patients. Moreover, platelet count was determined using a Coulter counter. To compensate for the thrombocytopenia often present in patients presenting for liver transplantation, the ratio between impedance aggregometry finding and platelet count was used. For statistical evaluation, the t-test or the Mann–Whitney U-test were used, as appropriate. Platelet aggregation ratio showed a 3.1-fold increase in liver transplantation patients (n = 37) in comparison to control surgical patients (n = 10) when ristocetin was used as the activator (p = 0.001). Moreover, an approximately twofold increase of ADP-, arachidonic acid-, collagen-, and TRAP-induced platelet aggregation ratio was determined. Platelet aggregation normalized at the end of the transplantation procedure. Impedance aggregometry revealed a markedly increased platelet aggregation in some liver transplantation patients and might be suitable to guide platelet transfusion and antiplatelet therapy.

Association between platelet function and recurrent ischemic vascular events after TIAand minor stroke .

Platelet activation and aggregation play an important role in the pathological and physiological processes of recurrent ischemic vascular events in stroke patients. The purpose of this study is to determine the association between platelet function measured in the acute period and recurrent ischemic vascular events in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke. A total of 417 patients who were within the 24-hour period of clopidogrel-aspirin therapy after onset of a minor stroke or high-risk transient ischemic attack according to the Clopidogrel in High-risk patients with Acute Nondisabling Cerebrovascular Events (CHANCE) trial were included in this study. The platelet aggregation ratio was detected using a method of continuous platelet counting; patients underwent CYP2C19 genotyping, and the baseline data were recorded. The patients underwent a 6-month follow-up period during which the recurrent ischemic vascular events were observed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain the risk factors for recurrent ischemic vascular events. The number of patients with recurrent ischemic events who had an arachidonic acid-induced maximum platelet aggregation ratio (MAR-AA) (aspirin 100 mg) (31.85 ± 12.86 vs. 26.71 ± 12.44, p=0.007) and adenosine diphosphate-induced maximum platelet aggregation ratio (MAR-ADP) after the administration of 75 mg clopidogrel for 12 ± 2 days (65.82 ± 10.72 vs. 53.10 ± 12.98, p<0.001) was significantly higher compared with the no ischemic vascular event group. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that being a carrier of the CYP2C19 loss-of-function (LOF) allele (OR=2.308, 95% CI: 1.087~4.901, p=0.029) as well as the MAR-AA (aspirin 100 mg) (OR=1.028, 95%CI: 1.006 ~ 1.052, p=0.014) and MAR-ADP after the administration of 75 mg clopidogrel (OR=1.067, 95% CI: 1.037~1.095, p<0.001) were risk factors for ischemic vascular events. The MAR-ADP after the administration of 75mg clopidogrel was significantly higher in patients who were carriers of the CYP2C19 (LOF) allele compared with non-carriers (57.53 ± 13.32 vs. 50.86 ± 12.55, p<0.001), and no significant differences between the CYP2C19 LOF allele carriers and non-carriers in the MAR-ADP were detected after the administration of 300 mg clopidogrel (37.18 ± 11.36 vs. 35.86 ± 12.49, p=0.264). Being a carrier of the CYP2C19 LOF allele has a significant influence on clopidogrel response. Platelet function is closely related to recurrent ischemic vascular events in acute minor stroke or TIA patients. .

Associations between P2RY12 gene polymorphisms and risks of clopidogrel resistance and adverse cardiovascular events after PCI in patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Clopidogrel resistance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the key causes of recurrent cardiovascular disease (CVD) events after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Clopidogrel targets the platelet membrane receptor P2RY12 to inhibit platelet aggregation via adenosine diphosphate (ADP). This study aimed to investigate the relationships between P2RY12 polymorphisms and the risk of clopidogrel resistance and adverse CVD events after PCI. From January 2015 to December 2014, patients who had been diagnosed with ACS undergoing PCI and treated with clopidogrel were recruited for this prospective cohort study (N = 498). Data regarding demographics, medication intake, and ACS lesion were recorded, and whole blood samples were collected for biochemical tests, ADP-induced platelet aggregation ratio detection, and P2RY12 genotyping. P2RY12 genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction. The left ventricular ejection fraction was calculated by echocardiography. After 3 to 12 months of follow-up, data regarding any adverse CVD event or death were recorded. The allele frequencies for the T variation alleles in C34T and G52T of P2RY12 were 20.3% and 11.6%, respectively. Patients with T variations at C34T or G52T of P2RY12 had a significantly higher risk of clopidogrel resistance (C34T: P < 0.001; G52T: P = 0.003) and total cardiovascular events (C34T: P = 0.013; G52T: P = 0.018) compared to those with the wild-type genotype. Moreover, multivariable logistic regression showed that patients with the T variations in C34T (odds ratio [OR]: 2.89 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.48–5.64), P = 0.002) and G52T (OR: 3.68 [95% CI: 1.71–7.92], P = 0.001) also had a significantly higher risk of clopidogrel resistance. Also, the T variations in C34T (OR: 2.68 [95% CI: 1.07–6.73], P = 0.035) and G52T (OR: 5.64 [95% CI: 1.52–20.88], P = 0.010) significantly increased the risk of post-PCI CVD events after accounting for confounding factors. The P2RY12 gene polymorphisms C34T and G52T were significantly associated with a higher risk of clopidogrel resistance and sequential cardiovascular events in Chinese ACS patients after PCI.

