Water Tube Research Articles

Design and Development of Bamboo Straw Making Machine

A bamboo straw-making machine is a device that automates the process of making bamboo straws. It is designed to efficiently produce high quality, eco-friendly straws from bamboo material. The machine typically starts by cutting bamboo stalks into smaller pieces, then shaping them into thin tubes and polishing them to achieve a smooth surface. Some machines can produce straws with different diameters and lengths, while others come with additional features such as labelling, sterilizing, and packaging. With a bamboo straw-making machine, manufacturers can mass-produce bamboo straws with consistent quality and reduce reliance on manual labour. This technology enables the production of large quantities of sustainable straws to meet the increasing demand from businesses and individuals looking for ecofriendly alternatives to plastic straws.

Efektivitas Penggunaan Stainless Steel Atau Sendok Besi Terhadap Kesehatan Lingkungan

Plastic waste is the largest source of waste. Plastic waste in Indonesia has polluted the ocean. There are many products made from plastic, one of which is straws. Plastic waste is waste that has a bad impact on the environment, countermeasures are needed to help reduce waste and environmental pollution for a healthy, clean and comfortable life for the community. One of the movements and innovations to reduce plastic straw waste is the emergence of the No Plastic Straw Movement or the movement without plastic straws. . Plastic straws are now being replaced with iron straws or stainless steel straws. However, there are still pros and cons to its use. Stainless steel helps reduce plastic waste, but using iron in its manufacture can also result in environmental pollution. This article is here to see how effective the use of stainless steel is in people's lives.

Monodispersed Bubble Generation Using Hydrophobic Orifices: The Extended Tate's Law.

The use of submerged orifices for bubble generation is ubiquitous in industries with wettability known to influence the bubble departure diameter. In this study, we investigated bubble generation and departure from the orifices (0.3-2 mm) drilled on hydrophobic perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) tubes in water. By varying the gas inflow rate (33 to 200 mL/min), we found that the Sauter mean diameter closely matched those generated by hydrophilic quartz orifices. However, monodispersed bubbles were formed on the PFA tube compared to those on quartz with much wider size distributions. By examining the dynamic bubbling process, we confirmed its agreement with Tate's law, which was originally developed for quasi-steady conditions and emphasizes a balance between capillary and buoyancy forces. However, it should be noted that dynamic conditions lead to an increase in bubble volume compared to the quasi-steady condition despite following the same principle, which is explained by the continuous gas inflow when the bubble departs from the orifice at a necking stage. The above understandings enable generation of monodispersed bubbles under dynamic conditions, benefiting industries requiring precise control on bubble size, such as the bubble assisted wet etching and cleaning processes in semiconductor fabrication.

Assessing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: preliminary results using a novel lumbar spine phantom-based MRI scoring method.

To develop a novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) phantom for producing F-score (for fat) and W-score (for water) and to evaluate the performance of these scores in assessing osteoporosis and related vertebral fractures. First, a real-time phantom consisting of oil and water tubes was manufactured. Then, 30 female volunteers (age: 62.3 ± 6.3years) underwent lumbar spine examination with MRI (using a novel phantom) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), following ethical approval. MRI phantom-based F-score and W-score were defined by normalizing the vertebral signal intensities (SIs) by the oil and water SIs of the phantom on T1- and T2-weighted images, respectively. The diagnostic performances of the new scores for assessing osteoporosis and vertebral fractures were examined using receiver operating characteristic analysis and compared with DXA-measured areal bone mineral density (DXA-aBMD). The F-score and W-score were greater in the osteoporotic patients (3.93 and 2.29) than the non-osteoporotic subjects (3.05 and 1.79) and achieved AUC values of 0.85 and 0.74 (p < 0.05), respectively, when detecting osteoporosis. Similarly, F-score and W-score had greater values for the fracture patients (3.94 and 2.53) than the non-fracture subjects (3.14 and 1.69) and produced better AUC values (0.90 for W-score and 0.79 for F-score) compared to DXA-aBMD (AUC: 0.27, p < 0.05). In addition,the F-score and W-score had a strong correlation (r = 0.77; p < 0.001). A novel real-time lumber spine MRI phantom was developed, based upon which newly defined F-score and W-score were able to detect osteoporosis and demonstrated an improved ability over DXA-aBMD in differentiating patients with vertebral fractures.