English

This study examined the effects of anthropometric variables and metabolic imbalance on platelet aggregation in diabetic patients. A total of 109 volunteer were used; 58 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients (28 males and 30 females) who were receiving treatment at the University College Hospital Ibadan and 51 non diabetic control recruited from residents of Agbowo and Teachers of some secondary schools within the University of Ibadan. Body mass index (BMI)&nbsp; and body surface area (BSA) were assessed as indices of anthropometry, fasting blood sugar (FBS), plasma cholesterol and triglycerides (TAG)&nbsp; were determined using standard method and platelet aggregation test was done on the whole blood. Platelet aggregation ratio was higher in non diabetic compared to the diabetic subjects (P&lt;0.001). The mean platelet aggregation ratio was also significantly higher in the male diabetic when compared to the female diabetic group (P&lt;0.001). There was a significant linear relationship between platelet aggregation ratio and BMI (P&lt;0.01), age (P0.05), FBS (P&lt; 0.01), plasma cholesterol (P&lt;0.01) and plasma TAG (P&lt;0.05). However, the correlation coefficient between platelet aggregation ratio and BSA is not significant. In the non diabetic control subjects the correlation coefficient is not significant. Findings from this study suggest that, the increased platelet aggregation found in diabetic patients increased significantly with increased BMI but decrease with age. The mean platelet aggregation is also increased significantly with increase metabolic imbalance. &nbsp; Key word: Platelet aggregation, anthropometry, diabetes mellitus, Body mass index (BMI), fasting blood sugar (FBS).

GW24-e1258 No association between PON1 Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Clopidogrel Resistance in Chinese Han population

ObjectivesClopidogrel requires bioactivation in vivo to convert the pro-drug into its active metabolite to show its antiplatelet effects. The variability in the clinical response to clopidogrel treatment has been attributed...

ASSA13-10-5 No Association Between PON1 Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Clopidogrel Resistance in Chinese Han Population

<h3>Background</h3> Clopidogrel requires bioactivation <i>in vivo</i> to convert the pro-drug into its active metabolite to show its antiplatelet effects. The variability in the clinical response to clopidogrel treatment has been attributed to genetic factors, but the specific genes and mechanisms underlying clopidogrel bioactivation remain unclear. Recent studies report that Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) as a key enzyme play vital part in clopidogrel bioactivation. <h3>Objective</h3> The aim of our study was to assess whether PON1 gene polymorphisms are correlation with clopidogrel resistance (CR) in patients receiving clopidogrel after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). <h3>Methods</h3> A total of 850 patients undergoing PCI were enrolled in this study, according to clopidogrel response which was assessed by post-treatment 20 μmol/L ADP -induced platelet aggregation ratio (PRA), RPA (RPA ≥ 70%) was defined as clopidogrel resistance (CR). We genotyped five SNPs of PON1 gene, the coding polymorphisms Q192R (rs662) and L55M (rs854560), the promoter polymorphisms –108C/T (rs705379), –162A/G (rs705381) and –909G/C (rs854572) variants by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition, activity level of PON1 towards phenylacetate was measured by spectro- photometrically at 270 nm. The SPSS 21.0 software was used to analyse all the included data. <h3>Results</h3> The genotype frequencies of all studied SNPs were well to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in both CR group and NCR group. Between the two groups, the five SNPs have the similar genotype and allele frequency (Q192R, <i>P</i> = 0.325 and 0.421; L55M, 0.806 and 0.499; rs705379, P = 0.426 and 0.263; rs705381, <i>P</i> = 0.513 and 0.484; rs854572, <i>P</i> = 0.482 and 0.798 respectively). The serum PON1 activity was lower in CR as compared to the NCR group, but not statistically significant (<i>P</i> = 0.554). In the two groups, we did not observed any significant difference in PON1 gene polymorphisms and PON1 activity. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study demonstrates that neither PON1 gene polymorphisms nor PON1 activity are associated with CR in patients receiving clopidogrel after PCI.

Blood compatibility and tissue responsiveness on simple and durable methylsiloxane coating

This study was conducted to evaluate the blood compatibility and tissue responsiveness of methylsiloxane (MS)-coated inorganic (glass and metal) substrates both in vitro and in vivo. MS was prepared from methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) through hydrolysis of a sol–gel solution at 80°C. The adhesive strength of the MS coating was evaluated by using a tear-off test, revealing that the MS strongly adhered to the surface of the inorganic substrates. Blood compatibility was evaluated by assessing platelet adhesion and blood plasma coagulation time. The platelet aggregation ratio of the MS-coated glass tube was reduced to 10%, which was much smaller than that of the coating-free glass tubes (99%) and conventional blood-compatible polystyrene (PS) tubes (18%). Coagulation time was measured by active partial thromboplastin time (APTT) test, which showed that MS coating is as inert as PS in activating blood coagulation factor XII. Tissue responsiveness to the bulk MS sample, evaluated by animal test, showed a desirable compatibility comparable to that of the control titanium sample. This study indicated that MS coating is readily available to convert inorganic materials to useful biomaterials that have suitable mechanical strength and are compatible with blood and tissue.

Study on the association between clopidogrel resistance in patients with acute coronary syndrome and CYP2C19 polymorphisms

ObjectiveTo investigate clopidogrel resistance (CR)in patients of Han ethnic group with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the association between CR and CYP2C19 polymorphisms, to provide a theoretical basis to minimise...

The efficacy of sodium ozagrel in the treatment of ischemic stroke

Objective To explore the efficacy of sodium ozagrel for ischemic stroke. Methods 54 patients with ischemic stroke who had been hospitalized during the period of January 2010 to February 2011 were randomly assigned to receive sodium ozagrel (27 patients, study group ) oraSpirin (27 patients, control group ). The scores on NIHSS and the efficacy were assessed in the two groups before and 14 days after treatment. Results There was a statistical difference in the total effective rate between the two groups ( 85.19% in the study group vs. 48.15% in the control group, P < 0.05 ). 14 days after treatment, the scores on NIHSS were markedly lower in both groups and the scores in the study group were superior to those in the control group ( P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 ). The plasma concetration, platelet aggregation ratio, fibrinogen content, and prothrombin time differed significantly 14 days after treatment ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusions The therapy with sodium ozagrel for ischemic stroke is effective, has fewer adverse reactions, and is worth popularizing. Key words: Ischemic stroke; Sodium ozagrel; Efficacy

Ellagic Acid-induced Hypercoagulable State in Animals: a Potentially Useful Animal Hypercoagulable Model for Evaluation of Anticoagulants

To establish and evaluate a hypercoagulable animal model for the assessment of anticoagulants. Forty mice, thirty-two rats, and twenty-four rabbits were randomly and equally divided into control group (saline) and three ellagic acid (EA)-treated groups (low, middle, and high doses). In the mice, bleeding time (BT) was estimated with tail transaction, and clotting time (CT) with template method. Prothrombin time (PT) and the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) in rats and rabbits were measured by means of Quick's one-stage assay and modified APTT assay respectively. In addition, thrombin activity was estimated in rats with PT assay using a hemagglutination analyzer. The circulating platelet aggregates were detected in rabbits through platelet counting and presented as the circulating platelet aggregate ratio (CPAR). EA shortened BT and CT in mice, PT and APTT in rats, and increased thrombin activity and CPAR, all in a dose-dependent manner. EA also brought reduction of PT and APTT in rabbits in dose- and time-dependent manners. EA could induce hypercoagulable state through activating coagulation system and platelets in mice, rats, and rabbits.

Effects of various doses of aspirin on platelet activity and endothelial function

Although aspirin has become an established medicine for cardiac and cerebrovascular diseases, the optimal dose remains unknown. We evaluated the optimal dose of aspirin on platelet activity and endothelial function by administering 11 healthy male volunteers (32 ± 6 years of age) doses of aspirin that were increased in a stepwise manner (0, 81, 162, 330 and 660 mg/day) every 3 days. Platelet activity was assessed as surface P-selectin expression (%) measured by flow cytometry and the platelet aggregation ratio. Endothelial function in the brachial artery was assessed by measuring flow-mediated dilation (FMD) before and after reactive hyperemia. Platelet aggregation and P-selectin expression were significantly and dose-dependently suppressed (81-660 mg), and the FMD ratio tended to increase from 0 to 162 mg, but decreased significantly at 660 mg. In conclusion, although aspirin suppressed platelet activity and even surface P-selectin expression, higher doses worsened endothelial-mediated arterial dilation.