Adapting Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction as an Innovative Multitool for Sample Transfer and Extraction in Pharmacokinetic Analysis Followed by LC-MS Determination of Levofloxacin in Plasma Samples.

Fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) is a simple microextraction technique that allows analytes to be rescued from matrix components while using a small volume of samples to analyze complex biological systems. This study used FPSE as a microextraction tool and a sample storage and transfer device. Levofloxacin as a model molecule was applied intravenously (IV) to New Zealand male rabbits. The samples were simultaneously extracted by using FPSE and protein precipitation methods. The final solutions were analyzed using LC-MS equipped with an ACE C18 LC Column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) at 25 °C employed in isocratic elution mode using solution A (0.1% formic acid in water)/solution B (0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile) (80:20, v/v). The total analysis time was less than 15 min. The developed method was validated using the ICH M10 bioanalytical method validation and study sample analysis guidelines. The results obtained using FPSE were statistically identical to those obtained using protein precipitation. The plasma samples applied onto FPSE (10 μL onto 1.0 cm × 1.0 cm Biofluid Sampler) were stored in three different temperatures [refrigerator (2-8 °C), at ambient temperature (20 ± 5 °C), and in the stability cabinet (40 °C, 75% humidity)] and three different storage conditions (Eppendorf tubes, plastic containers, and straw paper envelopes). Levofloxacin in plasma samples adsorbed by FPSE biofluid sampler remained stable at 2-8 °C in Eppendorf tubes for at least 1 week. This study showed that FPSE could be used as a sample storage and transfer device for pharmacokinetic applications that need to work with small sample volumes and discard aggressive cold chains to store and transfer the plasma samples.

Orographic effects on droughts in a monsoon climate with the world's highest rainfall

AbstractDrought, a recurring natural phenomenon in South Asia's monsoon climate, presents challenges in delineating its spatiotemporal patterns within complex topographies. This study investigated the impact of the orographic barrier in the rice‐dominated agricultural region of northeastern India and Bangladesh on drought characteristics during 1951–2020, employing the relative Standardized Precipitation Index (rSPI) and relative Standardized Precipitation‐Evapotranspiration Index (rSPEI) across 3‐, 6‐ and 12‐month scales. The results indicate that even in the rainiest region of the world, droughts extend beyond the limits of the dry season inherent in the monsoon regime. These mostly regional droughts exhibit weak correlations with the core of the Indian subcontinent and other parts of Bangladesh. The region's orographic barrier has a greater influence on drought intensity than on frequency. The rSPI index, which depends solely on rainfall, may overestimate drought intensity and frequency in regions with high seasonal/annual rainfall and substantial intermonthly variability. In contrast, the rSPEI index, which depends on both rainfall and potential evapotranspiration (PET), better reflects the spatial variation of drought in complex terrain, identifying the leeward hinterland of the orographic barrier as the most drought‐prone area. The two indices give similar results for drought characteristics away from the barrier. Furthermore, the orographic barrier exerts a negligible influence on the trends in rSPI and rSPEI. Principal component analysis (PCA) highlights the influences of the rainfall coefficient of variation and elevation on rSPI, while the PET coefficient of variation strongly influences rSPEI. Strategies to minimize the adverse effects of drought in complex topography and year‐round cropping should be local and season‐specific. These include using shorter‐growing, drought‐resistant rice varieties and adjusting planting schedules in rain shadow areas during the summer monsoon. These efforts should be complemented by integrating indigenous irrigation methods with modern practices such as roof water harvesting and tube wells in winter.

Effects of sperm concentration on the quality of cryopreserved sperm in Yangtze sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus)