E0647 The animal model establishment of acute coronary no-reflow phenomenon in york swine via intracoronary injection of microsphere with blood suspension

ObjectiveTo explore the fusibility of establishing animal model of no reflow phenomenon in swine by super selecting LAD with 4F catheter, and injecting polyethylene microspheres and blood suspension (PMBS) into...

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis of TS-943, a selective non-peptide platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) receptor antagonist, using a nonlinear mixed effect model in dogs.

A simultaneous analysis of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of TS-943, a selective nonpeptide platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) receptor antagonist, was made in dogs using a nonlinear mixed effect model. Plasma concentrations of TS-943 were determined after bolus intravenous injection, constant infusion and bolus plus constant infusion. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic data were fitted using NONMEM software. The pharmacokinetics of TS-943 fitted a two-compartment open model with first-order elimination. The pharmacodynamic model that best fitted platelet aggregation was an inhibitory sigmoid Emax model. The final estimates for E0 (baseline effect), Emax (maximum effect), IC50 (50% inhibitory concentration) and gamma (Hill coefficient) were 66.3%, 64.3%, 104 ng mL(-1) and 1.37, respectively. Correlations between TS-943 plasma concentration and extension of template bleeding time were examined by fitting with an exponential model. The TS-943 plasma concentration necessary to double bleeding time (C2-BTE) was approximately 209 ng mL(-1). The model estimated that the C2-BTE/IC50 (inhibition of platelet aggregation) ratio was approximately 2.0-fold in dogs. Our results suggest that the ratio values for dogs and man are comparable. A nonlinear mixed effect model was a useful tool for exploring the concentration-effect relationship for both efficacy and safety of TS-943 in dogs and man. In this study, the dog was found to be a useful model for screening of efficacy and safety of TS-943 in man.

Aprotinin reduces the antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel

Aprotinin reduces bleeding and transfusion rates in patients undergoing coronary surgery while on clopidogrel. However, safety studies have indicated that aprotinin may have a possible adverse effect related to an increased incidence of thromboembolic events. We therefore studied the adenosinediphosphate (ADP) mediated platelet aggregation before and after administration of aprotinin in patients on clopidogrel. Fifteen clopidogrel-treated patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing coronary surgery were studied. ADP-mediated platelet aggregation and platelet count ratio (%) were measured before and after a bolus dose [2 x 10(6) kallikrein inhibiting units (KIU)] of aprotinin. Aprotinin induced an increased aggregation in 11 of 15 patients (73%), and a decrease was registered in two patients (13%). The median (25th/75th percentile) ADP-mediated platelet aggregation before and after aprotinin was 84% (76/91) and 94% (86/97, P<0.01). Clopidogrel non-responders with >90% aggregation (n=4) had a median aggregation of 94.5% (91.5/97.5) vs. 82% (73/87, P<0.01) in the responders (n=11). The median increase in platelet aggregation after aprotinin was 8% (5/20) in the responders vs. 0% (-5.25/3, P<0.01) in the non-responders. Aprotinin increased ADP induced platelet aggregation from 84 to 94% in patients on clopidogrel, which corresponds to a median decrease in relative platelet inhibition of >50%.

Need for a Point-of-Care Assay for Monitoring Antiplatelet and Antithrombotic Therapies

Geoffrey A. Donnan MD, FRACP Stephen M. Davis MD, FRACP Section Editors: The Framingham studies instituted by the National Institutes of Health in the 1950s identified the major risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease. Specific lipid-lowering drugs and a variety of blood pressure-lowering drugs were developed to better mange these cardiovascular disease risk factors. Along with the use of these therapeutic modalities, the means to monitor risk factors after medical intervention was also developed. However, despite the fact that antiplatelet therapies are in use for a lot longer than statin therapy, no simple, specific, cost-effective assays are available for monitoring antiplatelet therapy. The need for such an assay for monitoring antithrombotic therapies is greater in patients with stroke. According to the American Heart Association update,1 on an …

Platelet aggregation, eicosanoid production and thrombogenic ratio in individuals at high cardiovascular risk consuming meat enriched in walnut paste. A crossover, placebo-controlled study