The Yangtze sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus) is extinct in the wild; however, artificial propagation in captivity under fully controlled conditions has been successful. Sperm cryopreservation is an effective method for germplasm conservation and aquaculture. Sperm concentration affects the quality of cryopreserved spermatozoa. Thus, in this study, we optimized the concentration (0.25 × 109, 0.5 × 109, 1.0 × 109, and 2.0 × 109 spermatozoa [spz]/mL) for Yangtze sturgeon sperm cryopreservation in a 0.5 mL plastic straw. The greatest value for the kinetic parameters was achieved when sperm were cryopreserved at 0.5 × 109 spz/mL. In comparison to other concentrations, there was a notable increase in both acrosomal and plasma membrane integrity when sperm was cryopreserved at a concentration of 0.5 × 109 spz/mL. No significant difference of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity was present in post-thaw sperm, except in sperm cryopreserved at a concentration of 2.0 × 109 spz/mL. Catalase activity was significantly higher in post-thaw sperm at a concentration of 0.5 × 109 spz/mL than at other concentrations. Excluding sperm cryopreserved at 2.0 × 109 spz/mL, the fertilization rate of cryopreserved sperm was not significantly different among the different concentrations. This concentration optimization improves cryopreserved sperm quality and standardizes sperm cryopreservation procedures for the Yangtze sturgeon. These findings are especially beneficial for the establishment of a sperm cryobank.

Characterizing soil hydrology in the Indo-Gangetic plain of Bihar, India: Methods and preliminary results

In the Eastern Gangetic Plain (EGP) soil hydrology is a major determinant of land use and also governs the ecosystem services derived from cropping systems, particularly greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from rice fields. To characterize patterns of soil hydrology in these, daily field monitoring of water levels was conducted during the monsoon (kharif) season in a comparatively wet (2021) and dry (2022) year with flooding depth and drainage tracked with field water tubes across 47 (2021) and 183 (2022) locations. Fields were clustered into hydrologic response types (HRT) which can then be used for land surface modelling, land use recommendations, and to target agronomic interventions that contribute to sustainable development outcomes. Clusters based on two methods of summarizing a single information source were compared. The information source was a time-series of field water-level observations, and the two methods were (1) the original time-series and their first differences and (2) a set of derived hydrologic descriptors that are conceptually related to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Clustering was (1) by k-means with an optimization of cluster numbers and (2) by hierarchical clustering with the same number of clusters as identified by k-means. Hydrologic behaviour shifted dramatically between growing seasons, and it was not possible to identify consistent HRT's across years. The clusters had only a weak relation with soil properties, almost no relation with farmer perception of relative landscape position, and no relation with rice establishment method. Clusters based on time-series were moderately well predicted in the dry year 2022 by optimized random forest models, with the most important predictors being the number of irrigations, seasonal precipitation, pre-monsoon groundwater levels, seasonal groundwater level change, and pH, this latter as a surrogate for landscape position and other soil properties. In the wet year 2021 clusters were (poorly) predicted by just seasonal precipitation and pre-monsoon groundwater levels. This shows the complex relation of soil hydrology with landscape position and land management, as well as synoptic climate. By contrast, clusters based on the descriptors were not well-matched with those from the time-series, and could not be well predicted by random forest models. This shows that different clustering criteria may result in different interpretations of the landscape hydrology and thus different heuristics for anticipating the hydrology of a given field under different management choices.

MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS RISK ASSESSMENT AMONG SMALL TOFU FACTORY WORKERS IN TANGERANG CITY: AN INDONESIAN CASE STUDY

Introduction: Conventional tofu production involves various manual handling tasks which increases the risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). A previous study found a very high risk of MSDs in tofu manufacturing, especially in the filtering task with a REBA score of 13. Aims: This study aims to evaluate the risk of MSDs in tofu factory workers. Methods: Workplace observations and unstructured interviews were conducted at two traditional tofu factories (X and Y) and a more modern silken tofu factory to identify the risk of MSDs. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and the Quick Exposure Check (QEC) method were used to determine the prevalence and risk of MSDs. A total of 52 workers voluntarily participated in this study. Results: The traditional and silken tofu manufacturing processes involved seven and fifteen tasks, respectively. This study found that workers in the traditional tofu factories had a higher prevalence of MSDs than those in the silken tofu factory. In the past 12 months, traditional tofu factory workers reported MSDs in their lower back (94.4%), right shoulder (77.8%), and neck (61.1%). On the other hand, silken tofu factory workers reported MSDs in their lower back (81.3%), right shoulder (62.5%), and upper back region (56.3%). According to the QEC method, grinding and filtering were identified as two tasks with a very high risk of MSDs in the traditional factories. In addition, transferring tofu crates from cold water to hot water tub in the silken factory was identified as a very high risk of MSDs. Conclusion: Intervention is necessary for tasks with a very high risk of MSDs in small tofu factories.

From sea to sea: Edible, hydrostable, and degradable straws based on seaweed-derived insoluble cellulose fibers and soluble polysaccharides

The widespread use of disposable plastic straws has caused a long-lasting environmental problem. Potential alternatives for plastic straws are far from satisfactory due to the low utility, poor water stability, and non-ideal natural degradability. In this work, an edible, hydrostable, and degradable straw was developed from the economically significant seaweed. Seaweed-derived insoluble cellulose fibers were used as the building block of the straw, and the soluble polysaccharide extracts were explored as the natural glue through the chelation with Ca2+. Repeated freeze-thawing was introduced to strengthen the molecular interactions, which further improved its mechanical stability and hydrostability. The straw exhibited remarkable natural degradability in open environments, particularly in marine-mimicking conditions. By incorporating pH-sensitive food pigments, the straws could indicate acid-base property of a beverage or even discriminate the freshness of milk. The versatile seaweed-derived straw adhered to the biocycle concept of “from sea to sea” to alleviate the burden of white pollution on oceans.

Numerical simulation and experimental investigation on Phase Change Materials based energy storage system for cooling the water in process industries towards water conservation and environmental sustainability

Water conservation is one of the significant concerns in the industrial sector in cooling processes. Water is lost predominantly in the cooling towers by evaporation, drift, and blowdown. A new Phase Change Material (PCM) based cooling system is proposed as a replacement for cooling towers to eliminate water losses completely. In the current research, the temperature drop of water known as range in the cooling tower is investigated in the proposed system by varying the process parameters such as water velocity, tube materials and tube lenght. In the present study, OM50, an organic PCM with a melting temperature of 500 C is chosen for experimental and numerical analysis as the normal operating temperature of water in the cooling towers is in this range. Based on the experiment, it is observed that the temperature range of water almost remains constant for the melt fraction values of PCM from about 0.1 to 0.8 and taking about 35 % of the total time required for completely melting the PCM. However the cooling range steeply decreases for the melt fraction variation from 0.8 to 1. Hence the designing of PCM based cooling system will be effective for the melting of the PCM from 0.1 to 0.8 leading to constant cooling range of temperature. The experimental results obtained are also validated by CFD simulation using ANSYS 18.1 and the results obtained are in close agreement with each other. The range obtained in the present research is almost in the same range of cooling tower used in the chiller plant presented in the case study. The proposed system may be able to replace cooling towers towards conservation of water and environmental sustainability.

Flow resistance of phloem sieve plates revisited using an experimental model

Flow resistance of phloem sieve plates revisited using an experimental model

Maximization of Productivity and Water Saving through Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation (AWDI) in Rice under Tamil Nadu Irrigated Agriculture Modernization Project (TN IAMP) Aliyar Sub Basin Farmers of Tamil Nadu, India

TN IAMP-II Aliyar sub basin scheme operated by Agricultural College and Research Institute (TNAU), Vazhavachanur, Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu state has conducted large-scale front-line demonstrations on Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation (AWDI) practice in transplanted paddy growing in 11 villages of Tiruvannamalai district at 100 farmer’s holdings during kharif season of 2019-20 and 2020-21. The data on productivity, economics and water saving in demonstrated plots were compared with Flood irrigation 1200 mm (Farmer practice). The demonstrated plot yield was 64.2 q / ha compared with farmer practice (51.7 q / ha). The yield increase was 24.3 per cent. The extension gap, technology gap and technology index were 12.6 q ha-1, 5.8 q ha-1 and 8.29 per cent, respectively. The higher gross return (Rs. 128,443 ha-1), higher net return (Rs. 74,319ha-1) and B: C (2.38) was observed in demonstrated plot compared to farmers’ practice plot (Flood irrigation). Higher yield and returns due to reduced cost of cultivation, higher grain yield, net returns and more water saving in AWDI (24.7%).Water depth of 5 cm was maintained in the demo plot (T2) over the farmer’s practice (T1) (Water depth 30.0 cm) and the field water level was measured by Field water Tube. Created awareness and motivated the farmers to adopt AWDI practices in TN IAMP Phase II Aliyar sub basin of Tiruvannamalai district.