Walnut consumption produces beneficial cardiovascular effects. The aim of the present study is to compare the effects of meat enriched in walnut paste (WM) and low-fat meat (LM) consumptions on platelet aggregation, plasma thromboxane A2 (TXA2, measured as TXB2), prostacyclin I2 (PGI2, as 6-keto-PGF1alpha) and the thrombogenic ratio (TXB2/6-keto-PGF1alpha) in volunteers at high CVD risk. Twenty-two adults were placed on a random, non-blinded crossover study involving two test periods (five portions WM/week for 5 week; five portions LM/week for 5 week) separated by a 4- to 6-week washout period. The participants were asked to complete a diet record throughout the study. Platelet aggregation, plasma TXB2, 6-keto-PGF1alpha production and the TXB2/6-keto-PGF1alpha ratio were determined at baseline and at weeks 3 and 5 for the two dietary periods. The WM diet contains a lower SFA content, a higher concentration of PUFA and a more favourable n-6/n-3 ratio than the LM diet. Significant time x treatment interactions were observed for TXB2 (P = 0.048) and the TXB2/6-keto-PGF1alpha ratio (P = 0.028). The WM diet significantly increased the level of 6-keto-PGF1alpha (P = 0.037) and decreased the TXB2/6-keto-PGF1alpha ratio (P = 0.048). At week 5, significant differences (P < 0.05) between treatments were found for maximum aggregation rate, TXB2 values and the TXB2/6-keto-PGF1alpha ratio. The effects on TXB2 and the TXB2/6-keto-PGF1alpha ratio were time-course dependent (P = 0.019 and 0.011, respectively). The WM and LM diets reduced TXB2 levels most (P = 0.050) in obese individuals, while the TXB2/6-keto-PGF1alpha ratio decreased most (P = 0.066) in volunteers whose serum cholesterol levels were > or = 2200 mg/l. The WM diet should be considered a functional meat because it improves the thrombogenic status mainly in individuals with high-cholesterol levels or high BMI.

Screening of some vegetables that inhibit platelet aggregation and their mechanism:a preliminary study

Objective To study the mechanism of some vegetables inhibiting human platelet aggregation function.Methods Some vegetable juice was mixed(tomato juice as positive control)with platelet-rich plasma(PRP),and maximum ratio of platelet aggregation was measured after induction by agonists on the aggregometer.The expression levels of platelet activation marker were detected,including fibrinogen receptor(Fib-R),P-selectin(CD62P),and the combination amount of fibrinogen on the surface of platelet by flow cytometry to validate the inhibitory effect of platelet aggregation by animal tests.Ordinary white rabbits were randomly divided into five groups,each group was fed with saline,cooked tomato juice,blanched garlic leaves juice,Chinese cabbage juice or spinach juice,respectively.And the maximum ratio of rabbit platelet aggregation in different time were observed.Results Cooked vegetable juice couldn't inhibit human platelet aggregation induced by AA,but blanched garlic leaves juice,Chinese cabbage juice and spinach juice could inhibit human platelet aggregation obviously induced by ADP.collagen or epinephrine.The inhibition intensity of platelet aggregation increased markedly along with the increase of the concentration of the cooked vegetables juice.Cooked juice of blanched garlic leaves,Chinese cabbage,spinach could not inhibit the expression of Fib-R and CD62P,Whereas they were able to significantly decrease the amount of Fib-R and fibrinogen binding. ADP-induced rabbit platelet aggregation ratios in the group fed with cooked juice of blanched garlic leaves,Chinese cabbage or spinach were significantly lower than control group after 3,5,8 weeks,respectively.The inhibition ratios of the platelet aggregation in cooked Chinese cabbage juice group were 45.7%,53.6%,48.5% after 3,5,8 weeks,respectively.Cooked juice of blanched garlic leaves group were 10.7%,66.7%,46.3%,respectively. Cooked spinach juice group were 8.7%,21.0%,42.6%,respectively.The collagen-induced rabbit platelet aggregation ratios in the groups fed with cooked juice of blanched garlic leaves or Chinese cabbage were significantly lower than control group after 5 and 8 weeks respectively. The inhibition ratios of the platelet aggregation in cooked Chinese cabbage juice group were 54.9%,56.3%after 5 and 8 weeks,respectively. Cooked juice of blanched garlic leaves group were 28.4%and 86.7%,respectively. Cooked tomato juice could not inhibit rabbit platelet aggregation in 8 weeks. Conclusions After induced by ADP or collagen,cooked juice of blanched garlic leaves,Chinese cabbage and spinach could significantly decrease the amount of Fib-R and fibrinogen binding,and inhibit platelet aggregation function significantly.It may have potential application of therapy or prlevention of thrombotic diseases. Key words: Platelet aggregation; Vegetables; In vitro; Animal experimentation