Age-related difference in oral adaptation to masticatory perturbation

ObjectivesMastication can be influenced by intraoral perturbation (e.g., hard food). We developed the masticatory perturbation task (MPT) to assess the perturbation effect during mastication and quantify the degree of adaptation to masticatory perturbation in younger and older adults. DesignThirty-eight younger and 38 older participants completed the MPT, which consisted of three trials assessing masticatory performance (MP) without perturbation (i.e., the baseline condition) and three trials assessing MP with perturbation (i.e., the perturbation condition). Perturbation was implemented by concurrently chewing test food on the preferred side and a drinking straw on the nonpreferred side. We estimated the perturbation effect as the ΔMP between the baseline and perturbation conditions and the adaptation effect as the ΔMP between the third and the first trials for both age groups. ResultsWe found a significant perturbation effect, i.e., a lower MP in the perturbation condition than in the baseline condition, and an adaptation effect, i.e., a higher MP in the third trial than the first trial, in both groups. Moreover, the older group showed a lower degree of adaptation than the younger group. ConclusionThe masticatory perturbation task revealed the perturbation effect during mastication and the adaptation to masticatory perturbation. The results revealed an association between age and masticatory adaptation.

Analysing Influence of Product Attributes And Customer Characteristics Towards Customer’s Purchase Intention on Edible Cutlery

Plastic waste has become a significant threat and problem to the world, causing many environmental and ecosystem issues. Plastic pollution causes a disturbance towards habitats and interferes with natural processes, reducing the environment's ability to adapt to climate change. Indonesia consumes more than 93 million plastic straws every day, making the country the fourth largest plastic straw-consuming country in the world. Many actions have been taken to solve this problem, one of them being the introduction of edible cutleries, including edible straws. Although the market value for edible straws shows a great opportunity, predicted to reach USD 446.96 in the year 2029, a growth of 113% from 2020, several edible cutlery provider businesses have not been receiving the expected response from the market. Departing from this problem, this research was conducted to identify factors influencing a customer's purchase intention on edible cutlery products. Seventy-eight respondents who have ever consumed any edible cutlery product residing in DKI Jakarta or Kota Bandung were involved in this study. The data was gathered using an online survey in the form of a questionnaire, using Bahasa Indonesia as the survey language. The data was then analyzed by implementing multiple linear analysis methods. The result of the study indicates that psychological factors significantly and positively affect a customer's purchase intention on edible cutleries. On the other hand, product quality, product features, product style and design, cultural factors, social factors, and personal factors do not significantly affect the purchase intention of edible cutlery products of a customer. Moreover, each independent variable for this research simultaneously affects a customer's dependent variable on edible cutlery products.

Effects of displacement amplitude and normal force on fretting wear behavior of zirconium alloy tube in simulated primary water of PWR

Grid-to-rod (GTR) fretting wear was identified as the primary cause of fuel assembly failure. A high temperature pressurized water fretting wear system was designed and fabricated to study the fretting wear behavior between the actual cladding tube and grid dimple. Test parameter combinations of displacement amplitude (±10 ∼ ±50 μm) and normal force (10 ∼ 40 N) were selected by previous fretting map. The findings of the study revealed that the extent of fretting damage on Zr alloy tubes, under the gross slip regime (GSR), was primarily influenced by the displacement amplitude rather than the normal force. It was also noted that the mixed fretting regime could potentially be more hazardous than GSR due to the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks. In addition, a fretting damage prediction model was successfully developed based on the previous fretting map.

Interceptor sewer for abatement of pollution in surface water

Abstract Unplanned population growth in urban cities has largely caused unplanned habitations called slums. Due to various complexities, service providers are unable to provide basic amenities, i.e., water, roads, sanitation, and sewerage in these slums. Water, being the basic need for human survival, is either managed by these residents by extracting groundwater or the minimum required water is provided by the government through water tankers or tube wells. In the absence of sewerage facilities, sewage is discharged directly into stormwater drains, rivers, ponds, lakes, etc. It contaminates the freshwater of these water bodies. The Yamuna River (22 km stretch) from the Wazirabad Barrage to the Okhla Barrage, and about 600 lakes in Delhi, India, are highly polluted. To avoid such severe events of contamination of water resources, it is necessary to develop a system to intercept wastewater at the source, transfer it to the nearest sewage treatment plant, and treat it to the required discharge standard, called the interceptor sewer. This case study is an outcome of a successful mega project of an interceptor sewer along three major drains (Najafgarh, Supplementary, and Shahadra) for the abatement of pollution in river Yamuna, Delhi.

Memanfaatkan Limbah Sedotan Plastik Menjadi Vas Bunga Hias

This journal was created to learn how to make flower vases from plastic straws. A descriptive qualitative research methodology was applied in this literature review type of research. The results show that the use of plastic waste to make flower vases is one way to reduce the amount of plastic waste in the environment because plastic waste cannot decompose. By using plastic waste as the basic material for making flower vases, plastic waste can be reused and prevent the accumulation of plastic waste in the environment.

How and when do Pt- and Pd-semimetal minerals crystallize from saturated sulfide liquids?

Platinum and Pd-arsenides, antimonides, tellurides, bismuthinides, and sulfides are the major hosts of Pt and Pd in magmatic and hydrothermal Cu-Ni-sulfide ores. Textural relationships among such minerals in nature often provide contradictory messages about the mechanism and timing of their formation. To know how and when Pt and Pd mineral phases crystallize from sulfide-saturated liquids and how their compositions and textures evolve during cooling, we undertook controlled cooling experiments in evacuated silica tubes. A Cu-Ni-Fe sulfide mixture, similar in composition to the average Merensky Reef sulfide magma, was charged (in a 9:1 wt.% proportion) with one of the PtAs2, PtTe2, PtSb2, PtBi2, PdAs2, PdTe2, PdSb, and PdBi2 compounds, heated to 1,100°C, and slowly cooled (15°C/day) to room temperature. The run products were sampled at 950°C, 750°C, and 25°C by quenching the silica tubes in water. The results show that Pt formed stable phases with As, Te, and Sb above 950°C and with Bi and S below 750°C. The Pt phases were found mostly in the decomposed intermediate solid solution (ISS), and all the phases survived to 25°C with no compositional changes. At 950°C, Pd formed arsenide, telluride, and antimonide immiscible melts that coexisted with monosulfide solid solution (MSS) and sulfide melt. The composition of the Pd-semimetal melt droplets changed during cooling by equilibration with the host sulfide. Palladium mineral phases formed at temperatures below 750°C directly from the immiscible semimetal-rich melts where they kept the rounded shapes of the melt droplets. Ni-sulfarsenides preceded the formation of Pd arsenides. No Ni tellurides, antimonides, or bismuthinides formed in any of the systems, implying that their formation requires higher semimetal/Pt + Pd ratios. The decomposition of MSS and ISS to base metal sulfides led to significant textural changes in Pt and Pd mineral grains. The compositions of Pt and Pd phases are inherited from the magmatic stage, and their textures are low-temperature (&amp;lt;450°C) features.

Plastic mulch increases dryland wheat yield and water-use productivity, while straw mulch increases soil water storage

Amplifying drought stress and high precipitation variability impair dryland wheat production. These problems can potentially be minimized by using plastic mulch (PM) or straw mulch (SM). Therefore, wheat grain yield, soil water storage, soil temperature and water-use productivity of PM and SM treatments were compared with no mulch (CK) treatment on dryland wheat over a period of eight seasons. Compared to the CK treatment, PM and SM treatments on average significantly increased grain yield by 12.6 and 10.5%, respectively. Compared to the CK treatment, SM treatment significantly decreased soil daily temperature by 0.57, 0.60 and 0.48°C for the whole seasons, growing periods and summer fallow periods, respectively. In contrast, compared to the CK treatment, PM treatment increased soil daily temperature by 0.44, 0.51 and 0.27°C for the whole seasons, growing periods and summer fallow periods, respectively. Lower soil temperature under SM allowed greater soil water storage than under PM. Soil water storage pre-seeding was 17% greater under the SM than under the PM treatment. Soil water storage post-harvest was similar for the PM and SM treatments, but evapotranspiration was 4.5% higher in the SM than in the PM treatment. Consequently, water-use productivity was 6.6% greater under PM than under the SM treatment. Therefore, PM treatment increased dryland wheat yield and water-use productivity, while straw mulch increased soil water storage.